UNIT 5 CINEMA "Cinema is truth ‘twenty-four times a second." (Jean-Lue Godard, French director) LESSON | IMAGES 1. Discussion Points. Look at the photo below and answer the questions. 1. What does the git’s face express ? Choose from the following: shyness, surprise, joy, embarrassment, playfulness. Explain your choice. 2. Give a ttle to the photo. WORK IN PAIRS. Read the text below. Try to guess the meaning of the words in italics. Photographs have an almost magical way of conjuring up the past. More than two million times each day, a camera shutter clicks somewhere in the world fo take a photograph. There are family snapshots capturing happy memories, dramatic news pictures, advertising and fashion shots, identity photographs, pictures ofthe planet beamed back from satellites in space, and| much more. 2. Here are some dictionary defini find the missing words from the list below. the grid. ns. In pai L. The viewfinder shows ........ of the subject will appear in the picture, 2..A.zoom lens is a photographic lens (curved glass) that can move in from a distant to a .... while keeping what is being photographed in clear focus. 3. Expostite ShOWS jn that must be exposed to take one photograph. 4, snapshot is...» taken with a hand-held camera. 5. To be in (to) / out of focus means (not) having, giving, or being 6. shutter is a part of a camera which ..... for an exact, usually very short time to let light fall on the film, 7. The flash-light is bright light for taking photographs 8. An infrared beam is an infrared a line of light in the dark be how much fan informal photograph e.opens g-aclear picture the amount of film Ih clase view T z z a 3 Ts 7 33} IL.1, Read the sentences below, then match the idiom written in italics with the explanation on the right. 1. They found it difficult to live in the same house because they don't see eve 10 eye,| EXPLANATION 2. Although I haven't seen her for a very long time, in my mind's eye Ican 4. private detective still see her shy, spectacled face. 6. to make someone aware of a 3. When you discuss problems of the generation gap you should look at them ‘ruth through the eyes of your parents as well .to-be in agreement with 4. You should have opened his eyes to his friend's falseness a long time ago. someone 5. They contacted the police but they also hired a private eye to work on the 4. t0.be very observant robbery. «from the point of view of 6. My old school-mate was so changed that I could hardly believe my eyes. f. to mislead or deceive 7-The actress was so beautiful that the spectators were all eyes someone 8. She invented a whole story to excuse herself but she was just pulling the wool |g to doubt the reality of what over our eyes one has seen 9. Make sure_ you clean every speck of dust because my mother has eyes 1. to be very attentive like a hawk iin one's imagination 2, Identify the idioms that have exact equivalents in Romanian, INFO BOX MOVIE CAMERAS The movement we see in the cinema is an illusion. A movie (cinema) film s really a series of still pictures projected on the screen in such quick succession that they seem to merge into one another. If the subject is in a slightly different place in each picture it looks as if itis moving. Most movie cameras take 24 pictures, or frames, every second, on a very long strip of film wound steadily through the camera. The lilm stops while each picture is taken, then advances quickly, ready for the next picture. IV.1. When you are with your friends, or with people that you know well, you behave or speak in a relaxed and. casual rather than ina correct or serious way. Such words or phrases are cailed "informal" and are marked infin! in the dictionary. Here are some such words and phrases taken from the dictionary. Read them. to set off infin! to cause sudden activity in jolly infnt very spud infin! potato reat inf! splendid pretty infin! quite, though not completely; rather come off it! inf! Stop lying or pretending ! rigmarole inf a long, confusing and often meaningless set of actions like anything infin! very much (used in forming phrases that add force) smack infin! a quick, loud, forceful blow 2. Change the following formal sentences into informal ones. a. Do you call these potatoes a decent meal? b. It hurts very much! It's very nice to have a cottage! «. | know it's rather late, but can't we stay a little longer, Mum? £. The film was absolutely wonderful! &, He really gave him a strong blow in the face, h. To get a visa for that country you have to go through a long and confusing process. i. Stop lying! I saw you! j. Just as | was starting for school, the postman brought a leter for me. 3. Read the text on the next page and see the way informal English contributes to the general effect of the story. 