Tổng Hợp Bài Mẫu IELTS Writing Task 2 Dạng Advantage Disadvantage j7v2er

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Tổng hợp bài mẫu IELTS Writing Task 2 dạng
Advantage-Disadvantage
Topic 1: Shopping ..................................................................................................................... 2

Topic 2: Aging population ................................................................................................. 7
Topic 3: Traditional vs Modern Diets .....................................................................11
Topic 4: Family ........................................................................................................................16
Topic 5: Housing and Architecture ..........................................................................20
Topic 6: Food .............................................................................................................................24
Topic 7: Fossil fuels ..............................................................................................................28
Topic 8: International travel.........................................................................................31
Topic 9: Languages ..............................................................................................................35
Topic 10: Social media.......................................................................................................39
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Topic 1: Shopping
In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out of business
because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result,
people without cars have limited access to out-of-town stores, and it
may result in an increase in the use of cars.
Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its

advantages? (Đề thi ngày 14/03/2019)
Bài mẫu
In many countries the world over, small shops in
city centers cannot compete with large stores To compete with
something or
that are based on the outskirts; therefore, many somebody: cạnh tranh
of those small businesses are threatened with với cái gì đó, ai đó
closure. This leads to a number of consequences,
To be threatened with
including a rise in car usage in these countries and something: bị đe dọa bởi
access to large out-of-town stores becoming cái gì đó
limited for those without cars(1). In my view, this A rise in something: sự
change does more harm than good. tăng lên ở cái gì đó
Increasing bankruptcies among small town- Increasing

bankruptcies among
center shops are an unfortunate situation that
small town-center
puts local people to great inconvenience, with shops: sự phá sản nhiều
those who are not in possession of a car standing của những cửa hàng nhỏ
most affected, because they now have to travel To cause a significant
to a distant place to shop(2). The time used for loss for the economy of
such journeys could be better spent on other any city: gây ra tổn thất
activities that are of greater importance, be it lớn cho nền kinh tế của
bất cứ thành phố nào
work or entertainment. The situation’s impacts
are also far beyond individual levels. It causes a
significant loss for the economy of any city
where large numbers of such businesses are
forced to shut down. This may inflict unexpected
damage on the national economy as a whole. The
rise in car usage caused by people’s demand for
long distance travel is also problematic. Traffic
congestion will become worse due to the higher
Traffic congestion: tắc
number of vehicles on streets. Furthermore, the
đường
quantity of pollutants emitted from car engines
will rise, which heightens pollution levels in those To adversely affect
human health: ảnh
places and adversely affects human health. hưởng tiêu cực tới sức
khoẻ con người
However, this change in people’s shopping
preference may encourage them to move to out- To be faced with
of-town areas to live. Given the fact that modern overpopulation and
consequently ever-
cities are faced with overpopulation and growing pressure on
consequently ever-growing pressure on housing supply
housing supply systems, this could be systems: đối mặt với quá
tải dân số và hậu quả là
considered a start of relieving such pressure (3).
áp lực đè nặng về vấn đề
In conclusion, the trend towards shopping in large cung cấp chỗ ở
stores located away from city centers is having

many negative impacts. Although it could
encourage some people to move to places where
these stores are established and help solving
some population problems in modern cities, I
doubt that the trend could promise any
significant outcome.
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): This leads to a number of consequences, including a rise in car
usage in these countries and access to large out-of-town stores
becoming limited for those without cars.
 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Mệnh đề “including a rise in car usage in these countries and access to

large out-of-town stores” là mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn bổ sung thông tin
cho “a number of consequences”.
Mệnh đề “becoming limited for those without cars” là mệnh đề quan hệ

rút gọn bổ sung thông tin cho “large out-of-town stores”.
Chủ ngữ “This” trong mệnh đề chính thay thế cho toàn bộ câu đứng trước
nó.
Cấu trúc “a rise in something” nghĩa tăng lên về cái gì đó.
Câu (2): Increasing bankruptcies among small town-center shops are an

unfortunate situation that puts local people to great inconvenience, with
those who are not in possession of a car standing most affected, because
they now have to travel to a distant place to shop.
Mệnh đề phụ “that puts local people to great inconvenience” là mệnh đề

quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho “unfortunate situation”.
Mệnh đề phụ “with those who are not in possession of a car standing
most affected“ bổ nghĩa cho “local people”.
Cấu trúc “put somebody to something” mang nghĩa là đặt ai đó vào tình
thế/trải nghiệm gì đó.
Cấu trúc “In possession of something” mang nghĩa là sở hữu cái gì đó.
Từ nối “because + mệnh đề” đồng nghĩa với “since”, có chức năng đưa ra
nguyên nhân.
Câu (3): Given the fact that modern cities are faced with overpopulation
and consequently ever-growing pressure on housing supply systems,
this could be considered a start of relieving such pressure.
Chủ ngữ “This” trong mệnh đề chính thay thế cho toàn bộ câu đứng trước
nó: “this change … to live”.
“Given (the fact) that” được dùng khi người viết xem xét một sự việc nào
đó, thường được dùng làm nguyên nhân cho thông tin được cung cấp phía
sau.
Cấu trúc “to be faced with” mang nghĩa là đang phải đối mặt với điều gì
đó.
Cấu trúc “Somebody/something is considered to be noun/adjective”

