Annex1B to DepEd Order No. 42, s.

2016

GRADES 1 TO 12 School Grade Level ELEVEN/TWELVE

DAILY LESSON Teacher Learning Area PHYSICAL SCIENCE
LOG Teaching Dates and Quarter SECOND
Time
I.OBJECTIVES Unpacked Objective/s:

 Illustrate early beliefs on  Cite examples of  Describe how Kepler  LONG

the shape of the Earth astronomical utilized the TEST/PERFORMAN
 Enumerate naked-eye phenomena known to observations of Tycho CE TASK
astronomical proofs that astronomers before the Brahe
the Earth is round or advent of telescopes.  Enumerate the
spherical Kepler’s three laws
 Explain how the Greeks about planetary
knew that the Earth is motion
spherical.  Explain how Brahe’s
innovations and
extensive collection of
data in observational
astronomy paved the
way for Kepler’s
discovery of his laws
of planetary motion.
WEEK 1 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
Name of Writer PILAR JUVELYN O. LOWELA F. JUNGOY JENEPHER S. OYALES
BROBO (OLUTANGA NHS) (OLUTANGA NHS)
(STA. CLARA NHS)
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
Standards
1. Greek views of matter, motion, and the universe
2. Competing models of the universe by Eudoxus, Aristotle, Aristarchus, Ptolemy,
3. Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler
4. Evidence that the Earth is not the center of the universe
B. Performance The learners should be able to:
1
 Standards
 Create miniature three-dimensional models of the four prevailing models of the
solar system: ○ Ptolemy’s model ○ Aristotle’s model ○ Copernicus’ model ○
Aristarchus’ model
 Compose a song that explains Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion.
C. Learning MELC/CODE:
Competencies /
Code:  Explain how the  Cite examples of  Explain how Brahe’s
Greeks knew that the astronomical innovations and
Earth is spherical phenomena known to extensive collection of
(S11/12PS -IVa -38) astronomers before the data in observational
advent of telescopes astronomy paved the
Menu of strategies: (S11/12PS -IVa -41) way for Kepler’s
1. Inquiry-based approach, discovery of his laws
2. Scientific method Menu of strategies: of planetary motion
approach, 1. Inquiry-based (S11/12PS -IVb -44)
3. Differentiated instruction approach,
technique. 2. Scientific method Menu of strategies:
approach, 1. Inquiry-based
3. Differentiated
approach,
instruction technique. 2. Scientific method
approach,
3. Differentiated
instruction technique.
II.CONTENT  How we come to realize that the Earth is not the center of the universe.
III.LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide  Quipper: Lesson 14.2:
pages The Spherical Earth
2. Learner’s
Materials pages
3. Textbooks pages  Roly B. Bayo-ang
et.al. 2016.
PHYSICAL
SCIENCE. Philippine
2
 Edition
4. Additional  http://articles.adsabs.h  https://brainly.ph/questi
Materials pages arvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph- on/2574320
from learning iarticle_query?
Resources (LR) bibcode=1916PA.....24.  https://www.facebook.c
portal .358M&db_key=AST&p om/notes/physical-
age_ind=0&data_type= science/lesson-66-
GIF&type=SCREEN_V
astronomical-
IEW&classic=YES
phenomena-known-to-
 http://crosstalk.cell.com astronomers-before-
/blog/seven-ways-to- the-advent-of-
prove-earth-is-round teles/20603057006523
11/
 https://www.khanacade
my.org/partner-
content/nasa/measurin
guniverse/measure-
the-solarsystem/a/a-
flat-earth

 https://www.uen.org/les
sonplan/view/16278

 https://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Hollow_Earth#cite
_note-halley-20
B. Other Learning  Santi Santiago, Karen,  https://www.youtube.c
Resource and Angelina om/watch?
Silverio. Exploring Life v=GdQf9fMsbpw.
Through Science
Series. 2016. 927  https://www.google.co
Quezon Avenue, m/search?
Quezon City, Phoenix q=characteristics+of+t
Publishing House, ychonic+model+of+th
INC., 2016, pp. 131– e+solar+system&rlz=1
3
 132. C1CHBF_enPH821P
H823&oq=charac
teristics+of+tychonic+
model+of+the+solar+s
ystem&aqs=chrome..
69i57j0.160515j0j7&s
ourceid=chrome&ie=U
TF-8

 https://earthobservato
ry.nasa.gov/features/
OrbitsHistory/page2.p
hp#:~:text=Kepler's
%20Laws%20of
%20Planetary
%20Motion&text=At
%20the%20age%20of
%2027,define%20the
%20orbit%20of
%20Mars.&text=Using
%20these
%20observations%2C
%20Kepler
%20found,the
%20planets
%20followed%20three
%20laws.

 https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?
v=x3ALuycrCwI

 Quipper.com
IV.PROCEDURES Inquiry-Based Learning Using 7E Model
A. Reviewing the ELICIT: Review:  What is the Instructions:
previous lesson or Tychonic Model of

4
presenting the Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart  How did the Greeks the Solar System? Task 1: Create a three-
new lesson. to assess your prior know that the Earth is A model for dimensional miniature of
ELICIT knowledge and spherical? planetary motion the four prevailing
understanding of the topic. A. Pythagoras devised by Tycho models of the solar
The shape of the Earth: introduced the idea Brahe in which the system. Choose only 1
1st Column = K – What I of the round model earth is stationary and model among the 4
Know of the earth in the at the center of the given models.
2nd Column = W – What I 6th century BC. planetary system, the  Ptolemy’s model
Want to Know B. Anaxagoras (430 sun and moon revolve  Aristotle’s model
3rd Column = H- What will BCE) observed that around the earth, and  Copernicus’ model
I learn during a lunar the  Aristarchus’ model
4th Column = L – What I eclipse, the earth’s other planets revolve
Learned circular shadow around the sun. Task 2: Compose a
was reflected on song that explains
the moon’s surface. Kepler’s three laws of
C. Aristotle listed planetary motion.
several arguments
for a spherical RUBRICS
Earth:
1. Earth was also
spherical since
the moon and the
sun was both
spherical.
2. The North Star is
closer to the
horizon for places NOTE: Submit your
nearer the output together with this
equator. module. Please use
3. When the ship extra sheets if
sailed, the hull necessary, for the
disappeared first, activities given.
which implied that
the surface of the
earth was curved.
D. Eratosthenes
attempted to
5
 measure the
circumference of
the earth.
1. In Syene in
Southern Egypt, a
vertical object did
not cast any
shadow during the
summer solstice,
which was not the
case in
Alexandria. 
2. He determined the
angle that the sun
rays made with
the vertical
direction by
measuring the
shadow a vertical
stick cast.
3. In Alexandria, the
sun rays make an
angle of 7.2° from
the vertical,
whereas, in
Syene, it makes
an angle of 0°.
4. He hypothesized
that the light rays
coming from the
sun were parallel,
and the earth was
curved.
5. He computed the
circumference of
the earth to be
approximately 250
6

