LawBriefs - Property - Law - (PG - 1 29)

LawBrief: Property Law
Copyright © 2015. Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Pty Limited. All rights reserved.
Dr, Kristy Richardson. LawBriefs: Property Law, Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Pty Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/unsw/detail.action?docID=4985429.
Created from unsw on 2018-01-13 21:00:08.
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LawBrief: Property Law
KRISTY RICHARDSON
LLB, LLM (QUT), PhD (UNE)
LAWBOOK CO. 2015
Published in Sydney by
Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited
ABN 64 058 914 668
19 Harris Street, Pyrmont, NSW
National Library of Australia

Cataloguing-in-Publication entry
Richardson, Kristy, author.
Property law / Kristy Richardson.
9780455235806 (paperback)
Lawbrief.
Includes index.
Property—Australia.
Real property—Australia.
Possession (Law)—Australia.
346.9404
© 2015 Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited
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to
my fixtures Tony, Hannah, Abby and Callum

Preface
Property and the ownership and possession of property lie at the heart of modern
society. However, the recognition and regulation of ownership and possession of
property are steeped in legal and philosophical history. To understand modern
notions of property, an appreciation of such historical origins is important. This is
particularly so in the Australian context where the regulation of property is within
the legislative purview of the States. On that basis not all jurisdictions are the same.
Some jurisdictions may be similar in some particular areas of property law but
divergent in others. Some jurisdictions may have modified the application of
traditional common law rules in favour of statute whilst others have not. The same
concept in one jurisdiction may have a different name and different interpretation in
another. In this way the study of property law can be confusing — but you should
not be disheartened — an understanding of property law is a fundamental
component of legal studies.
This book seeks to acknowledge the complexity of the law with respect to
property in two ways. The first is to explain in a generalised manner the core
concepts of property law and present the major cases in the area. Where differences
exist between jurisdictions the application legislation is tabulated for ease of
reference. The second way is to present the core concepts diagrammatically via the
Mind Maps. Obviously, given the expanse of property law across the jurisdictions,
this book cannot replace a more in-depth study of the cases, legislation and
commentary relevant to your particular jurisdiction. This book will nevertheless be
a good place to start!
This book is divided into four distinct parts. The first looks at defining property
and how possession of property can be an indicia of ownership/title. The second
part looks at different types of interests in land, for example, co-ownership. The
third part looks at issues of title to land and the application and function of the
Torrens system. The fourth and final part of the book looks at dealings in land
which can encompass such things as leases and mortgages.
I hope that organising the book in this way helps to fuel your interest in the
study of property law. The convergence between the common law, statute and
different jurisdictions is intriguing and property law will only continue to develop
and change as society does (if not at the same pace). Good luck with your studies of
Property Law.
KRISTY RICHARDSON
Yeppoon, Queensland
20 April 2015
Table of Contents
Preface .................................................................................................................................................. vii
How to Use Mind Maps ........................................................................................................................ xi
Table of Cases .................................................................................................................................... xiii
Table of Statutes ................................................................................................................................. xix
Part I: What is Property and the Importance of Possession

1: What Is Property? ............................................................................................................................. 3
2: The Doctrine of Tenure and Native Title ........................................................................................ 13
3: Adverse Possession ........................................................................................................................ 21
4: Fixtures ............................................................................................................................................ 29
Part II: Interests in Land

5: Doctrine of Estates .......................................................................................................................... 39
6: Future Interests ............................................................................................................................... 47
7: Legal and Equitable Interests ......................................................................................................... 55
8: Co-ownership ................................................................................................................................... 63
Part III: Title to Land

9: The Torrens System ........................................................................................................................ 75
10: Exceptions to Indefeasibility: The Fraud Exception ..................................................................... 83

11: Exceptions to Indefeasibility: Other Statutory Provisions and the In Personam Exception ....... 91
12: State Guarantee of Title ............................................................................................................... 99
13: Priorities and Caveats ................................................................................................................. 107
14: Strata Title and Retirement Villages ........................................................................................... 115
15: Dispositions of Property Interests ............................................................................................... 125
Part IV: Dealings in Land

16: Leases: Characteristics ............................................................................................................... 135
17: Leases: Covenants ...................................................................................................................... 143
18: Residential Tenancies and Retail Shop Leases ........................................................................ 155
19: Leases: Determination and Remedies ....................................................................................... 165
20: Mortgages and the Rights of the Mortgagee ............................................................................. 173
x LAWBRIEF: PROPERTY LAW
21: Easements and Restrictive Covenants ....................................................................................... 183

22: Profits à Prendre and Rentcharges ............................................................................................ 193
Index ................................................................................................................................................... 201

