ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSTY

LITRETURE

[TYPE THE DOCUMENT SUBTITLE]

NAHOM DESALEGN
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................4
RESIDENTIOAL BUILDING:......................................................................................................................4
Terminology..........................................................................................................................................4
Types of Buildings Based on Occupancy................................................................................................5
GROUP – A : RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS...............................................................................................5
GROUP – C: EDUCATIONAL BUILDING S.............................................................................................6
GROUP – D: ASSEMBLIY BUILDINGS..................................................................................................6
GROUP – E : BUSINESS BUILDINGS....................................................................................................6
GROUP – F : MERCANTILE BUILDINGS...............................................................................................6
GROUP – G : INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS................................................................................................6
TYPES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING BASED ON INCOME : It divided in to four major classes they are...7
Residential buildings zones....................................................................................................................8
SLEEPING AREA........................................................................................................................9
SERVICE AREA...........................................................................................................................9
OTHER AREAS............................................................................................................................9
FUNCTIONAL PLANNING AND CIRCULATION.......................................................................................10
Site analysis for residential building....................................................................................................10
Why do you carry out an architectural site analysis for residential building?.....................................11
Making sure the analysis is thorough..................................................................................................12
What kind of information are we collecting?......................................................................................12
Desktop Study.....................................................................................................................................13
Location:......................................................................................................................................14
Legal Information:.......................................................................................................................14
Utilities:.......................................................................................................................................14
Climate:.......................................................................................................................................14
Visiting the Site....................................................................................................................................15
What to take with you.....................................................................................................................15
What to look out for........................................................................................................................16
Site and surroundings......................................................................................................................16
Location.......................................................................................................................................16
Neighborhood context.................................................................................................................16
Site and Zoning............................................................................................................................16
 Site boundary and dimensions, any rights of way through the site and the dimensions, Any
easements location and dimensions, Buildable area of the site, Any building height restrictions,
Access to the site – car parking, bus routes, train stations, cycle routes, pedestrian
walkways.Access to site for construction – will there be any obstacles or restrictions that could
affect the construction process?...................................................................................................16
Natural Features...........................................................................................................................16
Manmade features........................................................................................................................17
Circulation...................................................................................................................................17
Utilities........................................................................................................................................17
Sensory........................................................................................................................................17
Human and Cultural.....................................................................................................................17
Negative neighborhood issues such as vandalism and crime, What are the attitudes towards the
site and the potential build? And what are the general neighbourhood attitudes about the area?
And what is the population, density, family size, ethnic patterns, employment, recreation
activities etc.................................................................................................................................17
Climate........................................................................................................................................17
Orientation of the site, Weather – how does the weather affect the site? Is it well shaded,
exposed? How does the temperature, rainfall etc. vary throughout the year?, What are the
prevailing wind directions throughout the year?, What is the sun path throughout the different
times of the year, and day............................................................................................................17
Diagramming your findings.........................................................................................................17
THE STANDARD ROOM SIZE & LOCATION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING.......................................18
The Standard Room Size & Location for Dierent Types of Room...................................................19

3|Page
INTRODUCTION
ALL LIVING BEINGS FEEL THE URGE TO HAVE A GOOD DWELLING OR HOUSE AS A SHELTER
AGAINST INCLEMENT WEATHER. A HOUSE IS A PROTECTION OF INMATES AND THEIR
BELONGS FROM INIMICALLY INCLINED BEINGS OF THEIR OWN SPACES OR OTHER KIND OF
SPECIES. MAN IS NATURALLY ENDOWED WITH HIGH INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES, HAS
PROGRESSIVELY DEVELOPED NEW IDEAS AND CREATIONS OF HOUSE BUILDING SO AS TO
GET MAXIMUM PHYSICAL COMFORTS. BUILDINGS ARE CLASSIFIED IN TO VARIOUS TYPES
BASED ON THEIR FUNCTION/USE, SUCH AS;
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING: IT IS USED FOR LIVING HUMAN BEINGS
COMMERCIAL BUILDING: IT IS USED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSE
EDUCATIONAL BUILDING; IT USE FOR EDUCATION PURPOSE
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING; IT USED FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSE TO BUILD

PERMANENT SHELTER BUILT BY HUMANS’ BEINGS TO PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM:

 Heat, glare of sun, lightening, rain, snowfall and storms.
 Thieves and house breakers etc.