B. Establishing a  Illustrate early beliefs 
purpose for the on the shape of the
lesson. Earth
ENGAGE  Enumerate naked-eye
astronomical proofs
that the Earth is round
or spherical
 Explain how the Greeks
knew that the Earth is
spherical.
C. Presenting ACTIVITY #1: TITLE: ACTIVITY #1: TITLE:
examples/instance SHAPE ME! (OFFLINE) “ECLIPSES” (OFFLINE)
s of the new
lesson. Objective: Illustrate a
ENGAGE geometrical shape
Problem: What are the
geometrical shapes?
Hypothesis: Geometrical
shapes are square and
triangle, circle, rectangle,
etc.
Materials:
● colors (brown and blue)
Procedure:
1. Draw any geometric
shape.
2. Add drawings of seven
000 stadia or 46
250 km (1 stadia -
185 m).
Cite examples of  Describe how Kepler
astronomical utilized the
phenomena known to observations of Tycho
astronomers before the Brahe
advent of telescopes.  Enumerate the
Kepler’s three laws
about planetary
motion
 Explain how Brahe’s
innovations and
extensive collection of
data in observational
astronomy paved the
way for Kepler’s
discovery of his laws
of planetary motion.
ACTIVITY #1: Title:
Watch Me!
(Online/offline)
In this activity, the
students will deduce how Problem: What are the
eclipses occur. contributions of Tycho
Problem: What is an Brahe?
eclipse and how does it Hypothesis: He made
occur? important contributions b
Hypothesis: y devising the most
An eclipse is an precise instruments
astronomical event. It available before the
occurs when one invention of the telescope
heavenly body such as a for observing the
moon or planet moves heavens.
into the shadow of Materials:
another heavenly body.   A device with an
7
large landmasses. Materials: Internet connection
3. Color the landmasses  tape, glue, cardboard Procedure:
brown and the remaining tubes (empty toilet 1. Watch the video on the
areas blue that represent paper rolls), scissors, given link:
the bodies of water. aluminum foil, copper https://www.youtube.com/
wire, Styrofoam ball, watch?v=GdQf9fMsbpw
Sample Answer: ping pong ball, a large 2. Write down all the
strip of cardboard, important contributions of
magazines, and Brahe during his time.
flashlight. 3. If the internet is not
Procedures:  available, please refer to
1. Make a series of the pictures below.
vertical cuts (2 cm deep)
Guide Question: around the circumference
1. What would it be like of one cardboard tube.  
if the Earth has the 2. Bend the vertical strips
shape of your drawing? out at each end and let the
If the Earth is flat, square, tube stand upright. The
triangle, circle, and strips must fan out like
rectangle we may reach petals of a flower.  
the end if we walk straight 3. Attach the end of the
from the center. tube to the square
2. What are the cardboard strip to make
geometrical shapes? the stand of the model.  
The geometrical shapes Guide Questions:
are square and triangle, 1. What are the
circle, rectangle, etc. contributions of Tycho
Brahe?
Conclusion: Tycho Brahe (1546-
Is your hypothesis correct? 1601), made
Why or why not? What is important contributions b
your conclusion then? 4. Attach the Styrofoam y devising the most
Yes. Therefore, I conclude ball at the end of the tube. precise instruments
that the Geometrical This larger ball represents available before the
shape is square and the planet Earth.  invention of the telescope
triangle, circle, rectangle, 5. Wrap the Ping-Pong for observing the
etc.
8
 ball (m00n) with aluminum heavens. Brahe made
foil, make sure that the his observations from
Teacher’s Notes shiny side of the foil is on Uraniborg, on an island
The observation in this the outside. in the sound between
activity can be used as 6. Insert the wire at the top Denmark and Sweden
examples later in the of the earth and let it stand called Hyeen.
lesson in a vertical orientation 2. Construct a graphic
and measure 10 cm length organizer showing the
along the wire and bend it contributions of Tycho
at a right angle to make a Brahe.
horizontal arm.   a. First to suggest a non-
7. Between the earth and circular orbit for a
the end of the cardboard celestial body (a comet)
strip, measure the same b. He made the most
length along the wire, precise observation that
bend it downwards at a had yet been made by
right angle.  devising the best
8. Put the Ping-Pong ball instruments available
at the end of the copper before the invention of
wire. It must be placed at the telescope.
the same height as the c. His observation of
Styrofoam center (Earth’s planetary motion
equator).   particularly that of Mars
9. Hold the flashlight and provided crucial data for
make sure that the light later astronomers like
beam hits Earth’s equator. Kepler to construct our
Make sure that the beam present model of the
hits the half of the earth solar system.
and the moon.   d. He made observations
10. To create the solar of a supernova in 1572
eclipse, swing the wire known as the exploding
around so that the moon star.
forms a shadow on the e. Used calibrated and
earth. The moon is in bigger instruments, new
between the earth and the technique to measure
sun. Observe what angles (similar to a
happens to the shadow.   sextant).
9
11. To create a lunar f. Built an observatory
eclipse, swing the wire and made accurate and
until the moon is behind continuous
the earth. The Earth is measurements for 20
now in between the sun years. His measurements
and the moon. Observe helped to prove that
the shadow formation.   planets orbited the sun.
g. Measure the length of
the year to within 1
second.
h. He had his model with
the earth at the center
orbited the sun, the
moon, with planets
orbiting the sun.
i. He was unable to
choose between the
geocentric and
heliocentric models.

(Sample only: Graphic

Guide Questions:  organizer.)
1. What is an eclipse
and how does it
occur?
An eclipse is an
astronomical event. It
TYCHO
occurs when one BRAHE

heavenly body such as

a moon or planet
moves into the shadow
of another heavenly
body.  Conclusion:
2. Based on the activity, Is your hypothesis
how does a solar correct? Why or why not?
eclipse happen? What is your conclusion
A solar eclipse then?
10
 happens when the After watching the video,
moon covers the light it was found out the
coming from the sun.   hypotheses are correct,
3. Based on the activity, therefore, Tycho Brahe
how does a lunar made an important 
eclipse happen? contributions by devising
A lunar eclipse the most precise
happens when the instruments available
Earth covers the sun before the invention of
concerning the the telescope for
moon.   observing the heavens.
4. What is the
difference between
the alignments of the
planetary bodies
during a solar and
lunar eclipse?
The difference is the
location of the Earth.
During a solar eclipse,
the moon is in the
middle. On the other
hand, during a lunar
eclipse, Earth is in the
middle. 
5. How do you think the
early people observe
eclipses? Through
observation and
analysis.