How to Use Mind Maps
Mind maps are located at the end of each chapter to provide a visual explanation of
the topics discussed in that chapter. Referring to the mind maps as you read
through each chapter will enable you to better understand how each piece of
information fits into the overall topic. The maps are also highly useful revision
tools, setting out the content in a format which allows you to see important details
for each topic at a glance.
The mind maps are structured in a similar way to flowcharts. The main concepts
branch out into a number of topics, which each branch out into subtopics for up to
five levels of explanatory detail. To show progression from one point to the next,
each level is connected to the one following by a solid line with an arrow. See the
sample below.
Level 1 Access to Information
Level 2 Discovery
Level 3 Access to documents

of opposing litigants
v
Level 4
Governed by Rules of Court
v
Previously, discovery
Level 5 could be "oppressive"e
eg Mok Gek Bouy
In addition to the five levels, other features may be included in the mind maps,
including:
• Key Points – these are key points for the overall topic of the map which should
be given consideration when referring to any part of the map.
• Explanatory notes – these notes may relate to just one point or may be an
overarching explanatory note for the entire map. Where they relate to just one
point they are connected to that point by a double-headed arrow. Where they
xii LAWBRIEF: PROPERTY LAW
relate to the entire map, they appear above it in umbrella form. Explanatory
notes offer some additional context to, or further explanation of, the content they
relate to.
• “But” or “Exception” boxes – these sit alongside a sublevel and contain an
exception or “but” statement relating to that sublevel. They are indicated by a
dotted line and appear in blue text. “But” or “exception” boxes are used to
qualify statements made in their associated sublevels.
The spiral binding of this book makes it easy to tear out the mind maps so you can
refer to them as you read through each chapter, or use them as visual prompts
while preparing for (or sitting) exams. We trust that you will find them useful.
Table of Cases
A
Altin v Latimer Clark Muirhead & Co [1894] 2 Ch 437 ............................................. 17.50

Anning v Anning (1907) 4 CLR 1049 .......................................................................... 15.20
Arton Retirement Villages (Newcastle) Pty Ltd trading as Jenny Macleod Retirement
Village v Allen, Twaddell and Vass [2001] NSWRT 77 ........................................ 14.150
Asher v Whitlock (1865) LR 1 QB 1 ............................................................................... 3.20
Assets Co Ltd v Mere Roihi [1905] AC 176 .................................................... 10.50, 10.110
Aussie Traveller Pty Ltd v Marklea Pty Ltd [1997] QCA 2 ........................................ 17.60
Australian Guarantee Corporation Ltd v De Jager [1984] VR 483 ............................. 10.70
Australian Provincial Assurance Co Ltd v Coroneo (1938) 38 SR (NSW) 700 ........... 4.60
Australian Softwood Forests Pty Ltd v Attorney-General (NSW); Ex rel Corporate Affairs
Commission (1981) 148 CLR 121 ............................................................................. 22.30
Bacon v O’Dea (1989) 25 FCR 495 ............................................................................. 13.110

Bahr v Nicolay (No 2) (1988) 164 CLR 604 ............................................................... 11.110
Bank of South Australia Ltd v Ferguson (1998) 192 CLR 248 ................................... 10.60
Barry v Heider (1914) 19 CLR 197 ................................................................................. 9.80
Baumgartner v Baumgartner (1987) 164 CLR 137 ............................................. 8.60, 15.90
Bernstein of Leigh (Baron) v Skyviews & General Ltd [1977] 1 QB 479 ................... 1.130
Bishop v Taylor (1968) 118 CLR 518 ............................................................................ 16.90
Biviano v Natoli (1998) 43 NSWLR 695 ........................................................................ 8.90
Bookville Pty Ltd v O’Loghlen [2007] VSC 67 ............................................................. 21.90
Breskvar v Wall (1971) 126 CLR 376 ................................................................ 9.110, 9.120

Buildev Development Pty Ltd v PIC Sales Pty Ltd [2003] NSWSC 1245 ................. 19.30
Bursill Enterprises Pty Ltd v Berger Bros Trading Co Pty Ltd (1971) 124 CLR
73 ................................................................................................................................. 10.30
Butler v Fairclough (1917) 23 CLR 78 ........................................................................ 13.130
Calverley v Green (1984) 155 CLR 242 ............................................................... 8.60, 15.70