mang nghĩa là được coi như cái gì/như thế nào đó.
Topic 2: Aging population
In the future, it is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older
people in some countries. Is this positive or negative development? (Đề
thi ngày 23/03/2019)
Bài mẫu
Developments in medical technology and health
To have longer life
care systems, among many other factors, are expectancy than
leading to people having longer life expectancy before: có tuổi thọ dài
than before. As this trend continues, in the future, hơn trước đó
we can expect the number of old people will be Senior citizens: người
much greater than that of young people. In dân lớn tuổi
several ways, society may benefit from a To shoulder much more
growing proportion of senior citizens. However, I responsibilities: gánh
believe the rest of the world population would trên vai nhiều trách
nhiệm hơn
have to shoulder much more responsibilities
and the global economy would face a serious To contribute free labor
labor crisis. to ameliorating their
communities: đóng góp
On the positive side, an increase in the number of nhân lực miễn phí cho sự
cải thiện cộng đồng
old people means a greater pool of volunteers for
community and government projects. These To engage in charity
people are usually more financially comfortable work: tham gia vào công
việc từ thiện
and therefore more willing to contribute free
labor to ameliorating their communities. For To instil a great sense
of responsibility and
example, we often see old people in developed
altruism into the young
countries engage in charity work to provide generation: truyền bá
shelter and food for the homeless in their tinh thần trách nhiệm và
neighborhoods. Such an act also instils a great lòng vị tha tới thế hệ trẻ
sense of responsibility and altruism into the

young generation. This is, in fact, globally
recognized to be advantageous in a world where
selfishness hinders one from taking action for the
sake of others.
Nevertheless, aging populations will place the
To pay for increased
whole world under many pressures. Both retirement pensions
governments and businesses will have to pay for and health care costs:
increased retirement pensions and health trả khoản lương hưu và
các chi phí chăm sóc sức
care costs, which means tax-payers will have to
khoẻ cao
bear a greater financial burden and the young
workforce will have to work harder and care for To bear a greater
financial burden: chịu
the elderly at the same time (1). Furthermore, lack gánh nặng tài chính cao
of young labor workforce would cause hơn
stagnation for the growth of individual
Stagnation: sự trì trệ
businesses and the global economy as a whole
because little innovation may take place in this
circumstance(2). As a matter of fact, many first
world countries whose proportion of senior
citizens is higher than that of young people, such
as Japan, are already experiencing these
undesirable impacts(3).
In conclusion, an aging population is beneficial in

certain ways. However, the benefits society may
reap from an aging population cannot match the
damage it inflicts. It is important that the world
governments should not underestimate the
complexity of this problem and take immediate
action to reduce its future influences.
Cấu trúc câu

Câu (1): Both governments and businesses will have to pay for increased
retirement pensions and health care costs, which means tax-payers will
have to bear a greater financial burden and the young workforce will
have to work harder and care for the elderly at the same time.
Mệnh đề “which means […]” là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho cả mệnh đề
chính trước đó.
Cấu trúc “Both … and …” mang nghĩa là cả hai.
Câu (2): Furthermore, lack of young labor workforce would cause

stagnation for the growth of individual businesses and the global
economy as a whole because little innovation may take place in this
circumstance.
Cấu trúc “cause stagnation for (something)” mang nghĩa là dẫn đến sự
chững lại/trì trệ cho cái gì đó.
Cấu trúc “as a whole” mang nghĩa là xét trên tổng thể, nói chung
Từ nối “because + mệnh đề” đồng nghĩa với since, có chức năng đưa ra
nguyên nhân..
Từ nối “Furthermore” đồng nghĩa với In addition đứng ở đầu câu, dùng để
trình bày luận điểm mới.
Câu (3): As a matter of fact, many first world countries whose proportion
of senior citizens is higher than that of young people, such as Japan, are
already experiencing these undesirable impacts.
Mệnh đề “whose proportion of senior citizens is higher than that of young

people” là mệnh đề quan hệ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng ngay trước nó là
“many first world countries".
Cấu trúc “such as +noun” đồng nghĩa với noun + noun..., được dùng để đưa
ra ví dụ để minh họa, làm rõ cho danh từ chính.
“As a matter of fact” là một cụm từ được dùng để nhấn mạnh, mang nghĩa
là sự thật là (tương tự như “in fact”).
10
Topic 3: Traditional vs Modern
Diets
11
In many countries, people like to eat a wider range of food that cannot
be grown in their local place. Therefore, much of the food people eat
today has to come from other regions.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh

disadvantages? (Đề thi ngày 13/04/2019)
Bài mẫu
These days, it is quite common for people to eat
A growing trend in food
foods that are not, or cannot, be grown or culture: xu hướng đang
produced where they live. As a consequence, thịnh hành về văn hóa ẩm
large quantities of food are either transported thực
long distances within a country or imported from A vast array of: một
other countries. This essay will review some of the chuỗi rất đa dạng
advantages and disadvantages of this trend. A highly nutritious diet:
chế độ ăn giàu dinh
Thanks to globalisation, the increase in efficient
dưỡng
transportation between and within countries, and
To promote health and
a growing trend in food culture, people can
prevent disease: nâng
now enjoy a vast array of foods like never cao sức khỏe & ngăn
before. This trend has many advantages. Firstly, chặn bệnh tật
having access to a wide variety of foods from Losing their own access
different regions can provide people with a to their food sources:
highly nutritious diet that can help to promote không thể tiếp cận được
health and prevent disease(1). For example, với những nguồn thực
phẩm của họ
some kinds of nutrient-rich berries that can only
be grown in Asia can now be enjoyed by people
all over the world. Furthermore, with such a
growing interest in exotic foods and food culture,
people can experience a range of cuisine without
leaving their own town or city.
However, this trend also comes with a number of

disadvantages. For example, some communities
around the world where exotic and rare foods are
grown are losing their own access to their food
12
sources. When demand for a certain food
Contributes to climate
increases, the price also increases, and people in change: góp phần gây ra
poorer countries where the food is grown can biến đổi khí hậu
sometimes not afford to buy it anymore (2).
Carbon emissions
Another problem with this trend is that the produced by
constant transportation of foods over long transportation: khí thải
distances contributes to climate change due to carbon từ vận chuyển
hàng hóa
the large amount of carbon emissions
produced by transportation(3). And lastly, many Treated with chemicals
and preservatives: được
foods that are transported long distances need to
xử lý bằng hóa chất và
be treated with chemicals and preservatives chất bảo quản
which make them less healthy to consume (4).
Overall, although there are many benefits to

having access to a wide variety of foods,
personally, I believe that the disadvantages of
this trend outweigh the advantages.
13
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): Firstly, having access to a wide variety of foods from different
regions can provide people with a highly nutritious diet that can help to
promote health and prevent disease.
Mệnh đề phụ "that can help to promote health and prevent disease" là
mệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung thông tin cho cụm danh từ ngay trước nó “a
highly nutritious diet”.
Cấu trúc “provide somebody with something” mang nghĩa cung cấp cho
ai đó cái gì.
Từ nối “firstly” được dùng để nêu quan điểm đầu tiên, đi kèm sau là một
mệnh đề đầy đủ.
Câu (2): When demand for a certain food increases, the price also
increases, and people in poorer countries where the food is grown can
sometimes not afford to buy it anymore.
Mệnh đề “When demand for a certain food increases” là mệnh đề trạng

ngữ chỉ thời gian để làm rõ thời điểm hoặc điều kiện khi mệnh đề chính
xảy ra.
Mệnh đề “where the food is grown” là mệnh đề tính từ được dùng để làm
rõ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng liền trước nó “poorer countries”.
Cấu trúc “can afford to do something” mang nghĩa có khả năng tài chính
để làm gì.
Câu (3): Another problem with this trend is that the constant
transportation of foods over long distances contributes to climate
change due to the large amount of carbon emissions produced by
transportation.
14
Mệnh đề “that the constant transportation of foods over long distances
contributes to climate change” là mệnh đề danh từ làm rõ ý nghĩa trực
tiếp cho chủ ngữ.
Mệnh đề “due to the large amount of carbon emissions produced by

transportation” là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân, nhằm làm rõ: khí
thải carbon là nguyên nhân vì sao nói vận chuyển hàng hóa có thể gây
ra biến đổi khí hậu.
Cụm danh từ “carbon emissions produced by transportation” được tạo

thành bằng cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ, cụm danh từ này có thể được
viết lại đầy đủ là “carbon emissions which is produced by transportation”.
Câu (4): And lastly, many foods that are transported long distances need
to be treated with chemicals and preservatives which make them less
healthy to consume.
Mệnh đề “that are transported long distances need to be treated with

chemicals” là mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng
liền trước nó. (Trong đó đại từ quan hệ “that” có thể thay bằng “which”.)
Mệnh đề “which make them less healthy to consume” là mệnh đề quan