82MY CAMERA 1. Justas I was setting off for school, the postman brought a parcel [aanayed@ noid 7 irtat forme. It was a present from Granny -a camera! My Granny is the best | to hug/ hag /~a stringe in braje Granny in the whole world! to flatter / ‘fate /-a enagera calitile (cu dat) "Your mother has some pretty funny ideas!” Dad told Mum. | nought /nort/- zero "What a present to give a child!" Mum was annoyed and she said that |p shrug fog /~ rica din umeri Dad never approved of anything her mother (my Granny) did, and it | ymoosh wu (iter) vii! was wrong to talk like that infront of litte Nicholas, and it was a | pite up pail ap /_ ase stange corchine wonderful present, and asked if T could take my camera to school and Mum said, yes, but mind I didn't get it confiscated. Dad shrugged his shoulders and then he and I looked at the instructions and he showed me how to workit. It was dead casy. HL. At school I showed my camera to Alec, who was sitting next to me, and I said we'd take lots of photographs at break. When I got out in the playground the gang all gathered round. "Now we'll take some photos", I said. "Everyone get into a group!” So all the gang piled up in front of me, even including Cuthbert, who is top of the class and teacher's et IIL. The trouble was, the instructions said to stand four paces away, and my legs are still rather short. So Max ‘measured out the distance for me because he has very long legs with big dirty knees, and then he went and stood with the others. I looked through the little window thing to see if they were all in the picture; I couldn't get Eddie's head in because he's too tall and half of Cuthbert was cut off, the right-hand half. Itwas a pity about the sandwich hiding Alec's face, but he didn’t want to stop cating. They all smiled and I went click! and took the picture. I knew it would be great! "That's fantastic camera!" said Eddie. "Huh!" said Geoffrey. "I've gota much better one that my Dad bought me, with a flash-light.” Everyone started laughing; honestly, Geoftrey will say anything! "What does a flash-light do?" | asked. "Well, it's bright light that goes whoosh ! like a firework and you can take photos in the dark", said Geofltey. "Come off it", I said, "nobody can take photos in the dark, you're a liar!" "Want a smack in the face?" asked Geofftey. "I can hold your camera for you if you like, Nicholas", said Alec. So I gave him my camera, telling him to be careful; was a bit worried because his fingers were all buttery and I was afraid they might slip. We started fighting, and Old Spuds, who was on playground duty but that isnt his real name, came running up and separated us. "What's going on now?" he asked. "I's Nicholas”, said Alec, "he's fighting Geoffrey because his camera doesn't have fireworks to go off inthe dark". "Don't talk with your mouth full’, said Old Spuds, "and what's all this rigmarole about a camera?" So Alec gave him the camera, and Old Spuds said he had a good mind to confiscate it. "Oh please, si, no, sir!" I said. "Very well," said Old Spuds, "you can keep it, but you must be good and not fight any more, understand? Look me intheeye, boy!" So promised like anything IV. Athome that evening, [told Dad and Mum that I want to take a picture of them."Oh, look, Nicholas, 'm tired”, said Dad. "Put that camera away and let me read my paper." "Don't be so unkind", Mum told him. "Why spol the child's fun? "Dad sighed heavily and stood beside Mum and I took the last six pictures onthe film. Yesterday, Dad developed the film and brought the pictures home."I must say, your son doesn't exactly flatter you!" Dad told Mum, and laughed, and Mum took the photographs and said it was time for supper. ‘What I don’t understand is why Mum changed her mind, now she says Dad was right, 2 camera isnot the kind of toy togivea lttleboy. Andshe put my camera right atthe top of the cupboard, {adapted from ") icholas and the Gang" by Goscinny and Sempe) 4.Read the text and explain the following sentences in your own words. a. "It was dead easy"; b. "The teacher's pet"; e. "So all the gang piled up in front of me"; d. "Want a smack in the face’ ¢."He hada good mind to confiscate it’; f."Tknew it would be great!";g."So I promised like anything" V. Choose from: 1. Re-write the story as Nicholas will tell it in 20 years time to his friends (half a page). Remember: ~ to change from informal to formal language (see activity 1V.4.) to switch from direct to indirect speech —to pay attention to details (people forget in time!) 2. Write a 250 - word story entitled "My First Camera".LESSON 2 MOVING IMAGES Discussion points. WORK IN GROUPS. You have received three invitations for three different films, running on the same night. ‘The titles are: "DEATH ON THE NILE” "LOVE STORY” Decide which invitation you will accept and why. "STAR TREK" ms the gaps in the sentences below. Use the words on the right. 