Carrathool Hotel Pty Ltd v Scutti [2005] NSWSC 401 ............................................... 17.50
Caton v Caton (1866) LR 1 Ch App 137 ....................................................................... 7.30
Cetojevic v Cetojevic [2007] NSWCA 33 ........................................................................ 8.60
Chan v Cresdon Pty Ltd (1989) 168 CLR 242 ...................................................... 7.50, 9.80
Charalambous v Ktori [1972] 1 WLR 951 .................................................................... 17.20
City Developments Pty Ltd v Registrar General of the Northern Territory (2000) 156
FLR 1 .......................................................................................................................... 21.40
xiv LAWBRIEF: PROPERTY LAW
Clos Farming Estates Pty Ltd v Easton [2001] NSWSC 525 ...................................... 22.40
Clos Farming Estates Pty Ltd v Easton [2002] NSWCA 389 ..................................... 21.30
Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR 447 ............................ 20.70
Commonwealth Life (Amalgamated) Assurance Ltd v Anderson (1945) 46 SR (NSW)
47 ............................................................................................................................... 16.100
Cooper v Stuart (1889) 14 App Cas 286 ........................................................................ 2.20
Corin v Patton (1990) 169 CLR 540 .................................................................. 8.130, 15.30
De Pasquale Bros Pty Ltd v Cavanagh Biggs and Partners Pty Ltd [1999] Aust Torts
Reports 81-521; [1999] QSC 171 ............................................................................ 1.120
Di Napoli v New Beach Apartments Pty Ltd (2004) 11 BPR 21,493; [2004] NSWSC
52 ................................................................................................................................. 1.120
Dockrill v Cavanagh (1944) 45 SR (NSW) 78 ............................................................ 16.100
Edward Kazas & Associates Pty Ltd v Multiplex (Mountain Street) Pty Ltd [2002]
NSWSC 840 ............................................................................................................. 17.110
Ellison v Vukicevic (1986) 7 NSWLR 104 .................................................................... 22.60
Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd (2007) 230 CLR 89 ........... 11.70, 11.140
Fejo (on behalf of Larrakia People) v Northern Territory (1998) 195 CLR 96 ............ 2.120
Fischer v Body Corporate for Centrepoint Community Title Scheme 7779 [2004] 2 Qd R
638 ............................................................................................................................... 14.50
Forestview Nominees Pty Ltd v Perpetual Trustees WA Ltd (1998) 193 CLR
154 ............................................................................................................................. 21.110
Forgeard v Shanahan (1994) 35 NSWLR 206 ................................................................ 8.80

Forsyth v Blundell; Associated Securities Ltd v Blundell (1973) 129 CLR 477 ....... 20.120
Frazer v Walker [1967] 1 AC 569 ..................................................................... 9.110, 11.100
Garcia v National Australia Bank Ltd (1998) 194 CLR 395 ....................................... 20.70
Gibbs v Messer [1891] AC 248 ...................................................................................... 9.110
Gilbert J McCaul (Aust) Pty Ltd v Pitt Club Ltd (1957) 59 SR (NSW) 122 ............ 19.30
Giumelli v Giumelli (1998) 196 CLR 101 ................................................................... 15.110
Glensaugh Pty Ltd v Registrar-General [2001] NSWSC 1114 .................................... 12.80
Grgic v Australian and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (1994) 33 NSWLR
202 ................................................................................................................. 10.80, 11.140
Gurfinkel v Bentley Pty Ltd (1966) 116 CLR 98 .......................................................... 20.40
TABLE OF CASES / xv
Hamilton Island Enterprises Ltd v Boss [2010] 2 Qd R 115 ..................................... 17.120