Representation of a building on paper to some suitable reduced scale is called building

drawing.

RESIDENTIOAL BUILDING:
A house is a shelter in which human beings live .a home is a house in which one and his family live
enjoy all the happiness affection and love of each other. A building used for doweling purposes is
known as residential building. So that residential are those in which one resides permanently or for a
considerable long time.

Terminology
Building: an assemblage that is firmly attached to the ground and that provides total or
nearby total shelter for machines. Processing equipment performance of human activity
storage of human position or any combination of these.

Building design: is the process of providing all information necessary for construction of
building that will meet its owner’s requirements and also satisfy public health. Welfare. And
safety, requirements.

Residential building is one type of building which is classified based on its occupancy.

A residential building is defined as the building which provides more than half of its floor
area for dwelling purposes. In other words, residential building provides sleeping
accommodation with or without cooking or dining or both facilities.

Currently, this time is trend of projecting and realization residential buildings, which would
be attractive in architecture, with low purchasing and operating cost, which are also energy
efficient. It is necessary to build fast, quality and environmental friendly buildings.
Environmental and climate changes the residential houses should meet one of the basic
human needs – the need of housing. This fact raises the question for investors or developers,
what the future owner expecting from his new housing.

Types of Buildings Based on Occupancy

A building may be classified based on different parameters like occupancy, load transfer in the
structure, materials used, degree of fire resistance, etc. The National Building Code of India Part IV –
2005, classifies the buildings in the following nine groups based on occupancy:

1. Residential

2. Educational

3. Institutional

4. Assembly

5. Business

6. Mercantile

7. Industrial

8. Storage

9. Hazardous

The above classification is briefly explained in this chapter. Minor occupancy incidental to operations
in another type shall be classified under the relevant main occupancy group.

GROUP – A : RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

The buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residential purposes, with or
without cooking or dining or both facilities are grouped as residential buildings. However, the
buildings classified under institutional group are excluded from this group. Apart from detached
houses, semi-detached houses, chawls, duplex type and flats, lodging and hotels are also considered
residential buildings with the following definitions:

a. Lodging: These are the buildings in which under the same management, separate sleeping
accommodation for a total of not more than 40 persons is provided. The accommodation may be on
transit or permanent basis and it may be with or without dining facilities. However, there should not
be cooking facility on individual basis.

b. Hotels: These are the buildings under single management in which sleeping accommodation with
or without dining facility is provided for more than 15 persons who are primarily transient. Examples
of such buildings are hotels, inns, clubs and motels.

5|Page
D–3. Buildings without a stage having accommodation for 300 or more persons but without
permanent seating arrangements: This subdivision of assembly buildings includes assembly
buildings without theatrical stage, cinematographic accessories and permanent seating
arrangements. The capacity of the building may be for accommodating more than 300 people.
Examples of such buildings are dance halls, nightclubs, halls for drama, incidental picture show, or
educational presentations, art galleries, and museums. Passenger terminals and buildings used for
educational purposes for less than 8 hours per week also fall under this subdivision of buildings.

D–4. Buildings without a stage having accommodation for less than 300 persons: These are the
buildings described in subdivision 3 but with accommodation for less than 300 persons.

D–5. All other assembly buildings not covered in the above four subdivisions: Examples of such
buildings are grandstands, amusement park structures, circus tents, etc.

GROUP – C: EDUCATIONAL BUILDING S

Educational buildings are built for different purpose sucj as traing, supervision and care vison for
students and trainers of different stages, example of educational building are college, traing
institute, school and daycares center

GROUP – D: ASSEMBLIY BUILDINGS

Assembly buildings are used for meeting or rathering of people for certain purpose. For instance,
religious, social eating and drinking, consumption or awaiting transportation.the international
building code (IBC2018) divided assembly building into group A-1, A-2,A-3,A-4,A-5 and A-6.

