Presentation Summary

• Part 1 – Battery Stored Energy for Hybrid

Application
• Main Challenges (Failure Mode) of Battery
• Polymer Gel Battery
• Tubular Gel Battery
• REX – Renewable Energy Storage Battery

• Part 2 Case Study – Mobax/ Digicel PNG Site

Battery Stored Energy for Hybrid
Application
 Key Expectation for Solar Storage Battery
• Long Design Life (15 to 20 years)
• Long Cycle Life for Cyclic & Float Performance
• Deep Discharge Performance ( Long Period of Discharge)
• Fast Recharge Capability & Good Recovery of Overdischarge
• Good Overcharge performance and High Current Discharge
• High Recombination Efficiency
• Operation Temperature (-40C to 55C)
• Low self discharge for long period storage
• Safety and Reliability Design Container
• Maintenance Free – No service requirement
• No “Thermal Runaway Effect”
 Pb+PbO2+2H2SO4↔2PbSO4+2H20 + è
What are my key features?
VRLA

Design
freedom
Main Challenges “failure modes” of Battery
◆positive plate: active decline
◆negative plate: sulphation
Active material soften Active material Capacity
sulphation Capacity decrease
efficiency decrease
Plate utility Efficiency decrease decrease
Active material efficiency decrease
Plate loosen contact between
Grid Corrosion
extension active material and grids

◆electrolyte: dry out ◆separator failure

Lower pressure and lost contact to
Resistance between plates increase
Water plates due to leak of water
loss
Stronger Positive plate Capacity
electrolyte Capacity decrease Dendrite penetrate
corrosion decrease

Electrolyte Battery failure Battery failure

leakage

◆container, Seal Air enter Negative plate Battery thermal

valve aging
failure (absorb O2) capacity decrease failure run away
General VRLA Battery : Oxygen recombination principle
Solar Design Oxygen recombination principle
Narada Battery Models For Renewable
Storage Energy
Application
Telecoms, UPS, Utilities, Rail,
Wind & Solar Renewable Energy
Hybrid Application- STORAGE ENERGY
 Polymer Gel and Acid AGM

All of the internal structure are the

same:
•Positive Plates
•Negative Plates
•AGM Seperator
•Etc.

Main Difference is in its

ELECTROLYTE Formula

The internal structure of both AGM and Polymer Gel 11

 The difference between Polymer Gel-
Battery and Acid-AGM battery

Actually the only difference between Polymer Gel and Acid-

AGM is the Electrolyte Design

Gel-AGM Acid-AGM
Diluted Sulfuric
Electrolyte Diluted Sulfuric Acid
Acid + SiO2 Gel

12
The Features of Deep discharge Polymer GEL
Battery for Solar Energy Storage Application

1. Lower density of acid.

2. Larger volume of electrolyte.

3. Better on prevent electrolyte stratification

4. Better high & low temperature performance.

13
 Battery-Lower density of acid

1. Lower density of acid

Take General Battery ( UPS Application) and Deep Discharge Battery (
Solar Application) as the samples.
Model Density of Acid Advantage
General
1.30g/cm3
Type Lower density of acid, lower positive
Solar corrosion rate and higher charging
Applicatio 1.29g/cm3 acceptance at same charge voltage
n

14
 Battery-Lower density of acid
The advantage of lower density of acid:
a) Lower charging voltage relatively
b) Lower residual current relatively
c) Higher charge acceptance relatively

15
 High Temperature Performance -
Accelerated life
d) High temperature Accelerated life

Polymer
Gel battery
80% Capacity

General
AGM
Battery

16
Gel-AGM Battery - High Electrolyte Volume
2. Electrolyte Volume: High
The electrolyte was solidificated by Gel, then the filled electrolyte could be higher
than Acid-AGM battery

(Take Eos-500 and EosG-500 as the samples)

Electrolyte
Model Rate
volume
General Type 7990+35g
Solar 8470/7990*100%=106%
8470+40g
Application

17
 Gel-AGM Battery - High Electrolyte Volume

a) Thermal Exchange: Good

The generated heat can easily flow to the case walls because the whole
volume of the cell is filled with gel.
High
Electrolyte b) Thermal Capacity: High
Due to the high electrolyte volume the thermal capacity is high.
Volume
c) Overcharge Resistivity: Good
Due to the high electrolyte volume it is possible to have limited overcharge.