Hampshire v Wickens (1878) 7 Ch D 555 .................................................................... 17.20
Heid v Reliance Finance Corporation Pty Ltd (1983) 154 CLR 326 ............ 13.100, 13.120
Hillpalm Pty Ltd v Heaven’s Door Pty Ltd (2002) 55 NSWLR 446 .......................... 11.90
Hircock v Windsor Homes (Development No 3) Pty Ltd [1979] 1 NSWLR 501 ......... 8.40
Holland v Hodgson (1872) LR 7 CP 328 ........................................................................ 4.40
Houghton v Immer (No 155) Pty Ltd (1997) 44 NSWLR 46 ..................................... 14.80
IAC (Finance) Pty Ltd v Courtenay (1963) 110 CLR 550 ......................................... 13.150
J and H Just (Holdings) Pty Ltd v Bank of New South Wales (1971) 125 CLR
546 ............................................................................................................................. 13.140
JA McBeath Nominees Pty Ltd v Jenkins Development Corporation Pty Ltd [1992] 2 Qd
R 121 ........................................................................................................................ 17.120
JA Pye (Oxford) Ltd v Graham [2003] 1 AC 419 ............................................... 3.70, 3.110
JC Williamson Ltd v Lukey (1931) 45 CLR 282 ........................................................... 7.110
Jones v Bartlett (2000) 205 CLR 166 ............................................................................ 17.90
Jones v Chappell (1875) LR 20 Eq 539 ........................................................................... 5.70
Julian-Armitage v The Proprietors Astor Centre [1998] QCA 111 .............................. 14.40
KLDE Pty Ltd (in liq) v Commissioner of Stamp Duties (1984) 155 CLR 288 ......... 15.50
Kangas v Tsangaras (1990) 5 BPR 11,254 ....................................................................... 8.90
Keddell v Regarose Pty Ltd [1995] 1 Qd R 172 ........................................................... 12.70
King v David Allen & Sons Billposting Ltd [1916] 2 AC 54 ........................................ 7.90
Kranz v National Australia Bank Ltd (2003) 8 VR 310 .............................................. 20.70
LJP Investments Pty Ltd v Howard Chia Investments Pty Ltd (1989) 24 NSWLR
490 ................................................................................................................... 1.130, 7.140
Latec Investments Ltd v Hotel Terrigal Pty Ltd (1965) 113 CLR 265 .......................... 7.70
Laurinda Pty Ltd v Capalaba Park Shopping Centre Pty Ltd (1989) 166 CLR
623 ................................................................................................................. 19.80, 19.120
Laybutt v Amoco Australia Pty Ltd (1974) 132 CLR 57 ........................................... 13.110
Leigh v Taylor [1902] AC 157 .......................................................................................... 4.90
Lennon v Bell [2005] QSC 286 ...................................................................................... 8.110
Lewes Nominees Pty Ltd v Strang (1983) 57 ALJR 823 .............................................. 19.30
Lin v State Rail Authority (NSW) (2004) 209 ALR 577 ........................................... 16.100
Lysaght v Edwards (1876) 2 Ch D 499 ......................................................................... 15.50
xvi LAWBRIEF: PROPERTY LAW
Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (1992) 175 CLR 1 .............. 2.10, 2.40, 2.50, 2.60, 2.80, 2.100
Macquarie Bank Ltd v Sixty-Fourth Throne Pty Ltd [1998] 3 VR 133 .................... 11.140
Maddison v Alderson (1883) 8 App Cas 467 ................................................................. 7.20
Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria (2002) 214 CLR
422 ............................................................................................................................... 2.120
Mercantile Credits Ltd v Shell Co of Australia Ltd (1976) 136 CLR 326 .................. 9.100
Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd (1971) 17 FLR 141 ................................................ 2.20, 2.30
Milroy v Lord (1862) 4 De GF & J 264; 45 ER 1185 .................................................. 15.20
Moore v Dimond (1929) 43 CLR 105 ............................................................ 16.120, 16.130
Mulcahy v Curramore Pty Ltd [1974] 2 NSWLR 464 .................................................. 3.80
Municipal District of Concord v Coles (1905) 3 CLR 96 ........................................... 13.110
Murphy v Overton Investments Pty Ltd (2004) 216 CLR 388 ................................. 14.130
Muschinski v Dodds (1985) 160 CLR 583 ...................................................................... 8.60
National Australia Bank Ltd v Blacker (2000) 104 FCR 288 ............................... 4.70, 4.80
National Dairies WA Ltd v Commissioner of State Revenue (2001) 24 WAR 70 ...... 4.120
National Executors and Trustees Co of Tasmania Ltd v Edwards [1957] Tas SR
182 ............................................................................................................................. 22.110
North Sydney Printing Pty Ltd v Sabemo Investment Corporation Pty Ltd [1971] 2
NSWLR 150 ............................................................................................................... 21.60
Northern Counties Fire Insurance Co v Whipp (1884) 26 Ch D 482 ......................... 13.50
Northern Sandblasting Pty Ltd v Harris (1997) 188 CLR 313 ........................ 17.80, 17.90
Ogilvie v Ryan [1976] 2 NSWLR 504 ............................................................................ 8.60

P & A Swift Investments v Combined English Stores Group plc [1989] AC 632 .... 17.130
Palumberi v Palumberi (1986) 4 BPR 9106 .................................................................. 4.100
Park v Lasrado [2005] Q ConvR 54-636; [2005] QSC 211 ......................................... 4.110
Parker v Registrar-General [1977] 1 NSWLR 22 ......................................................... 12.40
Perry v Clissold [1907] AC 73 ............................................................................... 3.30, 3.40
Pertsoulis, In the Marriage of (1980) 6 Fam LR 39; [1980] FLC 90-059 .................. 8.110
Pianta v National Finance and Trustees Ltd (1964) 180 CLR 146 .............................. 7.110
Pirie v Registrar-General (1962) 109 CLR 619 ........................................................... 21.110
Pirie v Saunders (1961) 104 CLR 149 .......................................................................... 16.40
Pratten v Warringah Shire Council [1969] 2 NSWR 161 ............................................ 11.90
Progressive Mailing House Pty Ltd v Tabali Pty Ltd (1985) 157 CLR 17 ............... 19.120
Proudfoot v Hart (1890) 25 QBD 42 ............................................................................. 17.40
Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v London Residuary Body [1992] 2 AC 386 ................ 16.60
Purefoy v Rogers (1671) 2 Wms Saund 380; 85 ER 1181 ............................................ 6.40
TABLE OF CASES / xvii
Pyramid Building Society (in liq) v Scorpion Hotels Pty Ltd [1998] 1 VR 188 ........ 10.90
Radaich v Smith (1959) 101 CLR 209 ........................................................................... 16.30

