PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT

PADA KARYAWAN DINAS KESEHATAN PROPINSI PAPUA

TESIS

Untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

mencapai derajat sarjana S-2

Minat Utama Perilaku dan Promosi Kesehatan

Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Jurusan Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan

Oleh:

AGUSTINUS TIMISELA
NIM : 16840/PS/IKM/2005

Kepada

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA
YOGYAKARTA
2007
 ABSTRACT

Background: Indonesia is currently facing problems of high rate infectious

diseases as well as increasing degenerative disease. Poor environmental
conditions and inappropriate behavior in maintaining clean and healthy life in the
community are most probably the main cause of the problem. The
implementation of clean and healthy lifestyle program established by the
government still encounters lots of problems one of which is in the Province of
Papua. The success of the program will be affected by the presence of role
model of health staff in the community. However, the result of observation
indicates that many health staff still adept unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking
and having alcoholic drinks which they even do in the health office areas.

Objective: To study the relationship between characteristics of staff, exposure to

promotion, knowledge and attitude toward the implementation of clean and
healthy lifestyle in the Health Office of the Province of Papua.

Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Data analysis
used univariable, bivariable and multivariable methods. Subject of the study were
the total population and there was no sampling. The independent variables
consisted of knowledge, attitude, demographic characteristics and experience
with intervention of clean and healthy lifestyle. The dependent variable was
staff's action in the implementation of clean and healthy lifestyle. Research
instruments used were questionnaires. Statistical analysis used regression and
logistic regression.

Result: 1) Education and sex had relationship with staff's behavior toward clean
and healthy lifestyle; 2) Knowledge of staff about clean and health lifestyle had
relationship with staffs behavior toward clean and healthy lifestyle; 3) Attitude of
staff about clean and healthy lifestyle had relationship with staff's behavior
toward clean and healthy lifestyle; 4) Experience of staff with exposure to health
information media such as leaflet, books, stickers and local television had
relationship with staff's behavior toward clean and healthy lifestyle; 5) Age and
length of work had no relationship with staff's behavior toward clean and healthy
behavior; 6) Experience of staff with exposure to media such as radios,
socialization with health promotion section, t-shirts, posters, audio cassettes, key
holders and colleagues had no relationship with staff's behavior toward clean
and healthy lifestyle.

Conclusion: Education and behavior of staff were the most dominant factors
affecting behavior of staffs of the health office at the Province of Papua toward
clean and healthy lifestyle.

ix
 INTISARI

Latar Belakang: Indonesia saat ini menghadapi permasalahan masih tingginya

angka penyakit infeksi juga peningkatan penyakit degeneratif. Buruknya kondisi
lingkungan serta belum baiknya perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di masyarakat
diduga menjadi penyebab permasalahan tersebut. Implementasi program
Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) yang telah dicanangkan pemerintah,
masih menemui banyak kendala di berbagai daerah, salah satunya adalah di
Propinsi Papua. Keberhasilan program akan dipengaruhi oleh adanya
contoh/panutan dari petugas kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Namun demikian, hasil
pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa para petugas kesehatan masih banyak yang
menjalankan pola-pola perilaku tidak sehat seperti merokok dan mengkonsumsi
minuman beralkohol, yang bahkan dilakukan di lingkungan kantor Dinas
Kesehatan.

Tujuan: Mengkaji keterkaitan antara karakteristik karyawan, paparan

penyuluhan, pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap pelaksanaan PHBS di lingkungan
kantor Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Papua.

Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan menggunakan

rancangan cross sectional. Analisis data menggunakan univariat, bivariat dan
multivariat. Analisis statistik menggunakan korelasi dan regresi logistik. Subjek
penelitian adalah keseluruhan populasi dan tidak ada pencuplikan. Variabel
bebas adalah pengetahuan, sikap, karakteristik demografi dan pengalaman atas
intervensi PHBS. Variabel terikat adalah tindakan karyawan dalam implementasi
PHBS. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner.

Hasil: 1) Karakteristik tingkat pendidikan, jenis kelamin memiliki keterkaitan

dengan perilaku/tindakan karyawan tentang PHBS; 2) Tingkat pengetahuan
karyawan tentang PHBS memiliki keterkaitan dengan perilaku karyawan
terhadap PHBS; 3) Sikap karyawan tentang PHBS memiliki keterkaitan dengan
perilaku karyawan tentang PHBS; 4) Pengalaman karyawan atas paparan media
informasi kesehatan berupa leaflet, buku, stiker dan televisi lokal memiliki
keterkaitan dengan perilaku karyawan tentang PHBS; 5) Karakteristik umur, lama
kerja, tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan perilaku karyawan tentang PHBS; 6)
Pengalaman karyawan atas paparan media radio, penyuluhan seksi promkes,
media kaos, media poster, kaset audio, media gantungan kunci dan teman
kantor tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan perilaku karyawan tentang PHBS.

Kesimpulan: Tingkat pendidikan dan sikap karyawan merupakan faktor yang

paling dominan memberikan pengaruh kepada perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat
karyawan Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Papua.

Kata Kunci: pengetahuan, sikap, PHBS, karyawan, pengalaman intervensi,

perilaku