hệ dùng để làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng liền trước nó. (Trong đó đại từ
quan hệ “which” có thể thay bằng “that”.)
Cấu trúc “to be treated with something” mang nghĩa được xử lý với cái gì.
Cấu trúc “make something adjective” mang nghĩa làm cho cái gì đó trở
nên như thế nào.
Từ nối “and lastly” để chỉ ra quan điểm cuối cùng trong bài.
15
Topic 4: Family
16
In many nations, people in huge cities either live alone or in small family
units, instead of in large, extended family groups. Is this a positive or
negative trend? (Đề thi ngày 25/04/2019)
Đề mẫu
In many large cities around the world, it has
The traditional
become quite common for people to either live lifestyles: lối sống truyền
alone or in a small family, as opposed to living in thống
large extended family households. This essay will
The freedom to do as
take a closer look at some of the positive and they please: tự do làm
negative aspects that arise with this trend. theo ý bản thân mong
muốn
On the one hand, this trend does have some
Constant judgement or
positive aspects. For example, different criticism: sự đánh giá
generations want and value different things hoặc phê bình liên tục
these days. Many young people do not wish to
Hectic, fast-paced
live the traditional lifestyles of their parents lifestyle: lối sống hối hả,
and grandparents. Therefore, living alone allows bận rộn
them the freedom to do as they please without Slower-paced,
having to face constant judgement or criticism. healthier life: lối sống
Furthermore, many older people do not wish to chậm rãi, lành mạnh
live the hectic, fast-paced lifestyle of modern During their
city life and prefer to live a slower-paced, retirement: trong suốt
healthier life in the countryside during their thời gian nghỉ hưu
retirement. Living alone, or in smaller family Physical and mental
groups allows each generation to live their health problems: những
vấn đề sức khỏe thể chất
preferred lifestyle.
và tinh thần
However, this trend also brings several Lack the care and
drawbacks. Firstly, as parents and grandparents attention they need:
get older, they may face a number of physical thiếu sự chăm sóc và
quan tâm cần thiết
and mental health problems, and by living
alone, they may lack the care and attention
they need from their children(1). Secondly,
children will have less interaction and influence
17
from grandparents, and potentially miss out on
Interaction and
important life lessons that can be taught from influence from
grandparents who have a lot of valuable life grandparents: sự tương
experience. Important traditions and customs tác và ảnh hưởng từ ông
bà
may also be lost from generation to generation (2).
And finally, living alone, or in small family groups Valuable life
can lead to poor family bonds between experience: kinh nghiệm
sống quý giá
generations.
Poor family bonds: tình
In conclusion, I believe that while this trend does cảm gia đình thiếu thân
bring some benefits, overall they are definitely thiết, gắn bó
outweighed by the drawbacks.
18
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): Firstly, as parents and grandparents get older, they may face a
number of physical and mental health problems, and by living alone,
they may lack the care and attention they need from their children.
Mệnh đề “as parents and grandparents get older" là mệnh đề trạng ngữ
chỉ thời gian dùng để làm rõ nghĩa cho mệnh đề chính đầu tiên “they may
face a number of physical and mental health problems”.
Mệnh đề phụ “they need from their children” là mệnh đề tính từ, bổ sung
làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng liền trước “the care and attention”.
Cấu trúc “face something” mang nghĩa đối mặt với chuyện gì (thường
mang nghĩa tiêu cực).
Cấu trúc “by V-ing” mang nghĩa bằng cách làm như thế nào.
Cấu trúc “lack something” mang nghĩa là thiếu cái gì.
Từ nối “Firstly” được dùng để đưa ra luận điểm đầu tiên, đi kèm sau là một
mệnh đề đầy đủ.
Câu (2): Secondly, children will have less interaction and influence from
grandparents, and potentially miss out on important life lessons that can
be taught from grandparents who have a lot of valuable life experience.
Mệnh đề phụ “that can be taught from grandparents” là mệnh đề quan

hệ làm rõ nghĩa cho cụm danh từ đứng liền trước “important life lessons”.
Mệnh đề phụ “who have a lot of valuable life experience” là mệnh đề quan
hệ làm rõ nghĩa cho cụm danh từ liền trước “grandparents”.
Cấu trúc “Miss out on something” mang nghĩa bỏ lỡ cái gì.
Từ nối “Secondly” được dùng để đưa ra luận điểm thứ hai trong đoạn, đi
kèm theo sau là một mệnh đề đầy đủ.
19
Topic 5: Housing and
Architecture
20
In many cities, there is little control on the design and construction of new
houses, so people can build houses in their own styles rather than
building them with the same style as the old houses in the local area. Do
the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? (Đề thi ngày 23/05/2019)
Bài mẫu
In many cities around the world, people have little
The lack of uniformity:
influence in the design and construction of their sự đồng điệu, sự giống
houses. Many people believe it is better to allow nhau
people to freely choose the style and construction
To be free to decide:
of their new homes rather than forcing everyone to được tự do quyết định
follow the uniform style of the local area. In my
To demonstrate a
opinion, a diversity in housing styles can bring consistent style: thể
many more benefits than drawbacks to an area. hiện một phong cách
đồng nhất, nhất quán
To begin with, cities in Vietnam, such as Saigon,
To break this
have very few, or even no, regulations on local
uniformity: phá hủy sự
housing styles, which means that residents in these đồng nhất
areas are free to decide on the architecture for
To be more worthy of
their home(1). The only disadvantage that may consideration: đáng để
arise is the lack of uniformity of houses, which cân nhắc hơn
can be a unique feature in certain places. The
To reflect a variety of
houses in Hoi An, for instance, demonstrate a architectural designs:
consistent style and therefore have made the city phản ánh sự đa dạng
a popular tourist destination. If the house owners in trong thiết kế kiến trúc
this city change the style and break this
uniformity, the number of tourists visiting the area
is likely to decrease.
However, the advantages brought about by a

diversity in housing styles are more worthy of
consideration. Firstly, buildings reflecting a
variety of architectural designs can make a city
more attractive and appealing to people of
different cultures. For example, the buildings in the
21
centre of Ho Chi Minh city are designed in both
To give the city a more
European and Asian styles, which has eventually cosmopolitan
given the city a more cosmopolitan atmosphere: mang lại
atmosphere, with residents coming from many cho thành phố bầu không
khí dễ thích nghi cho mọi
different countries(2). Secondly, the freedom of
người trên thế giới
choice in housing styles can allow local people to
be more creative, as they can design their homes in The freedom of choice:
sự tự do lựa chọn
a unique way.
In conclusion, though potentially making some