1. "Gone with the Wind", the "Tongest film ever made”, has its... (1) based on. Margaret Mitchell's best-selling novel. Special... (2) reconstructed the American Civil War, . The classic musical, "The Wizard of Oz" (1939) was a... (3) with cinema audiences from the start, Before that, the book had already been ... (4) in two other versions, }. Some of the most amazing special-effects as well as breath-taking scenes performed by .... (5) were cluded in the space adventure movie ~ "Star Wars’ tar Wars" was followed by two .... (6), "The Empire Strikes Back" and "The Return ofthe Jedi". Peter O'Toole and Omar Sharif... (7) in director David Lean's movie, "Lawrence of Arabia", 10 shoot (shot, shot) a film ~ to make a file ». hit -a record, play or film that is very popular and successful «. seript the written version of a play, film or television programme 4d. sequel -@ book or film which continues the story of the earlier one. . to re-edit a film - to choose some of the material that has been filmed and arrange it in a particular order £.10 release a film, a record or video - to let people see it or buy it 8.10 star -to have as a main performer hi set (fora play, film or) - the furniture or scenery on the stage or inthe studio produced in 1962. In 1989 a longer, ... (8) version of the film was (9) with even greater success. i, stunt-artst - 1 man whose job is to do dangerous things in films 2. WORK IN GROUPS. Exchange opinions on your favourite film(s). Refer also to types of films. WESTERN (dealing with life in the western part of US in the times of the wars with the American Indians, or one with cowboys, sheriffs ete.); HORROR (the subject ‘matter and treatment are intended to arouse feelings of extreme fear); SLAPSTICK (comedy of a basic physical kind e.g. throwing buckets of water or custard pies); DOCUMENTARY; CARTOON (made by photographing a series of drawings); THRILLER (excitement and emotional appeal are essential elements): COMEDY; DETECTIVE (?); CRIME (?); PSYCHOLOGICAL (?); SUSPENSE (); MUSICAL, ADVENTURE; HISTORICAL; ROMANCE, etc © 3. What do you think about these two opinions? Work in pairs, exchanging ideas. a The cinema is the art of the 20th century. b. The spoken word is tending to replace the written word in our lives IIL, When we speak we adopt an attitude towards what we say. We consider the content of the sentence - possible, impossible, necessary, etc. This attitude is also called MODALITY. One means of expressing modality is by MODAL VERBS. 1. Say what modal meaning / attitude the modal verbs below express. Choose from the alternatives in brackets in each case, If. at the end ofa conversation, somebody says to me, ‘As soon as Tknow; I(1) will (obligation / promise?) ring you up’ he is Proposing to attempt the impossible. So (2) have to (necessity / possibilty?) say. 'm afraid you can’t (refusal or impossibility?) Yousee, [just haven't gota telephone. Reactions to this are various. Some people may (probability / possibility?) say, ‘Oh, but you (3) must (necessity /obligation?) shave a telephone! ‘as if they thought I had forgotten about it. Some people would say," How terribly inconvenient! How (4) can (Permission / ability?) you do without a telephone? ‘And some (5) might (vague probability /vague possibility”) say, ‘Oh, you wise ‘man, how L envy you! I (6) should (moral obligation / necessity?) do the same! ‘But the usual reaction is astonishment, and find ‘myself being stared atas a wild eccentric, especially when somebody says, ‘Wellif1(7) cant (refusal /impossibility?) ring you up, perhaps you'llring me up’, and reply, Perhaps; but'm more likely to write to you (adapted trom On Nor Answering the Telephone, Wh 842. Rewrite the sentences below using modal verbs and making any other necessary changes. The first one has been done for you. Perhaps the weather will be very hot there. > The weather can / may be very hot there. Itis impossible that he was so rude. wish you were more attentive! You are permitted to have the book if you want it. Do you mind if I ask you fora glass of water? Do you need my help? I suggest you try some of these cakes. They are delicious. Itis essential to drink water to live. 9. You are not supposed to learn it by heart. 