GROUP – E : BUSINESS BUILDINGS

These are the buildings which are used for transaction of business, for keeping of accounts and
records. The buildings used for professional establishments, service facilities, etc., also come under
this class of buildings. City halls, town halls, court houses and libraries are also classified in this group
so far as the principal function of these is transaction of public business and keeping of books and
records. The following are the subdivisions of business buildings:

E–1: Offices, banks, professional establishments, like offices of engineers, architects, doctors,
lawyers, etc., belong to this subdivision.

E–2: Laboratories, research establishments and test houses belong to this subdivision.

E–3: Computer installations belong to this subdivision.

GROUP – F : MERCANTILE BUILDINGS

These are the buildings used as shops, stores for display and sale of merchandise either wholesale or
retail. Such buildings are further subclassified as:

F–1: Shops, stores, markets with area of 500 m2 belong to this subdivision.

F–2: Underground shopping centres, departmental stores with area more than 500 m2 belong to
this subdivision.
GROUP – G : INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
Any building or its part, in which products or materials of all kinds are fabricated, assembled,
manufactured or processed. Examples of such buildings are dry-cleaning plants, power plants,
pumping stations, gas plants, dairies and sawmills. On the basis of degree of hazard, industrial
buildings are subdivided. The hazard of occupancy shall be the relative danger of start and spread of
fire , the danger of smoke or gases generated the danger of explosion or other occurrences
potentially endangering lives of the occupants of the buildings. Where different degrees of hazard of
occupancy exist in different parts, the most hazardous of those shall govern the classification. The
following are the subdivisions of industrial buildings:

TYPES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING BASED ON INCOME : It divided in to four

major classes they are
1. Residence for high income family
2. Residence for Middle income family
3. Residence for Low income family
4. Residence for weaker section family

1. Residence for high income family: it is contains the following rooms;

- Living room;
- Dining room;
- Family room;
- Bed room with bath;
- Kitchen ;
- Store;
- Office;
- Gust bed room

2. Residence for middle income family: it contains the following rooms;

- Living room
- Dining room
- Bed room
- Bath with Waco
- Store

3. Residence for low income family: it contains the following rooms;

- Living room
7|Page
 - Bed room
- Kitchen
- Bath and w.c

4. Residence for Weaker income family: it contains

- To contain only one rooms including living, bed kitchens are together or not have
this all.

In residential buildings considerable stress has to be laid on furniture. In big cities where land
cost is very high except in case of very high rental accommodations or house of rich. Size of
furniture should be according to the size of room where it is to use so that in door circulation
remains free of obstacle there are covered by furniture in different rooms may be taken as
follows.

 Living room 30% to 35%

 Dining room 50% to 60%

Bed room about 65%

Residential buildings zones

A residential building such as a building can be divided in to four major areas they are

1. Living area
2. Sleeping area
3. Service area
4. Other area

1. Living area: this area consists of the following rooms:

 Living room or Drawing room

 Dining room
 Office
 Guest room
 Study room
 Family room

1. LIVING AND DROWING ROOM: are the main processes of a residential building
where the family member, gusts and friends meet, relax and entertain. Such rooms should be
well ventilated, lighted, located near the entrances. It should be planned in such a way that
direct access is not given to bed rooms, kitchen …from drawing room keeping in view the
privacy which is a prime factor in planning of residential building.

The purposes served by this room

a) It acts as lounge relaxing.

b) It acts as a reception room.
c) It is used for holding social functions.
d) On special occasions it’s also used as a dining room.
e) It is also used to accommodate occasional gust
f) Occasion of some religious discourse this room acts as congregation room

SLEEPING AREA:-bed is the sleeping area of inmates of a house. Bed rooms are occupied
for the longest period as compared to other rooms of a house. A bed room should have more
individual privacy it should have adequate light, ventilation and protection from the heat of
sun. Bed room can be located in S.E, S.W and N.W. Bed room may be includes

 Master bed room

 Bath and w.c
 Child bed room
 Dressing room
 Guest bed room

SERVICE AREA: Are used for daily services like cooking, cleaning and bathing it is called
service area it’s includes

 Kitchen
 Dining room
 Bath room and w.c

OTHER AREAS: these are used for free circulation in the building it may includes

 Verandah
 Passage

9|Page
  Stair case
 Corridors, foyers
 Store room

FUNCTIONAL PLANNING AND CIRCULATION

All the three areas and rooms are design taking in to consideration the purpose for which each
room will be used the purpose decided the size, placing and size of windows furniture.
Planning is more of an art than a perfect science.