Conclude: Thermal runaway: Very rarely

The system is thermally stable because the residual current is low, the thermal capacity is high
and the thermal exchange rate is good.
18
 Solar Battery features and benefits
Design feature
Advanced high tin low calcuim Alloy
Balanced design of thick plate and
high energy density
High density paste
High purity material
User benefits
Resistance to Plate Corrosion
Loss. Over discharge
recoverablity
more corrosion-proof grids,longer
life
Longer float and cycle life with
quite good high rate performance
Suitable for low current dischage
longer cycle life
Low self-discharge
Longer shelf life
Resistance to thermal runaway
Narada Tubular Gel Battery

Narada Tubular Gel Battery--Internal Structure

Vented Valve Pole

Polarity marks

Connection
Bar

Container
& lid
Introduction of Narada Tubular Gel Battery

Narada Tubular Gel Battery--Internal Structure (Tubular Positive Plate)

frame tube

coat
The Comparison Between Tubular Gel
technology and AGM technology

The Comparison: Appearance & Structure

Tubular
Positive Plate
(for Tubular
Pasted Flat Plate
(for AGM Battery) Gel Battery)
 Narada Tubular Gel Battery - Features
• Tubular Plate Design
• Long life design
• High reliability of sealing and safety
• No thermo-runaway
• Can be used in wide range of temperature, good discharge
performance in low temperature.
• Good performance for deep discharge, and good capacity
recovered performance after deep discharge
• Easy for installation
 Introduction of Narada Tubular Gel Battery
Technical Safeguards：

Feature 1—Long •The positive grid framework is casted

Life Design by multiple alloy, it has excellent
performance of anti-corrosion which will
• Designed float life help to prolong the life of battery.
>15+ years to 20 •The tubular positive plate and high
years
density positive active materials will
• 100% DOD cycle effectively prevent drop and lost of active
life Long cycles
life material
•Low density electrolyte design, with
excellent charge acceptance capability,
and lower the grid corrosion rate.
 Introduction of Narada Tubular Gel Battery
Technical Safeguards:

•Flood type design, volume of

Feature – electrolyte is 20% higher than AGM
Prevents battery. No thermo-runaway happened.
“ thermal •Special PVC-SiO2 separator has been
runaway applied to tubular gel battery.
effect” •Low water-loss in the whole battery life
Introduction of Narada Tubular Gel Battery

Feature ：
• Can be used in wide range of
temperature, good discharge
performance in low temperature
• Good performance for deep
discharge, and good capacity
recovered performance after
deep discharge
New REX battery range

R renewable
E energy
X extra life

• Specially designed for Solar and Wind applications

• Offers eXceptional performance
• The King of Renewable Energy VLRA batteries
REX applications

Solar power (photovoltaic)

Wind Energy
Telecoms, Utilities and UPS
Remote locations
EXtreme environments
Back-up systems with unreliable power sources
REX design features

AGM valve regulated technology

Special anti-erosion alloy
High density separator and paste design
Optimised compression level
Low electrolyte density
eXtra
cycle life
float life
charge
acceptance
REX enhanced
Grid design
Special grid 33Ah 50Ah 75Ah
design

Very low
voltage drop

Improved
discharge
performance

Ideal for long

discharges
REX special alloy

Higher Tin (Sn) content

Much greater resistance to corrosion
Low corrosion current at high temp.
corrosion current(x10-5)

14
12
10
65℃
8
55℃
6
25℃
4
2
0
0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Sn%
 REX special alloy

New lug Alloy has advanced

retiform finning;Resist the
negative lug corrosion

conventional lug Alloy

is easy corrosion
REX electrolyte and active material

• Very low electrolyte density = 1.28g/cm³

– Reduces plate corrosion
– Extends life of battery
• High PAM paste density = >18g/Ah
• Very low PAM and NAM utilization ratio
– More capacity is reserved after each discharge
– Significantly increased cycle life
PAM = Positive Active Material
NAM = Negative Active Material
REX optimised compression level

Optimised compression
level can extreme the
service life
 REX product testing

• Good small current discharge performance

discharge curve
2.30
2.25
2.20
2.15
2.10
2.05
48hr
voltage/V

2.00
72hr
1.95
1.90 120hr
1.85 240hr
1.80
1.75
1.70
1.65
1.60
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320
discharge time/h
 REX product testing
• Long float cycle time for PV user
 REX product testing

• Simulate PV use according to IEC61427 criterion

REX-500 PSOC cycle life curve according to
IEC61427

120%

110%
Capacity(%)

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cycle times（time）
REX comparisons

Criteria Narada REX

Design life Longer than standard AGM batteries due to

optimised lead usage
Recombination Greater than 99%, reducing emissions and
efficiency extending shelf-life
Discharge Lower internal resistance than Tubular Gel gives
performance better large capacity discharge performance