10, Never say that again, 11. Lam not able to find my pen. It seems [left it at home, 12. He refuses to do anything, 3. Fill in the blanks with modal verbs. Consider the brackets and the modal meanings / attitudes in the box. Situation: An elegant and beautiful lady enters a restaurant. PROBABILITY ‘An envious woman: "She (J think she probably is...) be at least forty, although she looks so young." ‘VOLITION cinema producer: "I... I definitely need to) find out who she is. I wll offer her the main part in my new film." PERMISSION A waiter: "see ( Let me) I show you to your table, Madam?" ADVICE/SUGGESTION/ A clothes designer: "She ...... I wish she were...) be dressed differently. A green RECOMMENDATION shawl might have added to her beauty." ‘The man waiting for DEDUCTION heratthetable: "You are late again, So you... ( I deduce) go to the theatre every evening, after al.” OBLIGATION The lady herself; “Sorry, I (U have no choice). | am an actress." REMEMBER! ‘Youuse "do","does” or "did" when you want to make question using "have to” and "not have to”. e.g. How often do youhave to buy bread? (instead of How ofien have you to buy bread?) You normally use "had to", not “had got to" for the past, in informal English. e.g. Have you got to see a specialist?No, but Thad to seemy GP. Cannot” means'It isnot possible’; "May not” means'Itis possible that something does not happen. e.g, That can't betrue; That may not be true, but on the other hand, itmay be (true). ‘We do not ask questions about possibility with "May". Instead, we use "Can/Could” "Could" and" Might” are more polite than "ean and" may”. JACK & SAM. = SOAP OPERA Soap operas have little if anything, to do with real operas. They are popular radio and television serials about the daily emotional lives and problems of the Same group of people. They first appeared in the US and were called soap operas because they were paid for by soap-making companies. Television soap operas are very popular in Britain too. Some of them are British, like ‘Coronation Street’ 'East Enders’ and ‘Brooks ‘Some of them are American, like ‘Dallas!, ‘Dynasty’, "Falcon Crest’ or ‘Guiding Light’. Generally the American soap operas are very glamorous, The characters are very rich and powerful ‘They're oil millionaires or property tycoons. "The British programmes, however, ae about ordinary people, And critics claim that they do not present a balanced picture of real life. They note that almost every ine in @ soap opera has a serious emotional problem or is guilty of some crime. ‘Yet soap opera fans do not care what the etitics say and some ofthese programmes are so popular that they have been produced with the same actor for many years.IV.1. WORKIN PAIRS, Modal verbs are not the only way of expressing attitude. Have a look at the text below. Work with your partner to LE cn sh y Delete ir ‘who won an Academy Ard for "The Faces of Eve" when she was 28.Yet she cangure 4. What does a ‘to our table", recalls Susan Newman, Paul Newman daughter. "! “Thust tell you that even 4 I Be a © 3. You participate in an audition to get a part in a film. You are requested to illustrate various attitudes through a different intonation patterns, Read the sentences below in a loud voice. 1. The car is waiting outside. (certainty, impatience) 2. Don't be late! (advice, warning) 3. Yes, who is it? (curiowty, boredom, neutrality) 4. Is that your new dress? (possibility, anger)LESSON 3 THE WAY TO STARDOM 1. Discussion points. Using your experience as cinema-goers or TV viewers work in groups to decide how these people are presented on the screen. Think of the credits at the beginning or the end of a film. e.g. the actors and actresses (the cast) > STARRING... the writer > SCRIPT BY... the producer the director the cameraman the editor the composer the sound technician the lighting engineer Voeuee INFO BOX CERTIFICATES In Britain there are five kinds of certificates for films and videos. Universal". Anybody can sce the film. PG, "Parental Guidance". This means that young children can't sce the film alone 12 nobody under 12 is allowed in. nobody under 15 is allowed in. nobody under 18 is allowed in. TLL. Look at actress Ingrid Bergman. She is said to have been beautiful. Do you agree? Why (noo)? 