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Differences in Pathology of Pandemic and Recurrent Forms of So-Called Influenza;

Analysis

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Douglas Symmers, Frost, and Morris Dinnerstein collaborated in this article's production,

known as Differences in Pathology of Pandemic and Recurrent Forms of So-Called Influenza1.

The main aim is to show the current generation how the pandemic in 1918 was very dangerous

and the effects that were brought by the pandemic. An influencer is a killer disease that caused

the pandemic in 1918. The article's authors tried to show the pneumonia was the disease in

common during the influenza pandemic in 1918. The article continues and explains how the

influenza disease affected people's health.

The authors of this article were targeting their information to reach all the people. Those

that were affected by the pandemic and those that were infected by the influenza virus. The

authors were giving out information to the world so that actions could be taken. They did not

target or aim particular group of people. Still, the message was for all the people globally since

all over the world, many people were affected, and Influenza virus-infected others. Many people

died because of the pandemic; the influenza disease was very dangerous and not easily curable

but only preventable.

Douglas Symmers, Frost, and Morris Dinnerstein wrote this article which was later

reprinted on March 6, 1920, by American Medical Association. Douglas Symmers, as described

by the article, was the Director of the laboratories in the hospitals of Allied and Bellevue in New

York. Morris Dinnerstein was also described in the article as a pathologist in New York at

Bellevue Hospital. As described in the article, Frost was a Pathologic Intern at Bellevue hospital

in New York.

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Douglas Symmers, Morris , Dinnerstein , and A. D. FROST, “Differences in Pathology of Pandemic and
Recurrent Forms of So-Called Influenza, 0ad. ,” DIFFERENCES IN PATHOLOGY OF PANDEMIC AND
RECURRENT FORMS OF SO-CALLED INFLUENZA, March 6, 1920..
 Last Name 3

Douglas Symmers, Frost, and Morris Dinnerstein had the main purpose for writing this

article. One of their main reasons is to make people aware of the pandemic effects and its

transmissions to avoid further cases. Some of the issues they were trying to address were; in New

York, the recurrent pandemic presented variations of anatomic from the Influenza. They

addressed that 1918 pandemic pleura participation was conspicuous in the process of pneumonic

by its rarity. Another issue addressed was that intrapulmonary absences were not easily known

due to the accompaniments of pneumonic processes. Pneumonia was the most common disease

during the 1918 pandemic. 2

These authors were trying to communicate that the influenza virus caused recurrent

epidemics. Giving out the history of the influenza virus was one of their missions in their article.

The authors' information or research was significant for the diagnosis of the disease and its

treatment. This information was essential to the doctors and other health workers trying to slow

down the rate at which the virus was transmitted, hence reducing the number of cases.

Generally, primary sources are never accepted to be complete and accurate due to many

reasons. Humans make errors; data collection is always the toughest part in the primary sources.

Some of the situations which needed data collections and must have human errors in this source

includes viscera chemical investigations, clinical histories, microscope data, postmortem,

observatory issue's and many more methods whichever was used during data collection and

analysis. The other issue why the primary source is not recognized to be perfect and is notable in

the article is costly and takes a lot of time. It can be marked in several instances in the article.

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Douglas Symmers, Morris , Dinnerstein , and A. D. FROST, “Differences in Pathology of Pandemic and
Recurrent Forms of So-Called Influenza, 0ad. ,” DIFFERENCES IN PATHOLOGY OF PANDEMIC AND
RECURRENT FORMS OF SO-CALLED INFLUENZA, March 6, 1920..
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Data collection needs time; assembling of data, and the analysis needs a lot of time to get the

final figures to record. Some of the experiments are very expensive to do due to the high cost.3

Primary data is also limited to some particular instances like participant number, the time,

or the place. In this article, the participants present are three in number: Douglas Symmers, Frost,

and Morris Dinnerstein, and the places are specifically the hospitals. It shows that the

information is less detailed because there are no sources to get detailed information and fewer

participants to share opinions to come up with enough points and solutions.

Some omissions are also noted in this article. At the beginning of the article, essential

data was omitted; the exact values of death rates caused by the pandemic and the exact rate of the

number affected and the exact number of Influenza virus cases were omitted. A good source

should have a graph or a table if numeric data is specific, not just generalizing, which leaves the

audience in question.

Like any other primary source, Differences in Pathology of Pandemic and Recurrent

Forms of So-Called Influenza article is a very useful source in the present days. It contained

original data and was made, created, or collected during the influenza pandemic research study in

1918. The source is very useful to the present society because the general information in it is

very specific. It will help the researchers use this source to get the required information because

it was collected physically via observation, experiments, and data analysis.

Students using this source for their research is another use very essential. It will help

them relate the past events very significantly in promoting their understanding of history,

commonly referred to as a human events series. Because this source is recognized as incomplete
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Douglas Symmers, Morris , Dinnerstein , and A. D. FROST, “Differences in Pathology of Pandemic and
Recurrent Forms of So-Called Influenza, 0ad. ,” DIFFERENCES IN PATHOLOGY OF PANDEMIC AND
RECURRENT FORMS OF SO-CALLED INFLUENZA, March 6, 1920.
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due to the discussed reasons, it will give the students background to do further research to get

detailed information from other sources. It helps students to knowledge and thinking ability

which is the best interpretation background for them. 4

Another thing is that this article will be providing a window or a get pass into the past on

the 1918 pandemic. It will provide access to the data recorded or taken during the time Influenza

virus skilled many people globally. This data is well recorded in this article and well arranged,

hence, flowing perfectly for easy understanding and finding the data needed without struggling

even if the article's information is limited.

Differences in Pathology of Pandemic and Recurrent Forms of So-Called Influenza

article will help when it comes to a debate held on any related topic to the 1918 pandemic. It will

be a good source for the information on the related topic debated. Both the proposers and

opposers will run for the article to get more information to support them in debating. It will help

write argumentative essays where further information will be drawn from to support one's points.

The other area that this article is helpful is when writing essays, other articles, or

secondary sources with topics related to the influenza virus. More information will be used from

this article and be cited just like any other article or essay when dealing with any topic related to

the Influenza virus. Various topics under the influenza virus can be used as a source for many

articles with topics related to it.

In summary, Differences in Pathology of Pandemic and Recurrent Forms of So-Called

Influenza article is a good primary source. It has handled almost all the areas on the 1918

pandemic, which killed many people. The article has covered almost enough, and it is a good
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Douglas Symmers, Morris , Dinnerstein , and A. D. FROST, “Differences in Pathology of Pandemic and
Recurrent Forms of So-Called Influenza, 0ad. ,” DIFFERENCES IN PATHOLOGY OF PANDEMIC AND
RECURRENT FORMS OF SO-CALLED INFLUENZA, March 6, 1920..
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source where one can get answers to his/her research. It is the best source for schools' studies and

research regarding the topic of the influenza virus. Just like any other primary source, this article

has limited information. For more details, students or researchers should go for detailed

information in other sources to get full information on the Influenza Pandemic in 1918.

Bibliography
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Symmers, Douglas, Morris , Dinnerstein , and A. D. FROST. "Differences in Pathology of

Pandemic and Recurrent Forms of So-Called Influenza, 0ad. ." DIFFERENCES IN

PATHOLOGY OF PANDEMIC AND RECURRENT FORMS OF SO-CALLED

INFLUENZA, March 6, 1920.