areas less attractive by losing a part of their
character, a diversity in architectural styles should
be widely encouraged, as it can beautify a city and
allow residents to be more creative.
22
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): To begin with, cities in Vietnam, such as Saigon, have very few,
or even no, regulations on local housing styles, which means that
residents in these areas are free to decide on the architecture for their
home.
Cấu trúc “which means that + clause” có thể được hiểu như là do đó, điều
đó có nghĩa là. Dùng thay cho “therefore”, “as a result” hoặc “so”.
Cấu trúc “Be free to + verb” nghĩa là được tự do làm gì đó.
Câu (2): For example, the buildings in the centre of Ho Chi Minh city are
designed in both European and Asian styles, which has eventually given
the city a more cosmopolitan atmosphere, with residents coming from
many different countries.
Cấu trúc “with residents coming from many different countries” cần lưu
ý khi dùng “with
Object + V-ing/Being VII”, tùy theo dạng chủ động hay bị động, tương tự
cấu trúc mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn
23
Topic 6: Food
24
Today food travels from thousands of miles from the farm to the
consumer. Some people say that it would be better for the economy &
environment if people ate food produced from local farmers. Would the
advantages of this idea outweigh the disadvantages? (Đề thi ngày
06/07/2019)
Bài mẫu
Nowadays, food travels long distances before
Locally grown food:
reaching consumers, and it is therefore believed
thức ăn được trồng ở địa
that consuming locally grown food would bring phương
about a number of economic and environmental
To reduce the negative
benefits. Despite some advantages, I believe that effects of carbon
the disadvantages of this idea would be more emissions: cắt giảm
significant. những hệ quả tiêu cực
của việc thải khí CO2
Consuming locally grown food is advantageous
To enhance their
in several ways. First, when produce is purchased standards of living:
and consumed locally, the local economy greatly nâng cao tiêu chuẩn cuộc
benefits. More income will be generated for those sống
involved in the food’s production, including
farmers and growers, which will, in turn, enhance
their standards of living(1). Eating locally grown
food can also play a role in helping to protect the
environment. The transportation of food around
the world greatly contributes to global warming
due to the large amount of carbon emissions
produced during the process. Eating locally
grown produce will help to reduce the distance
that food travels, helping to reduce the negative
effects of carbon emissions which are released
from vehicles during transport.
In spite of the aforementioned benefits, I

personally feel that the drawbacks need to be
considered more carefully. For example, if non-
25
locally grown foods are purchased less often on
Non-locally grown
the market, local people will therefore have fewer foods: thức ăn được
opportunities to experience specialties and trồng ở nơi khác
healthy products from other regions(2).
To experience
Furthermore, if local foods become the more specialties and healthy
dominant products, price manipulation by local products: trải nghiệm
merchants can occur. Several food sellers will đặc sản và thức ăn tốt
cho sức khỏe
make use of this opportunity to increase prices to
control the market in the long term. It will be Price manipulation:
thao túng giá cả
difficult for people, especially lower income
households, to buy essential foods for Local merchants:
themselves, causing adverse impacts on their thương nhân địa phương
health.
In conclusion, I hold the belief that local food

consumption, despite having economic and
environmental merits, does more harm than
good to people’s culinary experiences and local
markets.
26
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): More income will be generated for those involved in the food’s
production, including farmers and growers, which will, in turn, enhance
their standards of living.
Mệnh đề phụ “including farmers and growers” là mệnh đề quan hệ, được
viết ở thể rút gọn, làm rõ nghĩa cho thông tin “those involved in the food
production”
Mệnh đề phụ “which will … of living” là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho

mệnh đề chính.
Lưu ý, trước đại từ quan hệ “which” phải có dấu phẩy.
Cấu trúc “to enhance something” tương tự như improve something, mang
nghĩa cải thiện cái gì đó.
Câu (2): For example, if non-locally grown foods are purchased less
often on the market, local people will therefore have fewer opportunities
to experience specialties and healthy products from other regions.
Cấu trúc “to purchase something” tương tự như “to buy something” mang
nghĩa mua cái gì đó.
Cấu trúc “to experience something” mang nghĩa trải nghiệm, gặp phải cái
gì đó.
Từ nối “For example” được dùng để đưa ra ví dụ, đi kèm sau là một mệnh
đề đầy đủ.
Từ nối “therefore” được dùng để đưa ra kết quả, có thể dùng trong một
câu hoặc đứng đầu một câu mới.
27
Topic 7: Fossil fuels
28
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas, are the main source for
many countries. However, some nations are using alternative energy
such as solar power and wind power. Do you think this is a positive or
negative development? (Đề thi 28/09/2019)
Bài mẫu
Although fossil fuels still remain the most
Put a heavy financial
important energy sources in many places, some burden on someone:
countries are now already using alternative đặt gánh nặng tài chính
sources like solar or wind power. In my opinion, it lên ai đó
can be difficult for a country to move towards Harness: khai thác
using alternative energy at first, but this
Shift towards doing
development brings about several benefits in the something: chuyển qua
long run. việc làm gì đó
On the one hand, the change towards using