DEFFERENT PURPOSE ROOMS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

A residential building consists of various rooms for different purposes the real art home
design is to group all these in such a way that resulting building proves most convenient
comfortable to its inmates. The following may be the possible rooms in residential building.

1. Living room
2. Kitchen
3. Drawing room
4. Dining room
5. Bed room Office room
6. Store room
7. Bath and w.c
8. Guest room
9. Children room
10. Garage

Verandah

Site analysis for residential building

The site for any building is a very important and experts job and should be done very
carefully by an experienced engineer. The requirements of site for building with different
occupancies are different following are some of the important factors which should be
considered while selecting site for any residence

1. The site should be in fully developed area or in the area which has potential of
development.
 2. civic service such as water supply, drainage sewers, electric, lins, etc. should be near
to the selected site so as to obtain their services with no extra cost.
3. soil at the site should be of made up type as far as possible. The buildings constructed
over such soils normally undergo differential setlment and sometimes become the
cause of collapse . crack in buildings in such conditions, ar quite common.
4. the selected site should be large enough both to ensure the building abundant light and
air to prevent any over dominance by the neighbouring buildings.
5. The ground water table at the site should not be very high.
6. Nearness of school, markets, hospitals are considered good for residential site
7. Good foundation soil should be prepared.
8. The site is preferable if it has a good view landscape like hill, river, lake etc.
9. Residential site should not be located near to workshope, factories, bcouse such
locations are subjected to continuous noise.

Why do you carry out an architectural site analysis for residential building?
Prior to starting any design, your client will want to know whether construction on the site is
viable. Carrying out an extensive site analysis [or context analysis] will assess whether
development is financially feasible, and establish parameters to implement the best design
that responds to the physical and environmental features of the site.
A contextual analysis is a research activity that looks at the existing conditions of a project
site, along with any imminent or potential future conditions. The purpose is to inform us
about a site prior to the start of our design process so that our initial design thinking about a
site can incorporate considered responses to the external conditions.
An architectural site analysis will look at issues such as site location, size, topography,
zoning, traffic conditions and climate. The analysis also needs to consider any future
developments, or changes to the sites surroundings, such as a change of roads designations,
changing cultural patterns, or other significant building developments within the area.
Understanding the context of a site is key to enabling the designer to weave the new design in
with the existing fabric of the site. It allows us to understand the existing opportunities, or
problems in a site, and make informed decisions on how to respond to our findings. This
response could be that the designed building reflects the surrounding context and is designed
to be in sympathy, or perhaps to turn away or eliminate certain unwanted site conditions.

11 | P a g e
 Making sure the analysis is thorough
It is important when carrying out a site analysis on residential, that we endeavor to research
as much as possible and collect all available data that relates to the site and our design. A
poorly executed site analysis can lead to a substandard design due to the designer not having
all available information to respond to and develop solutions for. You can never know too
much about the site.
To help with collecting information, I have made a checklist that is a starting point for
analyzing the site and gathering data. The checklist is not exhaustive, which means you can
add to the checklist every time you come across new issue or factor relating to a site.
What kind of information are we collecting?
Our analysis data can be split into two main categories. Hard data and soft data.
Soft data looks at site conditions that can be changed. Hard data looks at more concrete
elements such as site boundaries, site areas, utility locations,contours, dimensions, site
features, climate, and legal information. Early site investigations should look at hard data.
From this, we are able to establish which elements we consider to have a negative impact on
the site or proposed design and which conditions have a more positive influence. This allows
us to create a hierarchy and gives a more systematic approach to understanding our data and
developing the design.
The general categories of data we will be looking at as we carry out our architectural site
analysis are:
 Location – where the site is situated
 Neighbourhood context – the immediate surrounding of the site including data on
zoning and buildings and other impacts on our project.
 Zoning and size – dimensional considerations such as boundaries, easements, height
restrictions, site area, access along with any further plans.
 Legal information – ownership, restrictions or covenants, council related information,
future urban development plans.
 Natural physical features – actual features of the site such as trees, rocks, topography,
rivers, ponds, drainage patterns.
 Manmade features – existing buildings, walls, surrounding vernacular, setbacks,
materials, landscaping, scale.
 Circulation – Vehicle and pedestrian movements in, through and around the site.
Consider the timing of these movements, and duration of heavier patterns. Future traffic and
road developments should also be considered.
 Utilities – Any electricity, gas, water, sewer and telephone services that are situated in
or near the site, along with distances, depths and materials.
 Climate – all climatic information such as rainfall, snowfall, wind directions,
temperatures, sun path, all considered during the different times of the year.
 Sensory – this addresses the visual, audible and tactile aspects of the site, such as
views, noise, and so on. These again should be considered in time frames and a positive or
negative factor can be attributed to the condition.
 Human and cultural – the cultural, psychological, behavioural and sociological
aspects of the surrounding neighbourhood. Activities and patterns, density, population ethnic
patterns, employment, income, values and so on.
Desktop Study