Conclusion:
Is your hypothesis
correct? Why or why not?
What is your conclusion
then? Yes. Therefore, I
conclude that
11
 An eclipse is an
astronomical event. It
occurs when one
heavenly body such as a
moon or planet moves
into the shadow of
another heavenly body. 
D. Discussing new After doing the introduction ACTIVITY #2: TITLE: ACTIVITY #2: Title: The
concepts and activity, the teacher can “MATCH ME” (OFFLINE) Tychonic Model
practicing new now proceed with the (Offline)
skills #1. lesson. Problem: What are the
EXPLORE planets that can easily be This activity will allow the
II. GUIDED/PRACTICE seen in the sky without the students to recall the
ACTIVITY aid of the telescope? Tychonic Model of the
Hypothesis: Mercury, Solar System.
ACTIVITY #2: Title: Flat Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Problem: What are the
or Round World (offline) Saturn are planets that characteristics of the
can be seen without the Tychonic Model of the
Objective: aid of the telescope. Solar System?
1. Identify the shape of the Materials: Picture of Hypothesis: The earth is
Earth. different planets. stationary and at the
2. Record any previous Procedures: center of the
knowledge or experience 1. Rearrange the jumbled planetary system, the
and information from your letters to identify the sun and moon revolve
previous lesson. five planets that can around the earth and the
Problem: What is the easily be seen in the other planets revolve
shape of the Earth? sky without the aid of around the sun.
Hypothesis: The shape of telescopes. Write the Materials:
the Earth is round. new word on the space  Glue /Paste
Materials: provided.  Bond paper and
● Activity Sheet, colors Protractor
I. JUMBLED LETTERS
(brown, green and blue),  Printed Icons of the
(Arrange)
ball, scissor Heavenly bodies
1. SRAM (MARS)
Procedure: (Prepared by the
2. NURATS (SATURN)
1. Draw a circle with a teacher)
3. ERTIPUJ (JUPITER)
diameter similar to your Procedure:
4. USNEV (VENUS)
ball.
12
2. Add several 5. YURERCM 1. Prepare bond paper
landmasses on the shape. (MERCURY) and Protractor.
3. Color the landmasses 2. Create the following
brown and green and the 2. Read each description orbits in your bond paper.
remaining areas blue to below and match it to
represent the ocean. the correct planet by
4. Cut the shape. drawing a line.
5. Wrap the cut shape
around the ball ll. Match the statements: 3. Use the printed icons
1. The smallest and of heavenly bodies
Guide Questions: innermost planet in the prepared by your teacher.
1. What is the shape of Solar System. 4. Cut the printed icons
the Earth? Mercury prepared for you.
The shape of the Earth is
round.
2. What will happen if the
Earth is flat?
There is no gravity
There will be a solar 2. The second planet 5. Arrange each icon
problem and no tectonic from the sun. Named showing the Tychonic
plate movement. after the Roman model.
3. What are the naked- goddess of love and 6. Answer the guide
eye astronomical proofs beauty. questions below.
that the Earth is round or Venus
spherical? Answer Key:
Spacecraft Photos, lunar
eclipse, time zones, riding
a plane, and the sinking
ship evidence. 3. The fifth planet from
4. How did the Greeks the sun and the largest
knew that the shape of in the solar system.
the earth is spherical? Jupiter
A. Pythagoras Guide Question:
introduced the idea 1. What are the
of the round model characteristics of the
of the earth in the Tychonic Model of the
6th century BC. Solar System?
13
B. Anaxagoras (430 a. Tycho Brahe proposed
BCE) observed that 4. The sixth planet from a model of the solar
during a lunar the Sun and the system in line with the
eclipse, the earth’s second-largest in the observation of Galileo
circular shadow solar system. regarding the changes in
was reflected on the Saturn the phases of Venus
moon’s surface. even the earth is not
C. Aristotle listed moving.
several arguments b. The Tychonic model
for a spherical had all the planets
Earth: (except Earth) revolving
1. Earth was also 5. The fourth planet from around the sun, but the
spherical since the sun and the sun is orbiting the earth.
the moon and the second-smallest planet
sun was both in the solar system. Conclusion:
spherical. Mars Is your hypothesis
2. The North Star is correct? Why or why not?
closer to the What is your conclusion
horizon for places then?
nearer the After performing the
equator. activity, it was found out
3. When the ship Guide Questions: that hypothesis is correct,
sailed, the hull 1. Which planets are therefore, the earth is
disappeared first, visible to the naked stationary and at the
which implied that eye from Earth? center of the
the surface of the planetary system, the
Of the eight planets,
earth was curved. sun and moon revolve
five of them can be around the earth and the
D. Eratosthenes seen with the naked other planets revolve
attempted to eye. Mars, Jupiter, around the sun.
measure the Saturn, Mercury, and
circumference of Venus.
the earth. 2. Why do these planets
1. In Syene in can easily be seen in
Southern Egypt, a the sky without using
vertical object did a telescope?
not cast any
14
 shadow during the Even though planets
summer solstice, are far away in space.
which was not the Their visibility is
case in determined
Alexandria.  by the interaction of
2. He determined the light from the sun
angle that the sun and the planets'
rays made with the shadows. Sometimes
vertical direction by these planets become
measuring the visible just after it
shadow a vertical begins getting
stick cast. dark. Other times,
3. In Alexandria, the they can only be
sun rays make an seen very
angle of 7.2° from late at night. When
the vertical, they get too close
whereas, in Syene, to the sun, they aren't
it makes an angle visible at all.
of 0°.
4. He hypothesized Conclusion: Is your
that the light rays hypothesis correct? Why
coming from the or why not? What is your
sun were parallel, conclusion then? Yes, the
and the earth was hypothesis is correct
curved. because the following
5. He computed the planets:
circumference of Mercury, Venus, Mars,
the earth to be Jupiter, and Saturn are
approximately 250 planets that can be seen
000 stadia or 46 without the aid of the
250 km (1 stadia - telescope.
185 m).

