CONCLUSION

Nitrate and Nitrite are two difference type of compound which nitrates ( NO 3) consist of one
nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms. Nitrites ( NO 2) consist of one nitrogen atom and two
oxygen atoms [ CITATION Kri20 \l 17417 ]. Where usually we can find the nitrate and nitrite? In
this experiment, we have four sampling tests along Sungai Klang which is labelling as L1,
L2, L3 and L4. At each location, two water samples (sample A, sample B) were collected and
brought to laboratory for the analysis of Nitrate and Nitrite concentration. Results of nitrate
and nitrite analysis are as shown in Table 1 (nitrate) and Table 2 (nitrite). Based on the figure
1, in the figure 1 we can see the two human activities nearest to the river which are
wastewater treatment and also the vegetable plot.

According to the result in Table 1 (nitrate) and Table 2 (nitrite), it is shown that the
concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the river becomes increasing starting from the location
L1 (before the wastewater treatment) until L4 (after the vegetation plot). We can say that, the
concentration of nitrate and nitrite increased because of it is from the vegetation plot and
wastewater treatment. From the L1, the average concentration for nitrate is 0.010 mg/l
meanwhile concentration for nitrite is 0.005 mg/l. Then, when the take the sample L4 the
concentration nitrate is 0.446 mg/l meanwhile concentration of nitrite is 0.199 mg/l. Both
nitrate and nitrate at sample L4 higher than at sample L1.

However, nitrates are present in larger amounts in healthy foods like vegetables. Some
famers will use fertilizer to make the vegetable looks healthier but unfortunately, the fertilizer
can lead to high levels of nitrates and can be harmful to human. For this reason, health
authorities regulate nitrate levels in drinking water [ CITATION Kri20 \l 17417 ] . Therefore, we
can conclude the concentration of nitrate and nitrite at Sungai Klang are not exceeding the
limit if compared with three standard (Table 3) which are National Water Quality Standard
for Malaysia, National Lake Water Quality Criteria and Standards (Category B) and Drinking
Water Quality Standards. Hence, the river in class I that conservation of natural environment
and practically no treatment necessary. Last but not least, we achieved our objectives which
is to determine the concentration of volatile solids and fixed solids in water samples and to
analyse the data and interpret the results of Volatile Suspended Solids experiment.

References
Kris Gunnars, B. (2020, February 10). Are Nitrates and Nitrites in Foods Harmful? Retrieved from
healthline: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/are-nitrates-and-nitrites-harmful