872. WORK IN PAIRS. Scan the following article and find: 1. the qualities necessary for an actress to succeed 2. the films for which Ingrid Bergman won Oscars ‘Asa child, Ingrid Bergman's prayer was "Don't let my life be dull” Tt wasn't Even as a young girl her one ambition was to be an actress. Early orphaned by the death of her mother when she was three and of her father (the most important influence on her) ten years later, Ingrid \was cared for by an uncle, who at first opposed her desire to go on the stage because he thought it would bring her disappointment and unhappiness. Nevertheless, seeing her earnestness and determination, he permitted her to audition for the ROYAL DRAMATIC SCHOOL in Stockholm. She was accepted, and after only a year of study began to appear in Swedish films, very Soon winning critical acclaim for her performances. Following this early success in Sweden, she ‘went to Hollywood at the age of twenty-three, and almost overnight became a star. Her fresh, natural ‘appearance - she refused to use makeup - contlicted with the artificial style then popular, But it was this, very difference, together with her considerable natural talent, strength of character, and developed acting skills, which made her the top movie actress in the United States and other countries for many years. Ingrid Bergman is probably best remembered for such pictures as CASABLANCA, FOR WHOM THE, BELL TOLLS, SPELLBOUND, NOTORIOUS, GASLIGHT and ANASTASIA (winning "Oscars the Motion Picture Academy's highest award - for the last two). However, she also made movies in Italy, and appeared in several stage plays in the United States, London and Paris. The parts she played in her mature years revealed facets that her earlier roles only hinted at. In CACTUS FLOWER she ‘demonstrated an aptitude for comedy; in MURDER ON THE ORIENT EXPRESS her remarkable work in a small supporting role won her an award for best supporting actress. Her portrayal of the title role in the television drama A WOMAN CALLED GOLDA. seemed a fiting climax to her career. It required her to call on reserves of courage and strength as well as talent - qualities that found inspired expression in her characterization (from Reader's Digest) [©S] 1m.1. vow are going to hear a Radio broadcast with and abou lgrd Bergman, Listen and answer these. 1, How many people are talking in the interview you've just heard? 2. Are they all actually present in the studio at the time of 2 the broadcast). isten again and decide whether the following statements are T (True), F (False) the broadcast?” VM (Not Mentioned in NM 1. She didn't enjoy acting in For Whom the Bell Tolls. 2. At the time of the interview, Ingrid Bergman was 67. 3. She was born in London, profession, 4. Ingrid Bergman welcomed any changes to her looks required by her 5, David O. Selznick directedGone with the Wind. 6. People who had worked with her liked her very much, 7.All Things Considered is a new film with Ingrid Bergman, ® 3, Work in groups of four to decide on Ingrid Bergman's: avattitude to life _b. attitude to her profession IV. TAKE-AWAY. Write a 200-word personality study school newspaper, PROJECT WORK: PERSONAL MUSEUM At hot actress and make a collage for your museum. Write a . attitude to film-making about Ingrid Bergman for a magazine or for your me find pictures or infe about your favourite actor or sentence or two about each picture,—_T., or or LESSON 4 FROM BOOKS TO FILMS 1, Discussion points. T Conyou name one film you have seen that was based ona famous book? Did you enjoy i Why (nol)! Seon sen anny Awards winners were based on famous books. Find the writer on whose work they were made, 1940 - Gone With the Wind 1941 - Rebecea 1949 - Hamlet 1957 - Around the World in 80 Days 1964 Tom Jones f 1965 - My Fair Lady cece William Shakespeare Henry Fielding George Bernard Shaw Daphne du Maurier Margaret Mitchell Jules Verne _ Rea this article and answer the questions in the right-hand column to find out afew things about how it is written. OF MICE AND MEN Christopher Jones looks at how a great novel makes the transition to a memorable film. Many a good film starts life as a novel. But a good novel doesn't always make a good film. Indeed, in the past the novel used to be perhaps the only effective way of reaching a mass audience with a particular story. This is not the case today however; one of the 20th century's most important contributions to mankind must surely be the visual entertainment industry. By this I mean specifically TY, film and video technology. These