Conclusion: I conclude that even

Is your hypothesis correct? before the discovery
Why or why not? What is of telescopes we can
your conclusion then? see heavenly bodies
during night time. 15
 Therefore, I conclude that
my hypothesis is correct,
that the shape of the Earth
is round because of the
shape of the shadow cast
on the moon during the
lunar eclipse which is a
semi-circle
E. Discussing new MINI LESSON MINI LESSON
concepts and
practicing new What are the early  What are the early
skills #2 beliefs on the shape
EXPLORE of the Earth?
 It is an early belief
model that the earth
is plane or discoidal
in form.
 Early Egyptian,
Mesopotamian, and
Homer (Greek
philosopher)
believed that the
world is a disk in
the ocean.
 Israelites thought
that the earth is like
a disc floating in the
water where an
arched bowl
separates the earth
from the heavens.  moon; lunar eclipse;
 They believed that
the sky is a solid
dome with the sun,
Moon, and other
MINI LESSON
 What is the
astronomical Historical
observations of the relationship of
Earth before the Brahe and Kepler?
discovery of the
telescope? Tycho Brahe
Before the invention of
telescopes, ancient
astronomers were able
to observe the
following: a. Tycho Brahe was a
Danish astronomer who
The sun and the moon; conducted precise
rising and setting of the observations of the
sun in the east and the positions of the planet
west, respectively; during his time. He was
yearly variation of the able to invent different
point where the sun astronomical instruments,
rises and sets in the with the help of his
horizon; phases of the assistants, and made an
an extensive study of the
solar eclipse; daily and solar system.
annual motion of the b. He was able to
stars; constellations; determine the position of
Planets: Mercury, 777 fixed stars
16
 planetary objects
embedded in it.
 What are the
What are the naked-
eye astronomical
proofs supporting the
spherical Earth
Model?
.1.
A. Spacecraft Photos.
Satellite photos
show that the earth
is spherical.
Astronauts in .3.
satellites orbiting in
low Earth orbit
personally observed
curvature of the
planet.  5.
Venus, Mars, Jupiter, accurately. From
and Saturn. 1600 to his death in
1601, he was assisted by
a German mathematician
examples of and
Astronomical astronomer, Johannes
Phenomena before Kepler, who later worked
the Advent of on his vast collection of
Telescopes? data
and derived mathematical
relationships. Johannes
Kepler became Brahe’s
2. successor, after the
latter’s death in 1601.
c. He was given access
to a vast collection of
observations of Mars,
4. and he continued Brahe’s
unfinished work.
Johannes Kepler

1. Phases of the Moon:

Ancient people have a. During the early
B. Lunar Eclipse. observed that the moon 1600s, Johannes Kepler
During a lunar changes its path and its proposed the three laws
eclipse, the shadow appearance within 29.5 of
of the earth formed days. The moon changes Planetary motion. He
on one side of the its appearance from thin to was able to synthesize
moon shows a dark semi-circular disk full the huge amount of
circle. circular disk. This is the collected
basis of ancient calendars data of Tycho Brahe
The shape that casts 2. Lunar Eclipse: This b. The laws describe
17
 in the moon at which occurs when the Earth
direction is it pointed casts its shadows on the
shows spherical moon when the Earth is
shape. between the Sun and the
Moon.
3. Solar Eclipse: The
occurrence of a solar
eclipse was also
C. Time Zones. The observed. A solar eclipse
time difference in occurs when the Moon is
different places in in between the Sun and
the world is due to the Earth and the moon
the presence of a partially or completely
time zone. blocks out the moon.
4. The motion of the
It can only be Stars:
explained if the It was also observed that
world is round and the stars appear to be
continuously rotating attached to a celestial
on its axis. sphere that rotates around
D. the axis in one day. The
axis intersects the
celestial at a point in the
Riding a Plane. northern sky and is
Airplanes are presently close to the
capable of traveling northern star, Polaris.
in a straight line Also, the constellations’
without falling off any position in the night sky
edges even for some varies depending on the
time and it can circle time of the years.
the earth without 5. Visibility of Planets:
stopping. Astronomers have
discovered that Mercury,
The curvature of Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and
Earth on the Saturn are planets
horizon is because they are in a
noticeable if you fixed position concerning
planetary motion in a
heliocentric model
perspective.
c. Kepler's laws of
planetary motion can be
synthesized as follows:
i. The planet’s path
around the sun is
elliptical where the sun
is the center and
located at one focus?
ii. There is an
imaginary line from the
center of the sun to the
planet and this sweep out
equal areas within equal
time intervals.
iii. The ratio of
squares of the periods
between any two planets
will always be equal to
the ratio of the cubes of
its distances from the
sun.
18
 travel on a each other (like how
transatlantic constellations are always
flight. grouped). But there are
bright stars that change
positions periodically.
These “stars” do not
belong to any group of
E. The sinking ship constellations in the sky.
evidence. The North Thus, they are called
Star was believed to “wanderers” or planetes in
be at a fixed position Greek terms.
in the sky. However,
when the Greeks
traveled to places
nearer the equator,
like Egypt, they
noticed that the
North Star is closer
to the horizon.
Aristotle argued that
such an observation
is only possible if
Earth was round. If
the earth was flat,
then a ship traveling
away from an
observer should
become smaller and
smaller until it
disappeared.
However, the
Greeks observed
that when the ship
sailed, the hull
disappeared first,
which implied that
the surface of the
19
 earth was curved.

How did the Greeks

know that the Earth is
spherical?

A. Pythagoras
introduced the idea of
the round model of the
earth in the 6th

century BC.
B. Anaxagoras (430
BCE) observed that
during a lunar eclipse,
the earth’s circular
shadow was reflected
on the moon’s
surface.
C. Around 340 BCE,
Aristotle listed
several arguments for
a spherical Earth:
1. Earth was also
spherical since
the moon and the
sun was both
spherical.
2. The North Star is
closer to the
20
 horizon for places
nearer the
equator.
3. When the ship
sailed, the hull
disappeared first,
which implied that
the surface of the
earth was curved.

D. Around 240 BCE,

Eratosthenes
attempted to measure
the circumference of
the earth.

1. In Syene in
Southern Egypt, a
vertical object did not
cast any shadow
during the summer
solstice, which was
not the case in
Alexandria. 

2. He determined the
angle that the sun
rays made with the
vertical direction by
measuring the shadow
a vertical stick cast.

