History of apartment

In ancient Rome, the insulae (singular insula) were large apartment buildings where the
lower and middle classes of Romans (the plebs) dwelled. The floor at ground level was used
for tabernas, shops and businesses with living space on the higher floors.
• reached up to 10 and more stories some with more than 200 stairs.
• Several emperors, beginning with Augustus (r. 30 BC-14 AD), attempted to
establish limits of 20–25 m for multi-storey buildings,
• The lower floors were typically occupied by either shops or wealthy families,
while the upper stories were rented out to the lower classes
Egypt
• During the medieval Arabic-Islamic period, the Egyptian capital of Fustat (Old Cairo)
housed many high-rise residential buildings
• In the 10th century, Al-Muqaddasi described them as resembling minarets,[12] and
stated that the majority of Fustat's population lived in these multi-storey apartment
buildings, each one housing over 200 people
• In the 11th century, Nasir Khusraw described some of these apartment buildings rising
up to fourteen stories, with roof gardens on the top storey
• In Scotland, the term 'tenement' lacks the pejorative connotations it carries elsewhere,
and refers simply to any block of flats sharing a common central staircase and lacking
an elevator, particularly those constructed prior to 1919.
• During the 19th century tenements became the predominant type of new housing in
Scotland's industrial cities,
• Scottish tenements are usually three to five storeys in height, with two to four flats on
each floor.
• Flights of stairs and landings are generally designated common areas
• Yemen
• High-rise apartment buildings were built in the Yemeni city of Shibam in the 16th
century. The houses of Shibam are all made out of mud bricks, but about 500 of them
are tower houses, which rise 5 to 11 stories high,[19] with each floor having one or two
apartments
• Shibam is often called "the oldest skyscraper-city in the world
• is the earliest example of urban planning based on the principle of vertical
construction, as it was the first city to consist entirely of high-rise residential buildings.
Some of them were over 100 feet (30 m) high, thus being the tallest mudbrick apartment
buildings in the world to this day.
United States and Canada
• Apartment buildings lining the residential stretch of East 57th Street between
First Avenue and Sutton Place in New York.
• Marina City in Chicago, Illinois, United States built in 1959 was a landmark in
apartment construction
• In the 10th century, the Chacoan people constructed large, multi-room
dwellings, some comprising more than 900 rooms, in the Chaco Canyon area of
what is now northwest New Mexico.
• In 1839, the first New York City tenement was built, housing mainly poor
immigrants.
• The Dakota (1884) was one of the first luxury apartment buildings in New York
City. The majority, however, remained tenements.
• Some significant developments in architectural design of apartment buildings
came out of the 1950s and 60s. Among them were groundbreaking designs in
the 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments (1951), New Century Guild (1961),
Marina City (1964) and Lake Point Tower (1968).
• Apartments were popular in Canada, particularly in urban centres like
Vancouver, Toronto, Ottawa, and Montreal in the 1950s to 1970s. By the 1980s,
many multi-unit buildings were being constructed as condominiums instead of
apartments, and both are now very common
Australia
• In Australia, the term "flats" is used for lower income apartments, whereas the
word apartment (with the exception of older style buildings) is almost always
used for posh buildings.
• Newer buildings are called apartments if they have a lift.
• A high-rise apartment building is commonly referred to as a residential tower
or apartment tower in Australia.
• Australia has a relatively recent history in apartment buildings. Terrace houses
were the early response to density development, though the majority of
Australians lived in fully detached houses.
• The earliest apartment buildings were in the major cities of Sydney and
Melbourne as the response to fast rising land values. in 1906
• In the 1980s, modern apartment buildings sprang up in riverside locations in
Brisbane (along the Brisbane River) and Perth (along the Swan River).
 • In Melbourne in the 1990s a trend began for apartment buildings without the
requirement of spectacular views.
• Despite their size, other smaller cities including Canberra, Darwin, Newcastle,
Adelaide and Geelong have begun building apartments in the 2000s.
• Today, residential buildings Eureka Tower and Q1 are the tallest in the country.
• There are Australian cities, such as Gold Coast, Queensland, which are
inhabited predominately by apartment dwellers
Advantages
• High security
• Some apartment buildings have high levels of security.
• Apartments are also more convenient than owning a house as the general
maintenance and landscaping is taken care of by the owner.
Apartment types and characteristics
• Apartments can be classified into several types.
a studio
• In North America the typical terms are a studio or bachelor apartment
(efficiency or bedsit in the UK).
• These kinds of apartment usually consist mainly of a large room which is the living,
dining, and bedroom combined. There are usually kitchen facilities as part of this
central room, but the bathroom is its own smaller separate room.
• Moving up from the bachelors/efficiencies are one-bedroom apartments, in which one
bedroom is separate from the rest of the apartment. Then there are two-bedroom,
three-bedroom, etc. apartments (Apartments with more than three bedrooms are rare).
Small apartments often have only one entrance.
• Large apartments often have two entrances
garden apartment
• A garden apartment complex consists of low-rise apartment buildings built with
landscaped grounds surrounding them.
• The apartment buildings are often arranged around courtyards that are open at one
end.
• each apartment has its own building entrance, or just a few apartments share a small
foyer or stairwell at each building entrance.
• Modern garden apartment buildings are never more than three stories high,
 • However, the first "garden apartment" buildings in the United States, developed in the
early 20th century, were five stories high.
• Some garden apartment buildings place a one-car garage under each apartment. The
grounds are more landscaped than for other modestly scaled apartments.
• Laundry facilities may be found in a common area accessible to all the tenants in the
building, or each apartment may have its own facilities.
• In some parts of the world, the word apartment refers to a new purpose-built self-
contained residential unit in a building, whereas the word flat means a converted self-
contained unit in an older building. An industrial, warehouse, or commercial space
converted to an apartment is commonly called a loft, although some modern lofts are
built by design. An apartment consisting of the top floor of a high apartment building
can be called a penthouse.
APARTMENTS
GENERAL
The process of designing an apartment building may be graphically depicted in a general
wayas in Table The sequences shown are labeled as program development, site analysis,
building planning, and building design. Program development is for the most pert evaluation
of information over which the architect has relatively little control but which shapes the
project in a basic way .
Site analysis involves evaluation of physical data which must be recognized, identified, and
weighed by the architect in making basic design decisions dealing with site use, allocation,
and development .
Standard for different types for apartments
Accordingly, these guidelines provide recommended minimum standards for:
•floor areas for different types of apartments,
•storage spaces,
•sizes for apartment balconies / patios, and
• room dimensions for certain rooms.
.Apartment Layout
• The internal layout of an apartment establishes the spatial arrangement of rooms, the
circulation
between rooms, and the degrees of privacy for each room.
• In addition, the layout directly impacts
 the quality of residential amenity, such as access to daylight and natural
ventilation, and the
assurance of acoustic and visual privacy. T