Regent v Millett (1976) 133 CLR 679 ................................................................... 7.20, 7.30
Registrar of Titles (WA) v Franzon (1975) 132 CLR 611 ............................................ 12.30
Rice v Rice (1853) 2 Drew 73; 161 ER 646 ................................................................. 13.90
Riley v Penttila [1974] VR 547 ...................................................................................... 21.20
Rodgers v Moonta Town Corporation (1981) 45 LGRA 405 ..................................... 16.100
Russo v Bendigo Bank Ltd [1999] 3 VR 376 .............................................................. 10.100
Saleeba v Wilke [2007] ANZ ConvR 664; [2007] QSC 298 ....................................... 8.110
Schultz v Corwill Properties Pty Ltd [1969] 2 NSWR 576 ....................................... 10.120
Shelley’s Case (1581) 1 Co Rep 93b; 76 ER 206 ........................................................... 6.40
Shevill v Builders Licensing Board (1982) 149 CLR 620 ........................................... 19.110
Smith v Marrable (1843) 11 M & W 5; 152 ER 693 ................................................... 17.50
Sparta Nominees Pty Ltd v Orchard Holdings Pty Ltd [2002] WASC 54 ................. 19.60
Sprott v Harper [2000] Q ConvR 54-545; [2000] QCA 391 ...................................... 8.110
Stassinopoulos v Stassinopoulos [2011] VSC 647 ........................................................... 8.60
State Bank of New South Wales v Berowra Waters Holdings Pty Ltd (1986) 4 NSWLR
398 ............................................................................................................................. 12.100
Subiaco, City of v Heytesbury Properties Pty Ltd (2001) 24 WAR 146 ..................... 19.90
Sweet & Maxwell Ltd v Universal News Services Ltd [1964] 2 QB 699 ................... 17.20
Tara Shire Council v Garner [2003] 1 Qd R 556 ....................................................... 11.130

Theodore v Mistford Pty Ltd (2005) 221 CLR 612 ...................................................... 20.50
Toohey v Gunther (1928) 41 CLR 181 ........................................................................ 20.150
Trustees of Property of Cummins (a bankrupt) v Cummins (2006) 227 CLR 278 ....... 8.60
Turner v York Motors Pty Ltd (1951) 85 CLR 55 ...................................................... 16.110
Upton v Tasmanian Perpetual Trustees Ltd (2007) 158 FCR 118 ............................. 20.120
Vane v Lord Barnard (1716) 2 Vern 738 ......................................................................... 5.70

Vassos v State Bank of South Australia [1993] 2 VR 316 .......................................... 11.120
Victoria Park Racing and Recreation Grounds Co Ltd v Taylor (1937) 58 CLR
479 ....................................................................................................................... 1.80, 1.90
xviii LAWBRIEF: PROPERTY LAW
Walker v Linom [1907] 2 Ch 104 .................................................................................. 13.60

Walsh v Lonsdale (1882) 21 Ch D 9 ....................................................... 7.120, 7.130, 16.80
Walton Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher (1987) 164 CLR 387 ................................... 15.110
Warren v Keen [1954] 1 QB 15 ..................................................................................... 17.70
Western Australia v Brown [2014] HCA 8 ................................................................... 2.120
Western Australia v Commonwealth (1995) 183 CLR 373 .......................................... 2.130
Western Australia v Ward (2000) 99 FCR 316 .............................................................. 5.10
Western Australia v Ward (2002) 213 CLR 1 .............................................................. 2.120
Whaley, Re [1908] 1 Ch 615 ............................................................................................ 4.90
Whitby v Mitchell (1890) 44 Ch 85 ................................................................................ 6.60
Whitlock v Brew (1968) 118 CLR 445 ........................................................................... 16.50
Wik Peoples v Queensland (1996) 187 CLR 1 .............................................................. 2.120
Wildash and Hutchison, Re; Ex parte Miskin (1877) 1 QLR (Pt II) 47; 5 QSCR
46 ................................................................................................................................. 20.80
Williams v Hensman (1861) 1 J & H 546; 70 ER 862 ................................................. 8.100
Wilson v Anderson (2002) 213 CLR 401 ...................................................................... 2.120
Wright v Gibbons (1949) 78 CLR 313 ............................................................................ 8.20
Yanner v Eaton (1999) 201 CLR 351 ..................................................................... 1.10, 1.20

Yarmirr v Northern Territory (2001) 208 CLR 1 ......................................................... 2.120
Yateley Common (Hampshire), Re [1977] 1 WLR 840 ................................................. 22.80
Zapletal v Wright [1957] Tas SR 211 .............................................................................. 5.50

Table of Statutes
Commonwealth s 27: 8.40
s 29B: 6.50
Acts Interpretation Act 1954 s 36C: 21.100
s 2B: 1.110 s 47: 5.30
Australian Consumer Law: 14.120 s 66G: 8.140
Competition and Consumer Act 2010: s 67: 4.20
14.120 s 70: 21.100
s 70A: 21.100
National Consumer Protection Act 2009:
s 84(1)(a): 17.40
20.60
s 84(1)(b): 17.40
s 21: 20.60
s 85(1)(a): 17.40
Native Title Act 1993: 2.10, 2.110, 2.120, s 85(1)(d): 17.40, 19.50
2.130 s 88(3): 21.120, 21.130
s 3: 2.120 s 88A: 21.50
s 81: 2.120 s 88B(3): 21.20
s 108: 2.120 s 88K: 21.50
s 190B: 2.120 s 89: 21.80, 21.130, 22.80
s 211: 1.20 s 111: 20.110
s 223(1): 2.120 s 111A: 20.110
s 223(2): 2.120 s 112(3): 20.130
s 225: 2.120 s 120: 19.50
Trade Practices Act 1974: 14.130 s 127(1): 16.130
s 129: 19.50
New South Wales s 130: 19.50
s 146: 22.100, 22.150
Agricultural Tenancies Act 1990 s 179: 21.70
s 10: 4.20 Fair Trading (Retirement Villages) Code:

Coal Acquisition Act 1981 14.160
s 5: 1.110 Imperial Acts Application Act 1969
Conveyancing Act 1919 s 8: 6.50
s 7: 4.20 Interpretation Act 1987
s 9: 5.70 s 21(1): 1.110
s 16: 6.50 Limitation Act 1969
s 17: 6.40 s 27(2): 3.50, 3.90, 22.140
s 18: 22.140 s 28: 3.60
s 19: 5.25 s 38: 3.60
s 19A: 5.25 s 38(2): 3.80
s 23A: 6.60 s 39: 3.80
s 23B: 7.20, 16.80, 19.70, 21.50 s 54(1): 3.80
s 23C: 7.20, 20.30 s 65: 3.90
s 23C(1)(b): 15.60 Local Government Act 1919: 11.90
s 23D: 7.20, 16.80 Perpetuities Act 1984: 6.60
s 26: 8.40 s 10: 6.70
xx LAWBRIEF: PROPERTY LAW
Perpetuities Act 1984 – continued ss 55 to 61: 18.50

s 65: 18.70
s 87: 18.70
s 17: 6.80 s 120: 18.70
Real Property Act 1900: 9.20, 11.90 s 157A: 18.40
s 42(1)(a1): 11.40 s 159: 18.40
s 12(1): 9.50 Retail Leases Act 1994
s 12(1)(d): 12.90
s 3: 18.80
s 31B: 9.40
s 5: 18.80
s 33: 9.60
s 11(1): 18.100
s 36(5): 9.90
s 11(2): 18.100
s 41: 7.40, 9.70, 20.30
Pt 3: 18.110
s 42: 9.110, 10.20, 10.50
Pt 8: 18.120
s 42(1)(a): 11.20
Sch 2: 18.100
s 42(1)(c): 11.30
Retirement Villages Act 1999
s 42(1)(d): 11.50
s 5: 14.110
s 43: 10.50, 13.80
s 19: 14.120
s 45C: 3.50
s 51: 14.160
s 46: 22.70
s 70: 14.160
s 46A: 21.20, 21.50
s 122: 14.160
s 47: 21.80
s 125: 14.160
s 54: 19.70
s 129: 14.160
s 56: 22.70
Strata Schemes Management Act 1996:
s 56(2): 22.130
14.20
s 57: 20.110
s 12: 14.60
s 57(1): 20.20
s 16: 14.60
ss 57 to 58: 22.150
s 18: 14.60
s 58: 20.110
s 45: 14.60
s 61: 20.100
s 62: 14.60
s 65: 20.160
Ch 5: 14.90
s 97: 8.120
Pt 5: 14.100
s 100: 8.40
s 105: 11.60 Succession Act 2006
s 117: 10.130 s 38: 5.30

s 117A: 10.130
s 120: 12.20 Queensland
s 120(2): 12.50
s 129(2): 12.50 Acts Interpretation Act 1954
s 129A: 12.60 Sch 1: 1.110
s 130: 12.60 Body Corporate and Community
s 131(2): 12.50 Management Act 1997: 14.20
s 133: 12.50 s 31: 14.60
Pt 6A: 3.90 s 94: 14.60
Pt 7A: 13.110 s 95: 14.60
Residential Tenancies Act 2010 s 99: 14.60
s 7: 18.20 s 168: 14.100
s 8: 18.20 s 169: 14.100
s 13(1): 18.20 Ch 6: 14.90
s 41: 18.50 Fauna Conservation Act 1974: 1.20
s 50: 18.50, 18.70 Land Title Act 1994: 9.20, 11.130
TABLE OF STATUTES / xxi
Land Title Act 1994 – continued s 24(1): 3.90

s 35(1)(a): 3.80
Pt 3: 3.90
s 15: 9.50, 12.90
Mineral Resources Act 1989
s 17: 9.50
s 8: 1.110
s 26: 9.50
Property Law Act 1974
s 27: 9.40
s 7: 6.50
s 28: 9.40
s 10: 7.20, 16.80, 19.70, 20.30
s 38: 9.110
s 10(1): 21.50
s 42: 9.60
s 11: 7.20
s 59: 8.120
s 11(1)(b): 15.60
s 62: 9.70
s 12: 7.20
s 69: 19.70
s 12(2): 16.80
s 74: 20.20 s 22: 5.25
s 78(2)(c)(ii): 20.100 s 24: 5.70
s 81: 20.160 s 25: 5.70
s 82(1): 21.50 s 28: 6.40
s 86: 21.20 s 29: 5.30
s 89: 21.50 s 30: 6.50
s 90: 21.80 s 32: 6.50
s 97A: 21.120 s 35: 8.40
s 97E: 22.70 s 36: 8.40
s 117: 11.60 s 53(1): 21.100
s 177: 9.90 s 53(2): 21.100
s 180: 11.70 s 55: 21.100
s 181: 20.30 s 75: 20.30
s 182: 7.40 s 84: 20.110
s 184: 10.20 s 85: 20.110
s 184(2): 13.80 s 87: 20.130
s 185(1)(a): 10.50, 11.100 s 105(1)(a): 17.40
s 185(1)(c): 11.40 s 105(1)(b): 17.40
s 185(1)(d): 3.50 s 106: 17.40
s 185(1)(e): 11.20 s 106(1)(a): 17.80
s 185(1)(g): 11.30 s 107(1)(a): 17.40