alternative types of energy would probably put a
heavy financial burden on the government and
companies as they will have to invest millions of
dollars in purchasing and developing new
equipment and facilities for harnessing solar,
wind or hydro-electric power. For example, the
average cost of installing a wind turbine for
generating electricity is about $3 million, and an
average country would require a wind farm with
hundreds of turbines to supply power to all
companies and households. In addition, the
production cost of large solar panels is still very
high, which is why many countries, especially
those with a poor economy, are still unable to use
this power source(1).
However, I still believe that shifting towards

using alternative energy is a worthwhile
investment due to the great benefits it brings.
29
Firstly, fossil fuels are the main cause of air
Petroleum-powered
pollution nowadays since petroleum-powered vehicles and factories:
vehicles and factories are releasing tremendous phương tiện và nhà máy
amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere every day. chạy bằng ga hoặc xăng
Therefore, replacing coal and petroleum with Finite resources: nguồn
wind or solar power will help to reduce the level tài nguyên hữu hạn
of emissions in the atmosphere and improve air
quality. Secondly, fossil fuels, like natural gas or
oil, are finite resources and will soon be
depleted, which will potentially threaten the
economy if there are no alternative sources. This
fact emphasizes the need to develop renewable
energy to gradually replace traditional sources
when fossil fuels run out.
In conclusion, I hold the view that despite the high

initial cost of new equipment and facilities, the
switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy
sources is still necessary for the long-term
development of the planet.
Cấu trúc câu

Câu (1) The production cost of large solar panels is still very high, which
is why many countries, especially those with a poor economy, are still
unable to use this power source
Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Cấu trúc “which” dùng để bổ nghĩa cho cả mệnh đề đứng đằng trước.
Cấu trúc “especially + Noun” dùng để nêu 1 ví dụ nổi bật cho 1 tập hợp
được nhắc đến trước đó.
30
Topic 8: International travel
31
International travel is becoming cheaper, and countries are opening their
doors to more and more tourists. Do the advantages of increased tourism
outweigh disadvantages? (Đề thi 16/11/2019)
Bài mẫu
Travelling abroad is becoming more affordable
Facility and
than ever before, and many nations are
infrastructural
implementing new approaches to attract more development: phát triển
tourists. Although there are still drawbacks of về mặt cơ sở vật chất và
international travel, I think its values are more hạ tầng
significant. Exerting dire

consequences on
On the one hand, the downsides of welcoming natural habitats: tạo ra
foreign visitors are varied. First, the local ảnh hưởng xấu lên môi
trường sống tự nhiên
environment can be adversely affected due to
facility and infrastructural development. For Lay much pressure on
example, in Vietnam, many tourism companies local people: đặt nhiều
áp lực lên người dân
are permitted to chop down a great area of trong vùng
forests to construct modern commodities such as
A detriment to
hotels and golf courses, exerting dire
domestic travel: ngăn
consequences on natural habitats(1). As for the cản du lịch trong nước
countries that play host to international tourists,
Costs of hotel rooms
the rise in costs of living may lay much pressure and other services: Giá
on local people and be a detriment to cả của phòng khách sạn
domestic travel. This is because the growth in và những loại dịch vụ
the number of tourists from abroad would khác
encourage costs of hotel rooms and other Enormously benefit

services to increase. People in the neighborhood from the burgeoning
tourism industry: được
and domestic visitors would suffer in comparison. hưởng lợi to lớn từ ngành
công nghiệp du lịch đang
On the other hand, I suppose the benefits of
bùng nổ
international travel would eclipse those analyzed
disadvantages. First, the regional economy can
enormously benefit from the burgeoning
tourism industry as more occupations will be
32
created to accommodate the needs of tourists.
Enhance tourism
Local people can have more job opportunities in
industries: Phát triển
hotels or restaurants and therefore earn more ngành du lịch
money to improve their living standards. Second,
the increased number of foreign people coming
to visit another country would evidently enhance
tourism industries, contributing greatly to the
wealth of that country(2). If tourists enjoy their
trips, they will recommend the destination to
their friends or perhaps they will come back in the
future.
In conclusion, it appears to me that the merits of

international tourism are more notable than its
drawbacks.
33
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1). For example, in Dalat, Vietnam, many tourism companies are
permitted to chop down a great area of forests to construct modern
commodities such as hotels and golf courses, exerting dire consequences
on natural habitats.
 Các điểm ngữ pháp và từ vựng cần lưu ý:
“Be permitted to do something”: được cho phép làm điều gì đó.
“...., exerting dire consequences on natural habitats.”: đây là mệnh đề quan

hệ đã được rút gọn. Mệnh đề quan hệ đầy đủ bao gồm “..., which exerts ...”,
mang nghĩa “việc đốn hộ một lượng lớn diện tích rừng đã tạo ra hệ quả
xấu. Đại từ quan hệ “which” đại diện cho mệnh đề chính phía trước, và
trước “which” có dấu phẩy.
Câu (2). Second, the increased number of foreign people coming to visit
another country would evidently enhance tourism industries,
contributing greatly to the wealth of that country.
 Các điểm ngữ pháp và từ vựng cần lưu ý:
“The increased number of foreign people coming to...”: số lượng khách du