3. In Alexandria, the
sun rays make an
21
 angle of 7.2° from the
vertical, whereas, in
Syene, it makes an
angle of 0°.

4. He hypothesized
that the light rays
coming from the sun
were parallel, and the
earth was curved.

5. He computed the
circumference of the
earth to be
approximately 250
000 stadia or 46 250
km (1 stadia - 185 m).

F. Developing What are the early  What are the early  How did Kepler
mastery (Leads to beliefs on the shape astronomical utilize the
Formative of the Earth? observations of the observations of
Assessment 3) Earth before the Tycho Brahe?
EXPLAIN  It is an early belief discovery of the While Copernicus
model that the earth telescope? rightly observed that
is plane or discoidal the planets revolve
in form. Before the invention of around the Sun, it
 Early Egyptian, telescopes, ancient was Kepler who
Mesopotamian, and astronomers were able correctly defined their
Homer (Greek to observe the orbits. At the age of
philosopher) following: 27, Kepler became
believed that the the assistant of a
world is a disk in The sun and the moon; wealthy astronomer,
the ocean. rising and setting of the Tycho Brahe, who

22
 Israelites thought sun in the east and the asked him to define
that the earth is like west, respectively; the orbit of Mars.
a disc floating in the yearly variation of the Brahe had collected a
water where an point where the sun lifetime of
arched bowl rises and sets in the astronomical
separates the earth horizon; phases of the observations, which,
from the heavens.  moon; lunar eclipse; on his death, passed
 They believed that solar eclipse; daily and into Kepler’s hands.
the sky is a solid annual motion of the (Brahe, who had his
dome with the sun, stars; constellations; Earth-centered model
Moon, and other Planets: Mercury, of the Universe,
planetary objects Venus, Mars, Jupiter, withheld the bulk of
embedded in it. and Saturn. his observations from
 What are the Kepler at least in part
examples of because he did not
Astronomical want Kepler to use
What are the naked- Phenomena before them to prove
eye astronomical the Advent of Copernican theory
proofs supporting the Telescopes? correct.) Using these
spherical Earth observations, Kepler
Model? found that the orbits
of the planets
A. Spacecraft Photos. .1. 2. followed three laws.
Satellite photos
show that the earth Brahe believed in a
is spherical. model of the Universe
Astronauts in with the Sun (rayed
satellites orbiting in .3. 4. disk) orbiting the
low Earth orbit Earth (black dot), but
personally observed the other planets
curvature of the (symbols) orbiting the
planet.  Sun. In an attempt to
5. prove his theory,
Brahe compiled
extensive
astronomical records,
1. Phases of the Moon: which Kepler
23
 Ancient people have
B. Lunar Eclipse. observed that the moon
During a lunar changes its path and its
eclipse, the shadow appearance within 29.5
of the earth formed days. The moon changes
on one side of the its appearance from thin to 
moon shows a dark semi-circular disk full
circle. circular disk. This is the
basis of ancient calendars
The shape that casts 2. Lunar Eclipse: This
in the moon at which occurs when the Earth
direction is it pointed casts its shadows on the
shows spherical moon when the Earth is
shape. between the Sun and the
Moon.
3. Solar Eclipse: The
occurrence of a solar
eclipse was also
C. Time Zones. The observed. A solar eclipse
time difference in occurs when the Moon is
different places in in between the Sun and
the world is due to the Earth and the moon
the presence of a partially or completely
time zone. blocks out the moon.
4. The motion of the
It can only be Stars:
explained if the It was also observed that
world is round and the stars appear to be
continuously rotating attached to a celestial
on its axis. sphere that rotates around
D. Riding a Plane. the axis in one day. The
axis intersects the
celestial at a point in the
Airplanes are
northern sky and is
capable of traveling
presently close to the
in a straight line
northern star, Polaris.
without falling off any
Also, the constellations’
eventually used to
prove heliocentrism
and to calculate the
orbital laws.
What are the 3 Laws
of Planetary Motion?
The 3 laws of
planetary motion are
the following: The
Law of Ellipses, The
Law of Harmonies,
and the Law of Equal
Areas.
a. Kepler's first law is
the law of ellipses.
This law describes
that planets are
moving around the
sun by following an
ellipse path.
b. Kepler's second
law is the law of equal
areas. This law
describes the speed
of the planet while
orbiting around the
sun. It explains that
the speed of the
planet within the
space is always
changing.
c. Kepler's third law is
also known as the law
of harmonies. This
compares the orbital
24
 edges even for some position in the night sky period and radius of
time and it can circle varies depending on the the orbit of one planet
the earth without time of the years. to other planets.
stopping. 5. Visibility of Planets:  Explain how Brahe’s
Astronomers have innovations and
The curvature of discovered that Mercury, extensive collection
Earth on the horizon Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and of data in
is noticeable if you Saturn are planets observational
travel on a because they are in a astronomy paved
transatlantic flight. fixed position concerning the way for Kepler’s
each other (like how discovery of his
constellations are always laws of planetary
grouped). But there are motion.
bright stars that change Brahe was able to
E. The sinking ship positions periodically. invent different
evidence. The North These “stars” do not astronomical
Star was believed to belong to any group of instruments, with the
be at a fixed position constellations in the sky. help of his assistants,
in the sky. However, Thus, they are called and made an
when the Greeks “wanderers” or planetes in extensive study of the
traveled to places Greek terms. solar system. After he
nearer the equator, passed away, Kepler
like Egypt, they became his
noticed that the successor. Kepler
North Star is closer was able to
to the horizon. synthesize the data of
Aristotle argued that Brahe and was able
such an observation to formulate his three
is only possible if laws of planetary
Earth was round. If motion.
the earth was flat,
then a ship traveling
away from an
observer should
become smaller and
smaller until it
disappeared.
25
 However, the
Greeks observed
that when the ship
sailed, the hull
disappeared first,
which implied that
the surface of the
earth was curved.

How did the Greeks

know that the Earth is
spherical?

A. Pythagoras
introduced the idea
of the round model
of the earth in the
6th century BC.
B. Anaxagoras

(430 BCE)
observed that
during a lunar
eclipse, the earth’s
circular shadow
was reflected on the
moon’s surface.
C. Around 340 BCE,
Aristotle listed
several arguments
for a spherical
26
 Earth:
1. Earth was also
spherical since
the moon and
the sun was
both spherical.
2. The North Star
is closer to the
horizon for
places nearer
the equator.
3. When the ship
sailed, the hull
disappeared
first, which
implied that the
surface of the
earth was
curved.

D. Around 240 BCE,

Eratosthenes
attempted to
measure the
circumference of
the earth.

1. In Syene in
Southern Egypt, a
vertical object did
not cast any
shadow during the
summer solstice,
which was not the
27
 case in Alexandria. 

2. He determined
the angle that the
sun rays made with
the vertical direction
by measuring the
shadow a vertical
stick cast.
3. In Alexandria, the
sun rays make an
angle of 7.2° from
the vertical,
whereas, in Syene,
it makes an angle of
0°.