s 185(1A): 10.130 s 107(1)(d): 17.40, 19.50
s 185(2): 11.50 s 119: 19.50
s 188: 12.20 s 124: 19.50
s 188(2): 12.50 s 125: 19.50
s 188A: 12.60 s 129(1): 16.130
s 188C: 12.50 s 155: 4.20
s 189: 12.50 s 176: 22.100, 22.130
s 189A: 12.60 s 177: 22.140
s 190: 12.50 s 178: 21.70
Pt 6, Div 5: 3.90 s 180: 21.50
Pt 7, Div 2: 13.110 s 181: 21.80, 21.130, 22.80
Limitation of Actions Act 1974 s 198A: 21.70
s 13: 3.50, 22.140 s 209(1): 6.60
s 14: 3.60 s 213: 6.70
s 19: 3.60 s 215: 6.80
s 21: 3.80 s 216: 6.60
xxii LAWBRIEF: PROPERTY LAW
Property Law Act 1974 – continued Pt 14: 14.90

Estates Tail Act 1881
s 2: 5.25
s 239: 4.20
Landlord and Tenant Act 1936
Pt 4, Div 2: 8.140
s 4: 19.50
Pt 7: 22.150
s 9: 19.50
Sch 6: 4.20
s 10: 19.50
Residential Tenancies Act 1975
s 12: 19.50
s 7(a): 17.80
s 47(c): 19.50
Residential Tenancies and Rooming
Law of Property Act 1936
Accommodation Act 2008 s 7: 4.20
s 12: 18.20 s 12: 5.70
s 30: 18.20 s 22: 21.70
s 31: 18.20 s 25: 6.50
s 91: 18.50 s 26: 7.20
s 112: 18.40 s 28: 7.20, 16.80, 19.70, 20.30, 21.50
s 153: 18.70 s 29: 7.20
s 183: 18.50 s 29(1)(b): 15.60
s 184: 18.70 s 30: 7.20, 16.80
ss 192 to 204: 18.50 s 34: 21.100
s 216: 18.70 s 38: 22.100, 22.140
s 218: 18.70 s 48: 20.110
s 219: 18.70 s 49(2): 20.130
Retail Shop Leases Act 1994 s 62: 6.60
s 22: 18.100 s 69: 8.140
s 24: 18.110 Limitation of Actions Act 1936
Pt 6: 18.110 s 4: 3.50, 22.140
Pt 9, Divs 1 to 2: 18.120 s 6: 3.60
Sch 1: 18.80 s 18: 3.80
Retail Shop Leases Regulation 2006 s 21(b): 3.80
reg 3: 18.100 s 28: 3.90
Retirement Villages Act 1999 s 48: 3.90
s 5: 14.110 Mining Act 1971
s 45: 14.120 s 16: 1.110

s 52: 14.160 Real Property Act 1886: 9.20
s 53: 14.160
s 3: 1.110
s 127: 14.160 s 47: 9.40
s 130: 14.160 s 49: 9.40
s 154: 14.160 s 51C: 9.60
s 167: 14.160 s 56: 9.90
Succession Act 1981 s 57: 7.40, 9.70
s 33K: 5.30 s 64: 21.80, 21.130, 22.70, 22.80
s 67: 20.30
South Australia s 69: 9.110, 10.20
s 69(a): 10.50
Community Titles Act 1996: 14.20 s 69(b): 10.130
s 34: 14.100 s 69(c): 11.30
s 71: 14.60 s 69(d): 11.40
s 75: 14.60 s 69(e): 11.20
s 76: 14.60 s 69(f): 3.50
TABLE OF STATUTES / xxiii
Real Property Act 1886 – continued s 93: 18.70

