REDUCED FORMS OF RELATIVE CLAUSE

(Giản lượt mệnh đề quan hệ)

Trong mệnh đề quan hệ, ta có thể đơn giản hóa lời nói bằng cách rút gọn các mệnh đề quan hệ.
1. Dùng hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) và quá khứ phân từ (V3/Ved):
a. Hiện tại phân từ: dùng cho câu chủ động.
1. Those people who are taking photos over there, come from Sweden.
Those people_______________________________________________________________
2. Fans who want to buy tickets started queuing early.
Fans_________________________________________________________________________
3. The girl who talks to Peter is my sister.
The girl_______________________________________________________________________
4. Astronauts who orbit earth in space capsules don’t have weight.
The astronauts____________________________________________________________________
5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
The fence_________________________________________________________________________
6. The scientist who discovered the law of gravity was Issac Newton.
The scientist_______________________________________________________________________
7. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
The children_______________________________________________________________________
8. They dicussed the problems which faced the youth movement.
They discussed_____________________________________________________________________
9. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting?
Did you get the message____________________________________________________________
10. The man who is sitting by the window is my uncle.
The man__________________________________________________________________________
b. Quá khứ phân từ: dùng cho câu bị động.
1, Most students who were punished last week are lazy.
Most students____________________________________________________________.
2, The man who was injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
The man___________________________________________________________________.
3, The generator which was invented by Faraday was his most important.
The generator_________________________________________________________________.
4. The worker who was exhausted by his work took some minutes rest.
The worker____________________________________________________________________.
5. My parents are living in the house which was built in 1980.
My parents____________________________________________________________________.
6. The student who was punised by his teacher felt very sad.
The student______________________________________________________________________.
7. The book which was written by Jack London is on the table.
The book________________________________________________________________________.
8. I love the gift which was given by my father to on my birthday.
I love____________________________________________________________________________.
9. The girl who was awarded is my classmate.
The girl________________________________________________________________________.
2. Dùng To-Infinitives.
a. Các ý so sánh nhất:
Naomi Campbell is the most expensive model (walk)_____________ for Jean-Paul Gaultier.
b. Các thứ tự: (the first, second, third... last, next, only):
She is the only person (believe)_______________ in ghost.
Neil Amstrongs is the first human ever (walk)______________ on the Moon.
You are the next one to____________(was fired).
c. Các ý chỉ mục đích, hay sự cho phép:
Please take me to the pool to see the dolphin.
3. Lượt bỏ hoàn toàn đại từ quan hệ: (với mệnh đề xác định)
He promised to lend me the book (which) he bought last week.
Ms Green, (who is) the reporter for the BBC news, is very professional.
1. This is the only student who can solve the problem.
This is the only student___________________________________________________.
2. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
Neil Armstrong___________________________________________________________.
3. Yuri Gagarin was the first astronaut who flew around the Earth.
Yuri Gagarin____________________________________________________________.
4. I was the only person who saw the difficulty.
I________________________________________________________________________.
5. Our Hostess was the only person who survived in the crash.
Our hostess___________________________________________________________________.
6. The captain was the last man who left the sinking ship.
The captain_____________________________________________________________________.
7. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
He_____________________________________________________________________________.
II. Excercises:
Multiple Choise:
