Logical Reasoning[edit]

Logical reasoning is a process consisting of inferences, where premises and hypotheses are

formulated to arrive at a probable conclusion.[9] It is a broad term covering three sub-classifications in
deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning and abductive reasoning.[10]

Deductive Reasoning[edit]
‘Deductive reasoning is a basic form of valid reasoning, commencing with a general statement or
hypothesis, then examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion’.[11] This scientific
method utilises deductions, to test hypotheses and theories, to predict if possible observations were
correct.[12]
A logical deductive reasoning sequence can be executed by establishing: an assumption, followed
by another assumption and finally, conducting an inference. For example, ‘All men are mortal.
Harold is a man. Therefore, Harold is mortal.’[12]
For deductive reasoning to be upheld, the hypothesis must be correct, therefore, reinforcing the
notion that the conclusion is logical and true. It is possible for deductive reasoning conclusions to be
inaccurate or incorrect entirely, but the reasoning and premise is logical. For example, ‘All bald men
are grandfathers. Harold is bald. Therefore, Harold is a grandfather.’ is a valid and logical conclusion
but it is not true as the original assumption is incorrect.[13] Deductive reasoning is an analytical skill
used in many professions such as management, as the management team delegates tasks for day-
to-day business operations.[14][15]