devices have ‘undoubtedly given rise to a whole new range of exciting, creative expression and have also made story-telling completely accessible, For example it is estimated that over 700 million people worl: have seen part of the Star Wars trilogy ! ‘So today instead of reading a book that might take a couple of days, many people head for the cinema, get the video or watch it on "TV where they get a chance to see classic and modem day stories really brought to life. le Currently making this transition from paper to the silver sereen is a new film version of "Of Mice and Men", the GCSE English literature favourite, written by John Steinbeck. ‘The story is a classic tale set in the USA in the midst of the 1930's depression era, It tells of the struggle and hard work that ordinary working class farm workers had to put up with just to earn ‘living on the California ranches. Specifically it focuses on George ‘and Lennie who have a dream to, one day, own a farm of their own. However, all is not so simple: Lennie is a little bit retarded and thus constantly needs to be watched by George. Indeed, Lennie and George's dream is one that ultimately will not come true. The tragedy explodes when Lennie accidentally kills Curly's wife, played by Sherilyn Fenn of Twin Peaks fame. The film faithfully reproduces the spirit and emotions of this ‘great novel and John Malkovich who plays Lennic the giant, A. INTRODUCTION (statement of belief) 1. Can you find Christopher Jones's own beliefis) on the matter? Where do you expect to find i/them - at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the paragraph? 2, Notice the use of connectors: indeed, $0, ‘etc. to give unity to the argumentation. B. BODY (examples + development of ideas) 1. What is the example offered to the ‘statements in the INTRODUCTION? 2. How does the author develop his ideas? Choose from among these: 4a. shows how the film was shot b. presems a critical view of Steinbeck’s novels c: presents the oulline of the story: d. gives us his opinions on the actors performance; ¢. introduces quotes from authorities on the ‘matter. 89invests his character with all the innocent dignity he has in the book Likewise George played by Gary Sinise is equally capable appearing genuinely caring and thoughtful in his role. The film is also beautifully shot with golden sunlight often bathing the dry Californian fields. The images I had dreamt up from the book were put before my eyes. As the Swedish Literary Academy pointed out when John Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel prize for literature in 1962, the author had "great feeling for nature, for the tilled soil, the mountains and the ocean coasts... in the midst of, and beyond, the world of human beings". The Academy also noted his sympathy for "the oppressed, the misfits, the distressed”, all of which are to be found, not only in Steinbeck’s books but also in this new film, A good story is a good story in whatever medium, but that said sometimes the transition from book to film can ruin the original if it is not made with the right heart. This film is almost as convincing as the book and that adds up to the best of both worlds. (from Early Times) 3. A novel is made up of plot, characters, descriptions, the novelist's commentaries, etc. Which of these will be preserved and which will be lost ina film? Is Christopher Jones interested in the whole novel or in that part of it which can be rendered in a film? © CONCLUSION Does the last paragraph contain facts or opinions? What facts or whose opinions? IIL. TAKE-AWAY. Write a newspaper article about Francis Ford Coppola's film "Dracula" based on Bram Stoker's book. In order to do this go through steps 1-5 below. 1. Read the articles on the next page published in THE EUROPEAN afer the release of the 2. Use the plan on the right. 3. Decide which sentences from the articles you are going to {quote in the INTRODUCTION, which in the BODY and which in the CONCLUSION (also use the USEFUL LANGUAGE box above). 4. Add your own opinions about this type of film, a film based on a book 5. Use the article at activity Il as a model. You may quote from it too! Apiece of advice: a long article is seldom read and very often misses the point. 