1. The girl____behind you is naughty.
A. stands B. stood C. is standing D. standing
2. The tree_____by the gale fell across the road.
A. uproot B. was uprooted C. uprooted D. uprooting
3. The lady____in blue is her aunt.
A. dressed B. dressing C. is dressing D. in dressed
4. The man____this book is my uncle.
A. wrote B. written C. writting D. is written
5. The book____on the table is mine.
A. lies B. is lying C. lying D. is laid
6. Women_____in hospitals are to be admired.
A. works B. working C. worked D. are working
7. The chair____by a boy is now mended.
A. was broken B. broken C. breaking D. broke
8. My parents are living in a house_____in 1976.
A. was building B. was built C. built D. building
9. The tree____near the gate has lovely flowers.
A. standing B. stands C. is standing D. stood
10. The man____in the accident was taken to hospital.
A. was injured B. injured C. injuring D. was injuring
11. The students discussed the problem____the international youth movement.
A. faced B. facing C. was facing D. was faced
12. The streets____with shops are cheerful.
A. bordering B. are bordered C. bordered D. border
13. The festival____in Moscow in 1985 was great success.
A. was held B. holding C. held D. holds
14. The person____next to me was not very clever.
A. who sitting B. sitting C. sat D. is sat
15. She has bought some food____at the suppermarket.
A. is sold B. which sold C. selling D. sold
16. My friend George____late was not permitted to enter the room.
A. arrived B. arriving C. arrive D. arrives
17. Her sister,_____English, wants to speak to you.
A. is teaching B. teaching C. is taught D. taught
18. The story____by the teacher is interesting.
A. telling B. told C. was told D. tells
19. The Thames,_____through Paris is beautiful.
A. that is flown B. is flown C. flowing D. flows
20. The boy____the first prize felt very proud.
A. awarded B. awarding C. was awarded D. awards
21. Did you get the message_____the special meeting?
A. concerning B. concerned C. concerns D. was concerned
22. The car___by Mr. Green is very modern.
A. is driven B. driving C. drives D. driven
23. Only people______Japanese should apply for that job.
A. spoke B. speaking C. spoken D. speaks
24. Only a few of the movie_____at the Grey threatre are suitable for children.
A. are shown B. shown C. showed D. showing
25. Our solar system is in a Galaxy______Milky Way.
A. called B. calling C. calls D. is called
26. We visited Marid,_______.
A. that is the capital of Spain. B. is the capital os Spain
C. the capital of Spain D. which the capital of Spain
27. The books_____.
A. on the table belong to Tom B. are on the table belong Tom
C. the table belong to Tom D. on the table belongs to Tom
28. I came from city_____in the Southern part of the country.
A. is located B. locates C. located D. locating
29. President Kennedy was murdered by a man____Lee Oswald.
A. calling B. called C. calls D. is calling
30. We have an apartment____the park.
A. over looks B. over looking C. over looked D. over look
31. Do you know the woman_____ to the headmaster?
A. is talking B. she is talking C. that is talking D. whom is talking
32. I’m reading a book_____by Jack London.
A. was written B. that wrote C. written D. which written
33. The boy____next to me in the evening class is very smart.
A. sitting B. to sit C. who sits D. whom sits
34. We’re living in the house___by the green trees.
A. is surrounded B. that surrounded C. to be surrounded D. surounded
35. The first person____the classroom last Monday might know the reason.
A. entered B. to enter C. who enters D. whom entered
36. The woman____next door is a famous singer.
A. lives B. who lives C. living D. that living
37. The house____in the storm has now been rebuilt.
A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that being destroyed
38. The man_____at the backboard is our teacher.
A. stood B. stands C. standing D. to stand
39. Tom was the last_____the classroom yesterday.
A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
40. Linda was the last student_____at the oral exam.
A. to be asked B. asking C. asks D. to asked
41. The bridge_____by French architects is very nice.
A.was designed B. designing C. to design D. designed
42. Mary was the last applicant____by that interviewer.
A. to be interviewed B. to be interviewing C. to interview D. to have interview
43. Do you think you are the only person_____the danger.
A. to see B. for having seen C. to be seen D. for seeing
44. Is there anything important____first?
A. doing B. done C. to do D. do
45. English is an important language______.
A. master B. for mastering C. to master D. mastering
46. Have you got that dictionary that you can look up this didfficult word?
A. Have you got a dictionary that to look up this difficult word?
B. Have you got a dictionary looking up this difficult word?
C. Have you got a dictionary to look up this difficult word?
D. Have you got a dictionary look up this difficult word?
47. There are forty questions which have to be done in this test.
A.There are forty questions to be do in this test.
B. There are forty questions has to be done in this test.
C. There are forty questions to be done in this test.
D. There are forty questions to have to be done in this test.
48. This house is still in very good shape. It was built years ago.
A. This house, which built years ago, is still in very good shape.
B. This house, built years ago, is still in very good shape.
C. This house, build years ago, is still in very good shape.
D. This house, which was built years ago, is still in very good shape.
49. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting tired.
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. wait
50. I have a message for people____by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. who delaying
51. I live in a pleasant room_____the garden.
A. to overlook B. overlooking C. overlooked D. which overlooking
52. Melanie was the only person____a letter of thanks.
A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writng
53. The pilot was the only man_____after the crash.
A. to was rescued B. to rescued C. rescuing D. to be rescued
Error Recognition:
1. Every student who majors in English are ready to participate in the orchard contest.
2. Do you know the reason when English men travel to the left.
3. She is the most beautiful woman whose I have ever met.
4. Mother’s Day is the day when children show their love to their mother on.
5. The New Year Day is the day where all my family members gather and enjoy it together.
6. It is complicated because pollution is caused by things when benefit people.
7. The policeman must try to catch those men whom drive dangerously.
8. He was very surprised when he visited London, in that the drivers always drive on the left-hand
side of the street.
9. That is the man who he told me the bad news.
10. I don’t know the reason on when Jonathan was sacked.
11. Baseball is the only sport in which I am interested in.
12. I can assure you that John is a man on who you can absolutely depend.
13. My sister has two children, who their names are Ali and Tally.
14. I would like to write about several problems which I have face them since I came to US.
15. If you need any information, see the librarian sits at the central desk on the second floor.
16. On the wall, there is a colorful poster which consists of a group of young people who dancing.
17. When we walked pass theatre, there were a lot of people waited in a long line outside the box
office.
18. It’s important to be polite to people who lives in the same building.
19. The fence surrounded our house is made of wood.
20. Parents who children are in college are working longer hours to pay their tuition.
21. Who was the last person left the office yesterday afternoon.
22. Who is the next candidate answering the question?
23. Are you usually the first guest coming to the party?
24. This is my brother, who’s wife is French.
25. The man injuring in the accident was taken to the city’s hospital.
26. The experiment was conducted by Dr.Adam last week was unsuccessful.
27. This is the person shared the flat with me when we studied in Sydney.
28. Summer is the time of year when the weather is the hottest then.
29. A dam is a wall building across a river to stop the river’s flow and collect the water.