 
Before you visit the site, there is a lot of information you can gain from a desktop study. By
carrying out thorough research prior to your visit to site, you will arrive well informed, and
possibly have identified specific things that you want to check or look out for on your site
visit.

13 | P a g e
 Prior to your site visit it may be necessary to obtain an OS map of the site. From this, and
from client information you can clarify the location of site boundaries.
1. Things to look into before you go to site:
Location:
 Geological maps to discover predominant type of soil or rock on the site.
 Aerial photographs and maps (Google and Bing have really useful and quite different
aerial
 (Images). Historical maps can also be interesting.
 Distances and travel times between the site and other locations of importance

Legal Information:
 History of the site – anything you can use to inform your design. Any tunnels, disused
mines, archaeological interests under the site could curtail development.
 Historical use of the site – could industrial processes have contaminated the land?
 If the site sits in a conservation area or close to listed buildings you may need to go
into more detail regarding cultural significance, historic significance, etc.
Utilities:
 Determine whether water, electricity, gas, telephone, sewerage and other services are
connected to the land.
Climate:
 Climate conditions of the site/area.
 Sun path and angles.
 Is the area susceptible to flooding, is it considered a flood risk area?
Some information is not freely available, but a client or their legal representative should be
able to clarify any issues regarding rights of way, rights of light, legal easements and any
rights of tenants.
 There are many more things to look at, and each site is very different, but hopefully this will
give you a starting point for getting the best out of your site visit. In the next section we will
look at visiting the site, and some of the items on the checklist according to the categories
that you should look out for.
Visiting the Site
 

What to take with you

Depending on the project you will want to consider taking the following items with you when
you go to look at a potential site, or proposed site for your design project.
 Camera – essential. Make sure you take pictures of everything. Also, make sure you
get some shots of the site from a distance so you can use these in your final images, cgi’s and
so on. Also take pictures of what is opposite the site, so you can use these as reflections in
windows of your design. It is so frustrating when you go to the trouble of visiting a site and
come back wishing you had taken more pictures.
 Smart phone. If you have any apps that assist with taking panoramic pictures, take
a few of these too. You can do some interesting stuff when you get to later design stages if
you have a few panoramic to play with.
 Note book. Really important to be able to jot down any observations.
 Tape measure. Some sites may be close to hazards or situations where you will need
to measure the proximity.
 Good weather! If you have a choice of when to visit the site try to pick a day when
there is a bit of blue sky around. It will look better for your site photos, particularly if you are
planning on using them in future presentations.
 

15 | P a g e
 What to look out for
I would suggest you go with a list of items to look out for, and check off your list so that you
don’t miss anything. My list would go something like this based on the categories we
established earlier:

Site and surroundings

Location
 Site location details (road names, address, major landmarks etc) and Current context –
existing buildings, car parking, roads.
Neighborhood context
Look at existing and proposed building uses in the neighbourhood, What condition are the
buildings in?, Are there exterior spaces and what are they used for?, Are there activities in the
neighbourhood that may create strong vehicle or pedestrian traffic?, Existing vehicle movement
patterns, major and minor roads, bus routes and stops ,Street lighting, Sun and shade patterns
during the year
Building context
What style, period, state of repair are the surrounding buildings? It is a
historical/heritage/conservation area? Will your design need to reflect the existing style?
 Is the site close to listed buildings?
 Surfaces and materials around the site.
Site and Zoning
Site boundary and dimensions, any rights of way through the site and the dimensions, Any
easements location and dimensions, Buildable area of the site, Any building height
restrictions, Access to the site – car parking, bus routes, train stations, cycle routes,
pedestrian walkways.Access to site for construction – will there be any obstacles or
restrictions that could affect the construction process?
Natural Features
Topography of the site, valleys, ridges, slopes etc. And Vegetation – landscaping, greenery,
shrubs and trees, open spaces, Site levels. How will this affect your design process? How
does the site drainage work, would there be any potential problems with drainage? And Soil
types on site
 Manmade features
In this portion consider what was the previous use of the site? Would there be any
contamination concerns?Are there existing buildings on the site,Are the existing buildings
part of the project? Any walls and retaining walls on the site, or other built items
Circulation
Circulation – how do visitors/pedestrians/traffic to or near the site flow around or within it, Does
the existing pedestrian movement need to be preserved?, public transport close to the site,
Locations of best access to site for both vehicles and pedestrians ravel time to walk across the
site
Utilities
Location of all services: electricity, gas, water, sewer, telephone. This includes both underground
and above ground, Location of power poles, Drainage, Sub-stations
Sensory
Views – where are the best views to and from the site? Mark out the positive and negative views,
Which is the most likely feature aspect?, Noise, odour and pollution – is the site in a
particularly noisy area? Or near industrial buildings that produce levels of pollution. Is it near a
facility that creates smoke?
Human and Cultural
Negative neighborhood issues such as vandalism and crime, What are the attitudes towards
the site and the potential build? And what are the general neighbourhood attitudes about the
area? And what is the population, density, family size, ethnic patterns, employment,
recreation activities etc.
Climate
Orientation of the site, Weather – how does the weather affect the site? Is it well shaded,
exposed? How does the temperature, rainfall etc. vary throughout the year?, What are the
prevailing wind directions throughout the year?, What is the sun path throughout the different
times of the year, and day.

Diagramming your findings

17 | P a g e
The best way to present much of the data you have collected is through diagrams. There are
varying approaches to expressing the features of the site or your residential, some prefer to
include as much information as possible on one diagram, while others will produce a number
of smaller diagrams to demonstrate particular site conditions or features.Both options work,
but if you decide to present all the data on one drawing, it is important to make sure it doesn’t
become muddled and difficult to interpret the information. So a single diagram demonstrating
many of the site conditions will be a larger drawing than numerous individual diagrams
demonstrating one site factor. It is also important that the hierarchy of the drawing is clear –
using your pen thicknesses to demonstrate the different aspects.
You can represent data from your site visit in plans, elevations and sections, isometrics or
perspectives. Be sure to choose the best option for the date you are trying to explain. We
want to make sure the diagram is simple, and clear, with the data we are presenting
graphically bolder than the referent information. You want the emphasis to be on the
information you are communicating, for example a path through the site, or the position of
trees on the site. If you choose to create a series of drawings, ensure that the site drawing is
always the same orientation, and preferably scale, so that the reader can easily understand the
drawings.

THE STANDARD ROOM SIZE & LOCATION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

What are the Standard Room Size & Location in residential buildings? In this article, you come to
know about the various standard dimensions of dierent element of residential houses. Area
limitations: The limitation of area and height of the buildings of dierent types of construction and
occupancy is achieved by satisfying oor area ratio (FAR). FAR is  taking into account the following
aspects:

 Occupancy class
 Type of construction
  Width of the street fronting the building and the trac load
 The density & Locality
 where the building is proposed and.
 Parking facilities

Floor Area Ratio(FAR) = (Total cover area of all oors/  Plot area)

The floor area ratio for residential buildings is ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 depending on the type
‘of construction. It restricts the height of the building and the number of storeys provided.
For example, if a plot measures 15 m x 20 m and building bye-laws stipulates permissible
FAR as 2.00, then the maximum built-up area which can be put on the plot is 600 m . If the
area covered at ground oor is 150 m , the total number of oors that can be constructed is
(600 / 150) = 4 Thus, with these bye-laws, the height of the building cannot be more than 4
storeys. FAR is also used in classifying the type of construction on the basis of resistance
oered by building against fire

the Height of the building:     

  The height and number of the storey for a building are related to FAR and the provisions of open
spaces are already explained earlier. Where the building height is not covered by FAR, the maximum
heightshould be limited to the width of the street as follows.               