90 INTRODUCTION: 1. mention of: a. the director ofthe film b. the main character ¢. the author of the book 2, statement of belief BODY: I. facts about how Bram Stoker wrote his novel | | 2. facts about: | a. the locale of the novel - Transylvania b. the relationship between Dracula (the character) and Vlad the Impaler (the historic figure) 3. facts and opinions about Coppola's film CONCLUSION: your opinions about the film* FANGED ATTRACTION x FROM TRANSYLVANIA J by Maurice Hindle ther ‘When cinema goers see Frank Coppola's stylish - new DRACULA, many may be stimulated to return o the classic Gothie thriller, written by Bram Stoker and published in 1897, that inspired the film, Those sho do so may easly conclude from the descriptions Stoker gives of Eastern Europe that he must have ravelled to Transylvania - which we all now sssoviate with Count Dracula and vampires - in der to research the habitat of his 15th century . What are words for you? Choose from the metaphors below and explain your choice. weapons, mirrors masks pictures tools bridges (19th century American poet) ILL. Its said that "Words are bridges we build 10 reach each other". The meaning of a very simple STATEMENT depends ‘on the CONTEXT in which it was spoken, the person who utters it, who the listener is, where the discussion is taking place. Here are some examples. Read them aloud in different ways, according to ATTITUDE and EMOTION. In these matters English is like Romanian; in order to express our attitude we underline it using STRESS and INTONATION. ‘STATEM! CONTEXT HIDDEN MEANING ‘ATTITUDE? EMOTION Friends coming on a surprise | I. ‘Nobody's at home! What a pity! ippointment visit. ‘We wanted to tell them the good One member of the family to | 2. ‘Something is wrong with the | Annoyance "There is no light | someone in the house. electricity age in the house.” A thief who wants to break | 3.°I could try now..." Relief into the house. ‘An anxious neighbour. 4.'I wonder what has happened? —_| Concern ‘They should have retuned by now!" {after an idea from Challenge to Think, C, Frank, M. Rinvolueri, M. Berer) . GROUP WORK. Choose a statement and complete the HIDDEN MEANING and ATTITUDE / EMOTION columns the grid below. STATEMENT (CONTEXT HIDDEN MEANING | ATTITUDE) ‘Somebody looking at an old photo of ? ? yours. |OTION You have been desperately waiting for 2 2 ‘your friend to come to lend you a helping "Is that you?" hand. There is a knock at the door. Late at night, am unexpected noise in the ? 2 Jjoining room. ‘Two girls talking about their friend's 2 2 marriage | (Tthought you | 1 teacher this studeat ? ? knew." Somebody who has received the expected ? ? 3. Now work with your partner to create yes ews erid, similar to the ones above. Ask a neighbouring team to fill ‘in one / two column(s).. 97INFO BOX THE GOOD-NIGHT BALLADS ‘The Elizabethan spectator, even the very simple ‘one, was familiar with the so-called 'good:-night’ ballads. These ballads were composed to mourn for a person sentenced to death. They became almost a genre of poetry in the 16-17th centuries, and they symbolised a sort of farewell to the world. The great English romantic, George Gordon Byron was influenced by this type of ballad in his poem *Childe Harold” (Canto [, the Good-night song), HILL, The Elizabethan actor could not rly on the effets produced on the modern stage by lighting, scenery and sound effects, He had to make a direct appeal to the spectators’ emotions and imagination by means of the text. The power of ‘Shakespeare's words resides especially in the way he combined them and used their meaning in context. Read this example from Hamlet. Work with your partner to complete the ATTITUDE / EMOTION column. ‘STATEMENT ‘CONTEXT HIDDEN MEANING | ATTITUDE7 EMOTION T.Itis midnight and the guards are «This time to leave. Our night changing; they discuss about what happened | watch has ended.’ Juring their night watch, ».'Be carefull Night is full of| BERNARDO: Well, good night. [..] ceric things that keep on SCO: Give you good night...) | making the same sound!" ISCO: Give you good night. [..] ELLUS: What! has this thing ."Lam an Elizabethan so the appeared again tonight? [..] «good: night ballad» instantly "Good night" 1,112) echoed in my mind! 2. Ophelia loved Hamlet, By mistake '& Ophelia has gone mad Hamlet kills her father. Crazed by grief, she will drown, >. an unconscious farewell OPHELIA: Good night, ladies: good night, sweet ladies, good night, good night. (WV, 5, 72-74) 3. These are the words spoken by Hamict's | a. My bestfriend is dead” bestfriend, Horatio, at the end of the play. ». ‘He suffered so much while HORATIO: Now cracks a noble heart: good | he lived; maybe death night’) night, sweet prince. will give him the peace good’) (2,321) he always missed. 