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S. Kandasamy
Recommended Citation
Arivalagan, S. and Kandasamy, S., "Flexural and Cyclic Behaviour of Hollow and Concrete-filled Steel
Tubes" (2010). International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures. 5.
https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/isccss/20iccfss/20iccfss-session5/5
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Twentieth International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A., November 3 & 4, 2010
ABSTRACT
237
238
1. INTRODUCTION
Type of mix,
Specimen Sectional Dimensions
Sl.No d/t fy(MPa) and
Label D××B××t (mm)
fck(MPa)
1 RHS-1 100×50×3.2 29.25 Rectangular
2 RHS-2 100×50×3.2 29.25 Hollow Section
Sectional Young’s
Yield Stress fy Ultimate Stress
Dimensions Modulus fu/fy
(MPa) fu (MPa)
D×
×B×
×t (mm) Es (MPa)
3. ANALYTICAL STUDY
3.1 Ultimate moment of resistance based on strain compatibility at
the interface (By Stress-Strain Block approach)
3.2 Finite Element Analysis of the Flexural Behaviour of Hollow Steel and
Concrete-Filled Beams
Material properties used for the steel and the concrete in the Finite
Element Analysis are taken from the results of material testing. The average
stress-strain curve for linear materials of the steel RHS and SHS tubes used in
this model was determined by idealization from the tensile coupon tests. An
elastic-perfectly plastic model was used. The stress-strain curve for concrete
material provided by the ANSYS is linear. The boundary conditions were
applied correctly, at support located at 100mm from end. At support nodal
translations are restrained along all axes and rotations about x axis only
permitted. A figure 3 shows the FEA Concrete-filled Beam model with boundary condition.
is presented in the Figures 4 for concrete filled section. The model presented in
the figure is global co-ordinate system represented in x, y and z-axes. The span
of the beam is 1200 mm. A static linear analysis has been conducted .A
reasonably fine mesh of 50 mm is adopted for mesh modeling of the steel shell
and the concrete core. It is assumed that the strain compatibility exists at the
steel-concrete interface.
50 50
40 40
Load(kN)
Load(kN)
30 30
NMC 20 RHS
20 NM C
FAC
10 10 FAC
QWC
QWC
0 LSC 0
LSC
HS 0 0.005 0.01
0 5 10
Deflection (mm) S train(mm/mm)
The details of the RHS beam test specimen and its corresponding
moments are presented in Table 5. A comparison of experimentally observed
moment carrying capacity of the hollow steel section beams with plastic
moment carrying capacity calculated with the Indian standard codal provisions
is shown in Table 5. It is observed that the experimental values reasonably agree
with the plastic moment capacity.
248
Sectional
Specimen fy Mu(exp) MPlas Mu(exp)/
Sl.No Dimensions
Label (MPa) (kN m) (kN m) MPlas
DxBxt (mm)
1 RHS-1 100×50×3.2 338 10.56 10.00 1.056
2 RHS-2 100×50×3.2 338 10.40 10.00 1.04
3 RHS-3 100×50×3.2 338 10.40 10.00 1.04
Twelve RHS beams filled with normal mix concrete, fly ash
concrete, quarry waste concrete and low strength concrete members were tested
under flexure. The detailed test results of its experimental and theoretical test
values and its comparisons are presented in Table 6.Theoretical ultimate
moment capacity of concrete-filled beams is calculated based on the analytical
expression derived (Eqn.1)in the present work and it is presented in Table 6
along with the experimental moments. It can be seen that analytical expression
closely predicts experimental ultimate moment carrying capacity.
Table 6 Moment carrying capacities for concrete-filled Beams
Sectional
Specimen Mu(exp) Mu(the) Mu(exp)
Sl.No Dimensions
Label (kN m) (kN m) /Mu(the)
DxBxt (mm)
1 NMC-R-1 100×50×3.2 13.86 13.21 1.05
2 NMC-R-2 100×50×3.2 13.70 13.21 1.04
3 NMC-R-3 100×50×3.2 13.70 13.21 1.04
4 FAC–R-1 100×50×3.2 13.20 12.97 1.02
5 FAC–R-2 100×50×3.2 12.87 12.97 0.99
6 FAC–R-3 100×50×3.2 13.04 12.97 1.005
7 QWC-R-1 100×50×3.2 13.04 12.64 1.03
8 QWC-R-2 100×50×3.2 12.87 12.64 1.02
9 QWC-R-3 100×50×3.2 12.71 12.64 1.006
249
40
35
30
25
Load(kN)
20
15
10 Exp
5 FEA
0
0 5 10
Deflection(mm)
Figure 7 FEA and Experimental Load Vs Deflection Figure 8 FEA Strain Contour of
Concrete-filled RHS Beam
4.5 Hysteretic Behaviour
4.5.1 Moment Vs Strain hysteretic Behaviour
15 40
30
10
20
Moment(kN m)
5
10
Load(kN)
0 0
-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-10
-5
-20
-10
-30
-15 -40
Micron strain(mm/mm) Deflection(mm)
The deflection variation for the rectangular section filled with normal
mix concrete is presented in Figure 10. It can be seen that deflections are
generally positive. The beam could not be deflected upward due to the resistance
of the reversal load. The variation is uniform upto four cycles and after that due
to reducing capacity the deflection become negative. It is observed that the
increase of deformation is very difficult to control just after the peak, although
the load is constant at certain loading level. Accordingly, the stiffness decreases
rapidly in concrete-filled beams after it attains the ultimate load.
5. CONCLUSION
1. Beam specimens filled with normal mix concrete, fly ash concrete, quarry
waste concrete and low strength concrete behave flexurally and are capable
of developing the full flexural strength of their sections.
2. The test results show that there is an increase of 28%, 27% and 25% in the
moment carrying capacity of normal mix concrete, fly ash concrete and
quarry waste concrete respectively when compared to hollow steel section.
3. The theoretical expression developed for the calculation of moment of
resistance based on Indian code stress block (Equation 1) closely predicts
the flexural behaviour.
4. The existing international codal formulae (without safety factor) under-
estimates the moment carrying capacity of the concrete filled beams.
5. Concrete filling increases the residual load capacity of thin RHS and SHS
beams to resist cyclic load especially when the transverse displacement
increases.
6. Concrete filling increases the energy absorption especially for hollow steel
sections.
6. Acknowledgement
7.REFERENCE
1. Assi I.M., Qudeimat E.M. and Hunaiti Y.M., ‘Ultimate Moment Capacity of
Foamed and Fly ash Aggregate Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes’, Steel and
Composite Structures, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2003, pp-199-212.
254
NOTATIONS:
Asc : Area of steel tube under compression.
bf : External breath of the section
b : Internal breath of the section
D : External depth of the section
d : Internal depth of the section
t : Thickness of steel section
xu : Depth of neutral axis
Z , Zp , Wpa :Plastic section modulus of the hollow steel tube
Wps : Plastic section modului of the reinforcement
Wpa , Zcon : Plastic section modului of the concrete part of section
(for the calculation of Wpc the concrete is assumed to be uncracked)
fc :Concrete cylinder strength
fcd :Design strength for the concrete
fck : Characteristic strength of concrete
fcu : Characteristic 28-day cube strength of concrete
fyr : Yield strength of reinforcement steel
fy : Yield strength of steel tube
fyd :Design strength for the structural steel
fsd :Design strength for the reinforcement