Cost REX offers significant cost savings due to simplified

design compared to Tubular Gel
 Compare Eos (AGM), EosG(GEL), REX(VRLA) and Tubular-Gel (OPzV) battery

Tubular-Gel
REX battery
Item Eos battery EosG batttery battery
(VRLA)
(OPzV)
Technologies AGM Polymer-Gel AGM Tubular Gel
Telecom, UPS, etc Telecom, UPS, Solar, UPS,Utility, Solar, Utility,UPS,
Applications
Solar, etc. Telecom etc. Telecom etc.
Negative plate Positive plate
Positive grid
Positive grid corrupt, sulfure acid, active
Common corrupt,
Water-loss, Positive plate material
Failure Positive plate
Positive plate active active softening,
mode active
material shell material shell, shell, positive
material shell
Water-loss grid corrupt.
Expected
service 15 years 15 years 20 years 20 years
life (20℃)
Cycle life
(with
proper
charge
1000 1200 1600 1700
method
at
80%DOD
@25℃)
Compare Eos (AGM), EosG(GEL), REX(VRLA) and Tubular-Gel (OPzV) battery

Tubular-Gel
REX battery
Item Eos battery EosG batttery battery
(VRLA)
(OPzV)
Operating
-40℃ to 55℃ -40℃ to 55℃ -40℃ to 55℃ -40℃ to 55℃
Temp.
Self-
discharge
2% per months 2% per months <2% per months <2% per months
performa
nce (20℃)
Flat plate Flat plate Tubular plate
Flat plate,
Positive plate Pb-Ca-1.2%Sn Pb-Ca-2.0%Sn Pb-Ca-1.2%Sn
Pb-Ca-1.2%Sn alloy
alloy alloy alloy
Electrolyte Sulfuric acid Gel Sulfuric acid Gel
Weight
(2V500A Approx 37 kg Approx 37.5 kg Approx 48 kg Approx 49 kg
H)
 Compare REX (VRLA) battery, Tubular wet (OPzS) battery and
Tubular-Gel (OPzV) battery
REX battery Tubular wet battery Tubular-Gel battery
Item
(VRLA) (OPzS) (OPzV)
Technologies AGM Flooded (Vented) Gel
Solar, UPS,Utility, Solar, Utility, Solar, Utility,UPS,
Applications telecommunication telecommunication telecommunication
etc. etc. etc.
Negative plate
Negative plate
sulfuric acid, Positive plate active
sulfuric acid,
Common Failure Positive plate active material softening,
Positive plate active
mode material softening, shell, positive grid
material shell,
shell, Group bar corrupt.
Water-loss
corrupt
Expected service life
20 years 20 years 20 years
(20℃)
Cycle life (with
proper charge
1600 2000 1700
method at
80%DOD@25℃)
Approx 120% (vs Approx 135% (vs
Price 100%
REX) REX)
 REX battery Tubular wet battery Tubular-Gel battery
Item
(VRLA) (OPzS) (OPzV)
Operating Temp. -40℃ to 55℃ 0℃ to 55℃ -40℃ to 55℃
Self-discharge
<2% per months 4% per months <2% per months
performance (20℃)
Maintenance No water addition Regular water No water addition
Requirement required addition required required
A separate battery
Not necessary Necessary Not necessary
room
Weight (2V500AH) Approx 39.5 kg Approx 39 kg Approx 39.5 kg
Initial Capacity ★★★ ★★★ ★★
Internal resistance ★★★ ★★★ ★★
High current
★★★ ★★★ ★★
performance
Recovery
performance of ★★★ ★★ ★★
over-discharge
Avoid thermal
★★ ★★★ ★★★
runaway
Safety ★★★ ★★★ ★★★
 REX battery Tubular wet battery Tubular-Gel battery
Item
(VRLA) (OPzS) (OPzV)
Sealing reaction
★★★ ★ ★★
efficiency
Overcharge ★★ ★★★ ★★★
Voltage consistent ★★ ★★★ ★★★
Good high current
discharge, Good cycle life,
low self-discharge, Good high current Good avoid thermal
Good recovery of discharge, runaway, Good
Advantage
over discharge overcharge overcharge
More cost effective performance, performance etc.
than nearest medium price
equivalent etc.
Low sealing reaction
efficiency, low High price,
Low overcharge recovery of low high current,
Disadvantage performance discharge recovery of
voltage consistent, performance, discharge
Discommodious performance
maintenance