(i) The maximum height of the building shall not exceed 2 times the width of road
abutting plus the front open space.
(ii) (ii) If a building abuts on two or more streets of dierent widths, the building shall
be deemed to face upon the street that has the greater width and the building
height shall be regulated by the width of that street and may be continued to this
height to a depth of 24 m along the narrower street subject to conformity of open
spaces.

The Standard Room Size & Location for Dierent Types of Room
1) Bed Room, Living Room, Drawing Room, Dining Room, Study Room.

Minimum Area: 9.5 Sq.m. Standard living room size 9 feet x 10 feet

Minimum Size of Side :

i) For one Room minimum width should be 2.4 m.

ii) ii) Where there are two rooms, one of these shall not be less than 9.5 sq. m. and others not
less than 7.5 sq. m. with a minimum width of 2.1m.

The height of Room: The of all room for human habitation shall not be less than 2.75 m. measure
from the surface of all floors.

19 | P a g e
 Other Requirement: For Air Conditioning-room height should not less than 2.4 m. The
recommended Standard Room Size & Location for the living room of various sizes are as below:

Kitchen: Minimum Area: 5 Sq.m.

Minimum Size of Side: The width of the room is not less than 1.8 m. Where there is a separate store,
the Kitchen Design Kitchen Standard Design area of the kitchen may be reduced to 4.5 sq. m. A
kitchen that is intended to use as dining also shall have a oor area of not less than 7.5 sq. m. with
minimum width 2.1m.

The height of Room: The Kitchen height shall not less than 2.75 sq. m.

Other Requirement: 

1. Its oor should be impermeable.

2. Unless separately provided in a pantry, means for washing of kitchen utensils which shall lead
directly or through the sink to a grated and trapped connection to the waste pipe.
 The recommended Standard Room Size & Location for the kitchen of various sizes are as below:

3) Bath Room and Water Closet: Minimum Area: 1.8 Sq.m. (bath room), 1.1 Sq.m. (W. C.)

Minimum Size of Side : If bath and water closet are combined, its oor area shall not be less than 2.8
Sq.m. with minimum side width of 1.2m.

The height of the Room:   Shall not less than 2 m.

Other Requirement:

1. It should be located such that at least one of its walls open to the external wall.

2. It should not be directly over or under any other room than another latrine, washing place, bath
or terrace, in case of multi-storeyed buildings unless the oor is watertight.

3. It should have a platform or seat of watertight, non- absorbent materials.

4. It should be provided with the impervious oor sloping towards the drain with a suitable grade and
not towards verandah or any other room.

The recommended standard dimensions of common bathroom of various sizes are:

21 | P a g e
4) Store Room:

Minimum Area:  The minimum area of store room should not be less than 3 sq. m.

The height of Room: The Storeroom should not be less than 2.2 m. The recommended standard
dimensions of store room of various sizes are as below:

5) Garage: Garage for house Minimum Area:  The minimum area of garage should not be less than
12.5  sq. m.

The height of Room: The Garage should not be less than 2.4 m.

6) Stair Case: Building Bye Law for Civil Engineers Minimum Size of Side:  The minimum width of the
stair is 1 m.

The height of Stair: The minimum clear headroom shall be 2.2 m

Other Requirement:
1. The minimum width of tread without nosing shall be 250 mm for residential buildings.

2. The maximum height of rising shall be 190 mm for residential buildings.

Plinth height: The height of the plinth shall not be less than 450 mm from the surrounding ground
level. A height of 600 mm is the best from drainage or other considerations.

Parapet wall: Parapet walls and hand-rails provided on the edges of roof terraces, balcony,
verandah, etc. shall be not less than 1.05 m and not more than 1.20 m in height from the nished oor
level.

23 | P a g e