2. Read the excerpts from Romeo and Juliet Is this "good night’ different from the one in Hamlet? What attitude / ‘emotion is involved here? JULIET: Good night, good night! parting is such sweet sorrow to part with - se despa de That | shall say good night il tbe morrow 43) |, morrow (poetic) - morning more light it grows -s¢ JULIET: Come, night! come, Romeo! come, tho day night! (ll, 2) Tumincazd tot mai mult (de JULIET: 0! now be gone: more light and light it grows a ees ROMEO: More light and light more dark and dark our woes. (lS) © 3.18'night’ an enemy or a friend for Romeo and Juliet? Why does Juliet call Romeo ‘day in night"? 98H YOUR PARTNER. Arrange the underlined words under the headings LIGHT and DARKNE ROMEO: ©, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! Ie scems she hangs upon the cheek of night Like a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ean as DARKNESS ROMEO; Lady, by yonder blessed moon I swear That tips with silver all these fruit-tree tops- JULIET: ©, swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon, That monthly changes in her circled orb, Lest that thy love prove likewise variable ay — — 2. WORK WITH YOUR PARTNER. Read t then answer the question, In Romeo and Juliette beauty and intensity of love are shown by Shakespeare asthe irradiating glory of starlight and sunlight in a dark world. The dominating image is LIGHT, in all forms and manifestations. {tis not by chance that, at the end, when Romeo thinks Juliet dead looking at her, he exclaims: "her beauty makes This vault a feasting presence full of light. wy On the other hand, the whole play is pervaded by the swiftness with which everything happens. Shakespeare compresses the action from over nine months to an interval of five days. The lovers meet on Sunday, are Wedded on Monday, part on Tuesday at dawn and are reunited through death on Thursday night. 3. What elements belonging to the field of LIGHT are also associated with swiftness and brilliance, accompanied by danger and destruct Choose from: glory - siralucire vault cripta to feast -a incdnta, a desfata to pervade - a strabate swiftness - iujeala 0 compress - a comprima at dawn - jn zori SMOKE FIRE STARS GUNPOWDER SUN LIGHTNING 4. Check yourself? {The following lines may be regarded as Shakespeare's answer to the question above, See if you have given the same answer as Shakespeare, it is 100 rash, 100 unadvised, too sudden ent delights have violent ends, Too like the lightning. i triumph die: like fire and powder we Which as they kiss consume 1, 6)& 5. atiwriters go through a process of word selection, choosing those which suit their message. Select one word to ‘the blanks in the lines from Romico and Julie, then explain why you made that particular choice. [Nigit’s (torches / candles / fires) are burned out, and jocund day. Stands (sleeping / tiptoe / waiting) on the misty mountain (slopes / back / tops) (ill 5) INFO BOX SHAKESPEARE'S FLOWERS Tnnumerable passages from Shakespeare provide evidence of his love and knowledge of plants and herbs. His knowledge of flowers was not that of a botanist but rather of a countryman gifted with a keen sense of observation which noted the colour, the form and the smell of particular flowers and plants. ROSE ‘Shakespeare mentions roses more frequently than any other flower, particularly the red and white ones, emblems of the Houses of York and IM say she looks as clear {s morning rases newly washed (The Taming of the Shrew, Il,1) LILY Shakespeare uses it to symbolise whiteness or purity. Y a ie VIOLET ‘Shakespeare refers to the violet in matchless poetic terms. Violets dim, But sweeter than the lids of Juno's eves, Or Cytherea’s breath (The Winter's Tate, 4) ANNE HATHAWAY'S COTTAGE GARDEN ‘The garden of Anne Hathaway's Cottage at Shottery, the picturesque thatched farmhouse is famous the world over. Famous because with its infinite variety of colour, the fragrance of its flowers and herbs, and the restful beauty of its orchard blossom, it affords an almost perfect setting, for this gem of early domestic architecture. Old red and white roses, perennial posy peas and jasmine cling to the half-timbered walls of the cottage, Favourites in the garden include "bold oxlips and the crown imperial” and "hot lavender" (The Winter's Tale); and rosemary "for remembrance” (Hamlet); daisies, violets and primroses, columbines, pinks and milk thistles; hollyhocks and foxgloves. Anne's orchard beyond, with its aged frut trees and profusion of wild flowers, adds further delight in spring and summer. (after The Shakespearian Gardens, Dr. Levi Fox)