4. He hypothesized
that the light rays
coming from the
sun were parallel,
and the earth was
curved.

5. He computed the
circumference of

the earth to be
approximately 250
000 stadia or 46
250 km (1 stadia -
185 m).
G. Finding practical III. INDEPENDENT III. INDEPENDENT Introduce that:
applications of PRACTICE ACTIVITY PRACTICE ACTIVITY

28
concepts and skills
in daily living Activity #3: Title:
ELABORATE Anaxagoras Discovery
(offline)
Problem: How did
Anaxagoras discover that
the Earth was round?
Hypothesis: Anaxagoras
observed that during a
lunar eclipse, the earth’s
circular shadow was
reflected on the moon’s
surface.
Materials:
 Activity Sheet, Earth
Model (activity 2
output), lamp, a white
small ball (if not
available wrap it with
white cloth or paper)
Procedure:
1. Recreate Anaxagoras’
discovery. Use the
models of Earth in
activity 2.
2. Place a lamp that
represents the sun, a
small ball that will
serve as the moon, and
the globe in linear
alignment. If the globe
is not available use the
Earth model in activity
2.
3. Simulate a partial lunar
 Kepler’s planetary
ACTIVITY #3: Title: What motion laws are highly
Can You See? (offline)  based on the data as
collected by Tycho
In this activity, the Brahe.
students will deduce that it
is hard to observe Emphasize that in this
heavenly bodies by just lesson, Kepler’s
the use of the naked eye.  discoveries are based
on Brahe’s
Problem: Aside from the astronomical data.
blue sky, what are the Two of these
other things can you see discoveries are
in the sky during day Kepler’s’ laws of
time? harmonies and
Hypothesis: You can ellipses.
also possibly see the
moon and sun aside from ACTIVITY #3: Title:
the blue sky. “Make Me an Ellipse”
Materials: pen, and (Offline)
compass.  
Procedures:  In this activity, the
1. Prepare a compass.   students will create an
2. Go to the open field toellipse.
see the sky. Problem: What is an
3. Choose and face only ellipse?
one direction (North, East,
Hypothesis: An ellipse
West, South). is the locus of a point that
4. Draw what you can see moves such that the sum
from your location.   of its distances from two
fixed points called the
Guide Questions: foci is constant.
1. Aside from the blue Materials:
sky, what are the other  Compass
things can you see in  Pencil
the sky during day time?  Ruler
You can also possibly see
29
 eclipse. the moon and sun aside Procedure:
4. Put the lamp in the from the blue sky. 1. Create a horizontal line
middle of a dark room. 2. Was it easy to of 7 inches in length.
5. Hold the small ball observe heavenly Label the center of the
along the light of the bodies without optical line as O. Mark the
lamp. instruments? starting point as A and
6. Place the model of No, it is not easy to the endpoint as B. This
Earth to cast a shadow observe heavenly bodies horizontal line will be
on the small ball. without the aid of optical called as the major axis.
instruments. 2. Create a perpendicular
Guide Questions:
3. How do you think line passing through O
1. How will you describe
scientists describe the with 2 inches above and
the shadow reflected
motion of heavenly 2 inches below (total of 4
on the small ball?
bodies before the inches in length). Mark
The shadow is a semi-
discovery of telescope? the starting point as C
circle
It could be highly and the endpoint as D.
2. How do you think
mathematical and/or This vertical line will be
eclipse aided in
theoretical. called the minor axis.
proving that the earth
3. Set compass from OC.
is round?
Conclusion: Make a mark on the right
The shadow cast by
Is your hypothesis side of the major axis and
the earth has a
correct? Why or why not? label it as E.
curved/round
What is your conclusion 4. Using a ruler, draw a
outline proving that the
then? line from C to B.
earth is spherical.
I strongly agree that the 5. Set compass to EB.
3. How did Anaxagoras
hypothesis is correct and Set compass on C and
discover that the
true because during day strike an arc intersecting
Earth was round?
time you can also possibly line CB Label the
Anaxagoras observed
see the moon and sun intersection as F.
that during the lunar
aside from the blue sky. 6. Bisect line FB.
eclipse, the earth’s
7. Extend the bisector to
circular shadow was
make point H.
reflected on the Therefore, I conclude 8. Mark point G where
moon’s surface. that there are heavenly bisector intersected line
bodies that can be AOB.
Conclusion:
seen during the day 9. Set the compass O to
Is your hypothesis correct?
time even before the H. From O, make a mark
discovery of 30
telescopes.
Why or why not? What is
your conclusion then?
Therefore, I conclude, that
my hypothesis is correct
the shadow reflected on
the moon is circular.
above C and label it K.
10. Set compass O to G.
From O, make a mark to
the right A and label it J.
11. Use a ruler to draw a
line from H through J.
12. Use a ruler to draw a
line from K through J.
13. Use a ruler to draw a
line from K through G.
14. Set compass G to B.
Having the center on G,
swing an arc to both
tangency lines.
15. Set compass J to A.
Having the center on J,
swing an arc to both
tangency lines.
16. Set compass H to C.
Having the center on H,
swing an arc to both
tangency lines.
17. Set compass K to D.
Having the center on K,
swing an arc to both
tangency lines.
Final output:
31
Guide Questions:
1. Is the orbit of the
Earth around the Sun a
perfect circle?
No, it is not a perfect
circle.
2. What can you say
about the path of the
moon around the
earth?
The moon allows the
Earth and it revolves
around it.
3. What is an ellipse?
An ellipse is the locus of
a point that moves such
that the sum of its
distances from two fixed
points called the foci is
constant.

Conclusion:
Is your hypothesis
correct? Why or why not?
What is your conclusion
then?
After performing the
activity, it was found out
that the hypothesis is
correct, therefore, an
ellipse is the locus of a
point that moves such
that the sum of its
distances from two fixed
points called the foci is
constant.

32
Teacher’s Notes
With this introduction, the
students will realize that
there are a lot of
considerations in
discovering the laws of
planetary motion.

ACTIVITY #4: Title:

Kepler’s Discoveries
from Brahe’s
Astronomical Data
(Online/offline)

Problem: What are the

discoveries of Kepler
from Brahe Astronomical
data?
Hypothesis:
From Brahe's
data, Kepler was able to
formulate his laws of
planetary motion: the law
of ellipses, the law of
equal areas, and the law
of harmonies.
When Kepler
 tried to figure out Mars'
orbit, it did not fit the
then-famous theory that
a planet follows a circular
path.
Materials:
 A device with an
internet connection
Procedure:
33
1. Before watching the
video, ask the students
the following pre-viewing
questions:
a. What is the solar
system model of Tycho
Brahe?
2. Watch the video on the
given link:
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=x3ALuycrCwI
3. Let the students take
note of some important
information in the video.
Guide Questions:
1. What are the
Discoveries of Kepler
from Brahe
Astronomical Data?
From Brahe's
data, Kepler was able to
formulate his laws of
planetary motion: the law
of ellipses, the law of
equal areas, and the law
of harmonies.
When Kepler 
tried to figure out Mars'
orbit, it did not fit the
then-famous theory that
a planet follows a circular
path.