lịch đến đất nước khác tăng lên. Trong câu có “coming” đã được rút gọn
từ mệnh đề quan hệ “who come”.
“..., contributing greatly to the wealth of that country” : từ “contribute” ở

dạng V-ing do đã được rút gọn từ “..., which contributes”, mang nghĩa
“chính việc gia tăng về số lượng khách du lịch đã đóng góp vào sự giàu có
của quốc gia đó.
34
Topic 9: Languages
35
A few languages are increasingly spoken in different countries, while the
use of others is rapidly declining.
Is it a positive or negative development? (Đề thi ngày 12/12/2019)
Bài mẫu
These days, there is a tendency that a small
Widespread popularity:
number of languages have gained widespread sự phổ biến rộng rãi
popularity in the world, while many others are
Cross-cultural
being less spoken. In my opinion, this trend could
communication: giao
bring both positive and negative consequences. tiếp liên văn hoá
To begin with, there are substantial benefits to Boost multilateral

society when many countries share common trade and cultural
exchange: thúc đẩy
languages. The first benefit is that cross-cultural thương mại đa phương và
communication can become easier nowadays, trao đổi văn hoá
which helps boost multilateral trade and
Incredible growth: sự
cultural exchange(1). It is true that ones who are phát triển đáng kinh ngạc
bilingual or multilingual find it easier to do
business or work in international companies as
their issues at work can be addressed and
discussed thoroughly. Furthermore, by acquiring
languages which are commonly used in business,
science and technology, people from less
developed countries can accelerate the process
of learning from more developed countries. For
example, India achieves such incredible growth
partly by using English as their official language.
Despite the great convenience of sharing

common languages, the fact that other
languages are less spoken can bring several
drawbacks(2). The first disadvantage is that
communities would lose parts of their cultural
traditions such as songs, myths and poetry which
are not easily translated into another language.
36
This may in turn affect their cultural identity,
Cultural identity: bản
producing a weakened social cohesion as their sắc văn hoá
values and traditions are replaced with new
Weakened social
ones(3). Moreover, this trend affects not only the
cohesion: sự gắn kết xã
local culture within one nation but also the hội bị suy yếu
civilization of mankind. If all countries no longer
The civilization of
use their own language but use the same one, this mankind: nền văn minh
could gradually destroy the cultural diversity nhân loại
of the world. Destroy the cultural
diversity: huỷ hoại sự đa
In conclusion, although I believe the trend is
dạng văn hoá
inevitable in the era of globalisation, people need
to have measures to protect their less spoken
languages as a way to preserve their cultural
identity.
37
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1) The first benefit is that cross-cultural communication can
become easier nowadays, which helps boost multilateral trade and
cultural exchange.
Mệnh đề which trong câu trên thay cho cả ý “The first benefit….easier
nowadays" và được dịch là “điều này". Lưu ý dấu phẩy được sử dụng trong
cấu trúc câu này.
Câu (2) Despite the great convenience of sharing common languages,

the fact that other languages are less spoken can bring several
drawbacks.
“Despite the great convenience of sharing common languages”: cấu trúc

chỉ hai mệnh đề tương phản, sau despite sẽ là danh từ/cụm danh từ hoặc
gerund (V-ing). Lưu ý phải có dấu phẩy giữa hai mệnh đề.
Câu (3) This may in turn affect their cultural identity, producing a
weakened social cohesion as their values and traditions are replaced
with new ones.
Trong mệnh đề đầu tiên có cụm “in turn" mang nghĩa dẫn đến kết quả là
(đồng nghĩa với “as a result")
“producing ...cohesion" là mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn của “which produces

….cohesion", cách sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn này tương tự câu
phân tích trên.
“as their values ….new ones" là mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân cho mệnh đề
kết quả đứng trước.
38
Topic 10: Social media
39
The use of social media is replacing face-to-face interaction among
many people in society. Do you think the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages? (Đề thi ngày 08/02/2020)
Bài mẫu
Social media has deeply infiltrated into
To infiltrate into
everyone’s life and is believed to be replacing something: Thâm nhập
our face-to-face interaction. This situation, vào đâu đó/cái gì đó
although advantageous in certain aspects, is
To facilitate
generally a detriment to true human communication: Thúc
communication in the long run(1). đẩy sự giao tiếp
On the one hand, there are a number of benefits To globally connect

with somebody: Kết nối
from using social networks to communicate(2).
toàn cầu với ai
Firstly, they facilitate communication in the
To share common
modern times as now people can globally
interests: Có những mối
connect with old friends and relatives or with quan tâm giống nhau
others who share common interests. For
Live streaming
example, Facebook is currently providing service service: Dịch vụ live
for 2.4 billion users who can choose to connect stream
and interact with anyone they want, regardless
To have access to
of where they are. Secondly, study sessions are something: Có thể tiếp
frequently happening on social networking cận tới cái gì
websites through live streaming services. To fall prey to online
Therefore, learners around the world now can communication
have free access to online classes on such sites. abuse: Trở thành nạn
nhân của sự lạm dụng
On the other hand, the disadvantages of social giao tiếp trên mạng (tạm
media replacing face-to-face interaction are dịch)
much more concerning(3). As these sites are Online bullying and