Apartment Type Area m2

03.01 Studio Internal Area 38.5m2
03.02 One bedroom , Internal Area 50m2
cross through External Area 8m2
03.03 One bedroom Internal Are 62m2
masionette/loft External Area 9.4m2
03.04 One bedroom Internal Area 63.4m2
single aspect External Area 10m2
03.05 Two bedroom Internal Area 80m2
Corner External Area 11m2
03.06 Two bedroom Internal Are 89m2
cross through External Area 21m2
03.07 Two bedroom Internal Area 90m2
cross-over External Area 16m2
03.08 Two bedroom Internal Area 121m2
corner with study External Area 33m2
03.09 Three bedroom Internal Area 124m2
External Area 24m2
Objectives
To ensure the spatial arrangement of apartments is functional and well organised.
To ensure that apartment layouts provide high standards of residential amenity.
To maximise the environmental performance of apartments.
To accommodate a variety of household activities and occupants’ needs
 Better Design Practice
Determine appropriate apartment sizes in relations to:
• geographic location and market demands
• the spatial configuration of an apartment, not just its plan,
• affordability; a range of apartment sizes provides more choice for more people.
• Design apartment layouts, which respond to the natural and built environments
and optimise site opportunities, by:
• providing private open space in the form of a
balcony, a terrace, a courtyard or a garden for every
apartment
• locating main living spaces adjacent to main private
open space
• Avoid locating kitchen as part of the main circulation
spaces of an apartment, such as a hallway or entry
space
• Include adequate storage space in apartment
Ensure apartment layouts and dimensions facilitate
furniture removal and placement.
.Ground Floor Apartments
• Ground floor apartments are special because they offer the potential for direct access
from the street
and on-grade private landscape areas