Conclusion:
Based on the result of the
activity, is the hypothesis
correct? If yes why? If no,
34
 why? Therefore, what is
your conclusion?
After watching the video,
it was out that hypothesis
is correct, therefore,
from Brahe's
data, Kepler was able to
formulate his laws of
planetary motion: the law
of ellipses, the law of
equal areas, and the law
of harmonies.
When Kepler tried to
figure out Mars' orbit, it
did not fit the then-
famous theory that a
planet follows a circular
path.
H. Making generalization What are the early  What are the early  What is the
and abstractions about beliefs on the shape astronomical Tychonic Model of
the lesson of the Earth? observations of the the Solar System?
ELABORATE Earth before the a model for planetary
 It is an early belief discovery of the motion devised by
model that the earth telescope? Tycho Brahe in which
is plane or discoidal Before the invention of the earth is stationary
in form. telescopes, ancient and at the center of
 Early Egyptian, astronomers were able the planetary system,
Mesopotamian, and to observe the the sun and moon
Homer (Greek following: revolve around the
philosopher) The sun and the moon; earth, and the
believed that the rising and setting of the other planets revolve
world is a disk in sun in the east and the around the sun.
the ocean. west, respectively;  What is the
 Israelites thought yearly variation of the Historical
that the earth is like point where the sun relationship of
a disc floating in the rises and sets in the Brahe and Kepler?

35
 water where an horizon; phases of the
arched bowl moon; lunar eclipse; Tycho Brahe
separates the earth solar eclipse; daily and
from the heavens.  annual motion of the
 They believed that stars; constellations;
the sky is a solid Planets: Mercury,
dome with the sun, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, a. Tycho Brahe was a
Moon, and other and Saturn. Danish astronomer who
planetary objects conducted precise
embedded in it.  What are the observations
examples of of the positions of the
Astronomical planet during his time. He
Phenomena before was able to invent
What are the naked- the Advent of different astronomical
eye astronomical Telescopes? instruments, with the help
proofs supporting the of his assistants, and
spherical Earth made an extensive study
Model? of the solar system.
A. Spacecraft Photos. .1. 2. b. He was able to
Satellite photos determine the position of
show that the earth 777 fixed stars
is spherical. accurately. From
Astronauts in 1600 to his death in
satellites orbiting in .3. 4. 1601, he was assisted by
low Earth orbit a German mathematician
personally observed and astronomer,
curvature of the Johannes Kepler, who
planet.  later worked on his vast
5. collection of data
and derived
mathematical
relationships. Johannes
1. Phases of the Moon: Kepler became Brahe’s
B. Lunar Eclipse. Ancient people have successor, after the
During a lunar observed that the moon latter’s death in 1601.
eclipse, the shadow changes its path and its c. He was given access
of the earth formed appearance within 29.5 to a vast collection of
36
 on one side of the days. The moon changes
moon shows a dark its appearance from thin to
circle. semi-circular disk full
circular disk. This is the
The shape that casts basis of ancient calendars
in the moon at which 2. Lunar Eclipse: This
direction is it pointed occurs when the Earth
shows spherical casts its shadows on the
shape. moon when the Earth is
between the Sun and the
Moon.
3. Solar Eclipse: The
occurrence of a solar
C. Time Zones. eclipse was also
The time difference observed. A solar eclipse
in different places in occurs when the Moon is
the world is due to in between the Sun and
the presence of a the Earth and the moon
time zone. partially or completely
It can only be blocks out the moon.
explained if the 4. The motion of the
world is round and Stars:
continuously rotating It was also observed that
on its axis. the stars appear to be
D. Riding a Plane. attached to a celestial
sphere that rotates around
the axis in one day. The
axis intersects the
Airplanes are celestial at a point in the
capable of traveling northern sky and is
in a straight line presently close to the
without falling off any northern star, Polaris.
edges even for some Also, the constellations’
time and it can circle position in the night sky
the earth without varies depending on the
stopping. time of the years.
5. Visibility of Planets:
observations of Mars,
and he continued Brahe’s
unfinished work.
Johannes Kepler
a. During the early
1600s, Johannes Kepler
proposed the three laws
of planetary motion. He
was able to synthesize
the huge amount of
collected
data of Tycho Brahe
b. The laws describe
planetary motion in a
heliocentric model
perspective.
c. Kepler's laws of
planetary motion can be
synthesized as follows:
i. The planet’s path
around the sun is
elliptical where the sun is
the center and located at
one focus.
ii. There is an
imaginary line from the
center of the sun to the
planet and
this sweep out equal
areas within equal time
intervals.
iii. The ratio of
37
 The curvature of Astronomers have squares of the periods
Earth on the horizon discovered that Mercury, between any two planets
is noticeable if you Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and will always be equal to
travel on a Saturn are planets the ratio of the cubes of
transatlantic flight. because they are in a its distances from the
fixed position concerning sun.
each other (like how  What are the 3 Laws
constellations are always of Planetary Motion?
grouped). But there are The 3 laws of
E. The sinking ship bright stars that change planetary motion are
evidence. The North positions periodically. the following: The
Star was believed to These “stars” do not Law of Ellipses, The
be at a fixed position belong to any group of Law of Harmonies,
in the sky. However, constellations in the sky. and the Law of Equal
when the Greeks Thus, they are called Areas.
traveled to places “wanderers” or planetes in a. Kepler's first law is
nearer the equator, Greek terms. the law of ellipses.
like Egypt, they This law describes
noticed that the that planets are
North Star is closer moving around the
to the horizon. sun by following an
Aristotle argued that ellipse path.
such an observation b. Kepler's second
is only possible if law is the law of equal
Earth was round. If areas. This law
the earth was flat, describes the speed
then a ship traveling of the planet while
away from an orbiting around the
observer should sun. It explains that
become smaller and the speed of the
smaller until it planet within the
disappeared. space is always
However, the changing.
Greeks observed c. Kepler's third law is
that when the ship also known as the law
sailed, the hull of harmonies. This
disappeared first, compares the orbital
38
 which implied that period and radius of
the surface of the the orbit of one planet
earth was curved. to other planets.