becoming more and more dominant and attract harassment: Sự quấy rối
và bắt nạn trên mạng
large numbers of new users every day, people
can fall prey to online communication abuse, A toxic
environment: Một môi
such as online bullying and harassment. In fact,
trường độc hại
social networking websites can become a toxic
40
environment where users can be verbally To be verbally
assaulted because there are only a few rules, assaulted: Bị tấn công
most of which are spoken rules rather than bằng lời nói
established guidelines, that restrict hateful or Hateful or abusive
abusive contents. Furthermore, overuse of social contents: Những nội
media to communicate can lead to people dung cay động
downplaying the importance of face-to-face Reclusive users: Những

interaction on which true human relationships người dùng không thích
sự giao thiệp thực tế (tạm
thrive. Nowadays, many young and reclusive dịch)
users prefer living in a virtual world on social
A virtual world: Một thế
sites than engaging in real-life relationships.
giới ảo
This may have serious mental effects, such as
increased stress, anxiety and loneliness. To engage in real-life
relationships: Tham gia
In conclusion, the downsides of social media vào những mối quan hệ
thực tế
replacing face-to-face interaction are more
significant than the benefits users could reap Serious mental
effects: Có ảnh hưởng
from those sites(4).
nghiệm trọng đến sức
khỏe tinh thần
41
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1) Although advantageous in certain aspects, is generally a
detriment to true human communication in the long run.
“Although advantageous in certain aspects”: Mặc dù có lợi ở vài khía cạnh

nhất định (cấu trúc tóm gọn của “althouh clause 1, clause 2”, chỉ dùng
được khi đồng chủ ngữ)
“To be a detriment to something”: Là cái có hại cho cái gì (dùng để nói về

Disadvantages)
Câu (2) There are a number of benefits from using social networks to
communicate.
There are a number of benefits from … : Có vài ích lợi từ cái gì đó (dùng để
mở đoạn Advantages)
Câu (3) The disadvantages of social media replacing face-to-face

interaction are much more concerning.
The disadvantages of … are much more concerning: Bất lợi của …. còn
đáng lo hơn nhiều (dùng để mở đoạn Disadvantages)
Câu (4) The downsides of social media replacing face-to-face interaction

are more significant than the benefits users could reap from those sites.
The downsides of … are more significant than the benefits: Bất lợi của …
đáng lo hơn so với những lợi ích (dùng cho kết bài).
42
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Topic 1: Shopping ..................................................................................................................... 2

Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its

Increasing bankruptcies among small town- Increasing

stores located away from city centers is having

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Mệnh đề “including a rise in car usage in these countries and access to

Mệnh đề “becoming limited for those without cars” là mệnh đề quan hệ

Cấu trúc “a rise in something” nghĩa tăng lên về cái gì đó.

Câu (2): Increasing bankruptcies among small town-center shops are an

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Mệnh đề phụ “that puts local people to great inconvenience” là mệnh đề

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Cấu trúc “Somebody/something is considered to be noun/adjective”

sense of responsibility and altruism into the

In conclusion, an aging population is beneficial in

Cấu trúc câu

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Cấu trúc “Both … and …” mang nghĩa là cả hai.

Câu (2): Furthermore, lack of young labor workforce would cause

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Mệnh đề “whose proportion of senior citizens is higher than that of young

Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh

However, this trend also comes with a number of

Overall, although there are many benefits to

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Mệnh đề “When demand for a certain food increases” là mệnh đề trạng

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Mệnh đề “due to the large amount of carbon emissions produced by

Cụm danh từ “carbon emissions produced by transportation” được tạo

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Mệnh đề “that are transported long distances need to be treated with

Mệnh đề “which make them less healthy to consume” là mệnh đề quan

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Cấu trúc “lack something” mang nghĩa là thiếu cái gì.

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Mệnh đề phụ “that can be taught from grandparents” là mệnh đề quan

Cấu trúc “Miss out on something” mang nghĩa bỏ lỡ cái gì.

However, the advantages brought about by a

In conclusion, though potentially making some

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Cấu trúc “Be free to + verb” nghĩa là được tự do làm gì đó.

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

In spite of the aforementioned benefits, I

In conclusion, I hold the belief that local food

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

Mệnh đề phụ “which will … of living” là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho

Lưu ý, trước đại từ quan hệ “which” phải có dấu phẩy.

 Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

On the one hand, the change towards using

However, I still believe that shifting towards

In conclusion, I hold the view that despite the high

Cấu trúc câu

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:

significant. Exerting dire

encourage costs of hotel rooms and other Enormously benefit

In conclusion, it appears to me that the merits of

 Các điểm ngữ pháp và từ vựng cần lưu ý:

“Be permitted to do something”: được cho phép làm điều gì đó.

“...., exerting dire consequences on natural habitats.”: đây là mệnh đề quan

 Các điểm ngữ pháp và từ vựng cần lưu ý:

“The increased number of foreign people coming to...”: số lượng khách du