 Explain how Brahe’s

innovations and
extensive collection
of data in
observational
How did the Greeks astronomy paved
know that the Earth is the way for Kepler’s
spherical? discovery of his
laws of planetary
A. Pythagoras motion.
introduced the idea Brahe was able to
of the round model invent different
of the earth in the astronomical
6th century BC. instruments, with the
B. Anaxagoras help of his assistants,
and made an
(430 BCE) extensive study of the
observed that solar system. After he
during a lunar passed away, Kepler
eclipse, the earth’s became his
circular shadow successor. Kepler
was reflected on was able to
the moon’s synthesize the data of
surface. Brahe and was able
C. Around 340 BCE, to formulate his three
Aristotle listed laws of planetary
several arguments motion.
for a spherical
Earth:
1. Earth was also
spherical since
the moon and
39
 the sun was
both spherical.
2. The North Star
is closer to the
horizon for
places nearer
the equator.
3. When the ship
sailed, the hull
disappeared
first, which
implied that the
surface of the
earth was
curved.

D. Around 240 BCE,

Eratosthenes
attempted to
measure the
circumference of
the earth.

1. In Syene in
Southern Egypt, a
vertical object did
not cast any
shadow during the
summer solstice,
which was not the
case in
Alexandria. 

2. He determined
40
 the angle that the
sun rays made
with the vertical
direction by
measuring the
shadow a vertical
stick cast.

3. In Alexandria,
the sun rays make
an angle of 7.2°
from the vertical,
whereas, in Syene,
it makes an angle
of 0°.

4. He hypothesized
that the light rays
coming from the
sun were parallel,
and the earth was
curved.
5. He computed the
circumference of
the earth to be
approximately 250
000 stadia or 46
250 km (1 stadia -
185 m).

I. Evaluating Direction: Read the Direction: Read the Direction: Read the
learning following questions and following questions and following questions and
EVALUATE encircle the letter of the encircle the letter of the encircle the letter of the
41
correct answer.
1. What is the shape of the
Earth?
A. flat
B. round
C. hollow
D. square
2. Who was the Greek
scientist that established
that the Earth's shadow as
reflected on the moon's
surface was circular during
a lunar eclipse?
A. Anaxagoras
B. Eratosthenes
C. Aristotle
D. Pythagoras
3. When the Greeks
traveled to places near the
equator, they noticed that
the North Star is closer to
the horizon. Which
conclusion did they arrive
at from this observation?
A. The North Star remains
a fixed point in the sky.
B. Earth is not flat, but
round.
C. Egypt has a different
North Star.
D. The North star can only
be seen from Greece.
4. Which of the following
proves that Earth is
round?
A. a circular shadow of
Earth on the moon
correct answer.
1. Which are known to be
the most observable
objects in the sky as the
ancient people have
discovered?
A. Sun and Star
B. Moon and Comets
C. Sun and Moon
D. Comets and Stars
2. Which of the following is
not an example of early
astronomical
observations?
A. Discovery of telescope
B. Phases of the moon
C. Solar Eclipse
D. Lunar Eclipse
3. Which of the following
statements BEST
describes a Solar Eclipse?
A. This occurs when the
Moon is in between the
Sun and the Earth and the
moon partially or
completely blocks out the
sun.
B. This occurs when the
Earth casts its shadows
on the moon when the
Earth is between the Sun
and the Moon.
C. Appears to be attached
to a celestial sphere that
rotates around an axis in
one day.
D. Its appearance from
correct answer.
1. Who among the
following scientists
proposed a model of the
solar system in line with
the observation of Galileo
regarding the changes in
the phases of Venus
even the Earth is not
moving?
A. Johannes Kepler
B. Tycho Brahe
C. Galileo Galilei
D. None of these
2. Which law describes
the movement of the
planets around the sun
by following an ellipse
path?
A. The law of Harmonies
B. Law of equal areas
C. The law Ellipses
D. Law of Gravity
3. Who among the
following scientist
discovered the law of
planetary motion?
A. Johannes Kepler
B. Tycho Brahe
C. Galileo Galilei
D. Copernicus
4. What did Tycho Brahe
believe was at the center
of our planetary system?
A. Earth C. Moon
B. Sun D. Mars
5. Where did Tycho
42
 B. the reddish glow of the thin to semi-circular disk Brahe carry out his
moon during a lunar full circular disk. astronomical
eclipse 4. What happens during a observation?
C. the circular halo of the lunar eclipse? A. On a mountain
sun’s corona during a A. The shadow of Earth B. On an island
solar eclipse falls onto the moon’s C. In a desert
D. the round shape of the surface. D. in a cave
moon and the sun B. The shadow of the
5. What naked-eye proof, moon falls onto Earth’s Answer Key:
proves that Earth is round surface.
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B
or spherical? C. The shadow of the sun
A. solar eclipse falls onto the Earth’s 5. B
B. blood moon surface.
C. lunar eclipse D. The shadow of the
D. moon blow moon falls onto the sun’s
surface.
5. What do you call a star
ANSWER KEY that does not belong to
1. B any group of
2. A constellations in the sky,
3. B thus they are called
4. A “wanderers”?
5. C A. Gnomon
B. Planetes
C. Comets
D. Planets

ANSWER KEY
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. B
J. Additional activities for ACTIVITY #4: Title: Complete the Venn
application or “WATCH ME” (OFFLINE) diagram to compare and
remediation contrast the scope of the
EXTEND Problem: How did the three laws introduced by
43
ancient people determine Johannes Kepler.
or observe the sky before
even without the use of
telescopes?
Hypothesis: Ancient
people rely on their
observation by simply
trying to record the
position of the planets and
the time eclipse event.
For Apple users: 
Terminal Eleven LLC.
2010. ‘Sky View’. Last
Accessed 21
August 2019.  
For Android users:    
Sky Map Devs. 2018. ‘Sky
Map’. Last Accessed 21
August 2019.  

Guide Questions:
1. Did you see the stars
or any heavenly bodies
which are shown on the
application?
Answer: No, not
everything is visible to the
naked eye.  
.2. Do you think it was
easy observing the sky
without the aid of
technology?                    
Answers may vary
3. What do you think are
the factors that affect
the observation of the
sky?                        
44
 Answer: There could be
several factors such as
light pollution.  

Conclusions:
Is the hypothesis correct?
If yes, why? If no, why?
Therefore, what is your
conclusion?
Yes, the hypothesis is
correct because
accordingly, the ancient
people rely on their
observation by simply
trying to record the
position of the planets and
the time eclipse event.

I conclude that the

ancient people relied
their observations by
recording the position
of the planets and the
event of eclipse.

V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. Of learners
who earned 80%
in the evaluation
B. No. Of learners
who require
additional
activities for
remediation who

45
 scored below 80%
C. Did the remedial
lessons work? No.
of learners who
have caught up
with the lesson.
D. No. Of learners
who continue to
require
remediation.
E. Which of my
teaching
strategies worked
well? Why did
these works?
F. What difficulties
did I encounter
which my principal
or supervisor can
help me solve?
G. What innovation
or localized
materials did I
use/discover
which I wish to
share with other
teachers?
Prepared by:

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