Retail and Commercial Leases Act 1995
s 3: 18.80
s 69(h): 11.50
s 4: 18.80
s 69(i): 11.60
s 12(1): 18.100
s 71(d): 11.100
s 12(2): 18.100
s 71(e): 11.100
s 12(5): 18.100
s 72: 13.80
ss 21 to 24: 18.110
s 74: 8.40
ss 26 to 34: 18.110
s 86: 21.50 Pt 9: 18.120
s 90: 21.50
s 90B: 21.50, 21.80
s 3: 14.110
s 90C: 21.20
s 17: 14.120
s 119: 11.50 s 28(3): 14.160
ss 120 to 122: 19.70 s 30: 14.160
s 124(a): 17.40 s 31: 14.160
s 124(b): 17.40 s 32: 14.160
s 125: 17.40 s 32(6)(a): 14.160
s 125(c): 17.40, 19.50 Wills Act 1936
s 128: 22.130 s 31: 5.30
s 132: 20.20
s 133: 22.150
Tasmania
s 137: 22.150
s 140: 20.100
Acts Interpretation Act 1931
s 143: 20.160
s 46: 1.110
s 186: 13.80
Conveyancing and Law of Property Act
s 187: 13.80
1884
s 191: 13.110
s 2: 4.20
s 203: 12.20, 12.50
s 6: 4.20
s 205: 12.50
s 15(1): 19.50
s 209: 12.60
s 15(3): 19.50
s 211: 12.50
s 16: 19.50
s 212: 12.50
s 22: 20.110
s 215: 12.50
s 23(2): 20.130
s 220: 9.50 s 28: 20.30
s 220(f): 12.90 s 36: 7.20
s 249: 11.100 s 56: 22.100, 22.150
s 267: 10.130 s 57: 22.140
s 268: 10.130 s 60: 7.20, 16.80, 19.70, 21.50
Pt 7A: 3.90 s 60(2)(b): 15.60
Residential Tenancies Act 1995 s 60(4): 16.80
s 3: 18.20 s 61: 21.100
s 5: 18.20 s 61(2): 5.30
s 55(2)(c): 18.50 s 71: 21.100
s 61(3): 18.40 s 71A: 21.100
s 65: 18.50 s 79: 6.50
s 68: 18.70 s 80: 6.50
s 71: 18.70 s 81: 6.50
s 72: 18.50 s 84C: 21.80, 21.130, 22.80
s 80: 18.70 s 84D: 21.70
xxiv LAWBRIEF: PROPERTY LAW
Conveyancing and Law of Property s 109: 21.20

Act 1884 – continued s 113: 5.25
s 138T: 3.50
s 138X: 3.90
s 84J: 21.50
s 139: 12.90
s 90A(1): 21.50
s 151: 12.50
Fair Trading (Code of Practice for Retail
s 152: 12.20, 12.60
Tenancies) Regulations 1998
s 152(2): 12.50
Pt 1: 18.80
s 153: 12.50
Pt 1, reg 2(3)(b): 18.80
s 158: 12.50
Pt 1, reg 2(4)(b): 18.80
s 159: 12.50
Pt 2, reg 6: 18.100
s 160: 9.50
Pt 2, reg 7(3): 18.100
Pt IX: 13.110
Pt 4: 18.120
Landlord and Tenant Act 1935
Sch 1, Pt 2, regs 12 to 17: 18.110
s 26: 4.20
Sch 1, Pt 2, regs 18 to 19: 18.110
App B: 18.100
Limitation Act 1974
s 10(2): 3.50
Land Titles Act 1980: 9.20
s 11: 3.60
s 33: 9.40, 9.60
s 16: 3.60
s 39: 7.40
s 19: 3.80
s 40: 9.70, 10.20
s 21: 3.90
s 40(1): 9.110
s 23(1): 22.140
s 40(3)(a): 10.50
s 29(1)(a): 3.80
s 40(3)(d): 11.50
Pt III: 3.90
s 40(3)(e): 11.40
s 40(3)(f): 11.30
Mineral Resources Development Act
s 40(3)(g): 11.60 1995
s 40(b): 11.20 s 6: 1.110
s 41: 13.80 Partition Act 1869
s 42: 13.80 s 3: 8.140
s 44: 8.40 Perpetuities and Accumulation Act 1992
s 48: 9.90 s 6(1): 6.60
s 49: 20.30 s 10: 6.70
s 63(1): 8.120 s 12: 6.80

s 65: 19.70 s 21: 6.60
s 66(a): 17.40 Residential Tenancy Act 1997
s 66(b): 17.40 s 6: 18.20
s 67(a): 17.40 s 10: 18.20
s 67(b): 17.40, 19.50 s 20: 18.50
s 72(b): 22.130 s 25(4): 18.40
s 73: 20.20 s 33: 18.70
s 78: 20.110 s 34: 18.70
s 85: 20.100 s 42: 18.70
s 89: 20.160 s 45: 18.70
s 102: 21.120 s 52: 18.70
s 104: 21.130 s 55: 18.50
s 105: 21.50 s 56: 18.50
s 106: 21.50 Retirement Villages Act 2004
s 107: 22.70 s 3: 14.110
s 108: 21.80 s 6: 14.120
TABLE OF STATUTES / xxv
Retirement Villages Act Property (Co-Ownership) Act 2005: 8.90

2004 – continued Property Law Act 1958
s 18(1): 4.20
s 8: 14.160 s 52: 7.20, 16.80, 19.70, 20.30, 21.50
s 16: 14.160 s 53: 7.20
s 22: 14.160 s 53(1)(b): 15.60
s 28: 14.160 s 54: 7.20, 16.80
Strata Titles Act 1998: 14.20 s 56: 21.100
s 60: 5.30
s 10: 14.60
s 62: 4.20
s 74: 14.60
s 70: 22.140
s 81: 14.60
s 77: 22.100
s 90: 14.100
s 78: 21.100
Pt 9: 14.90
s 79: 21.100
Wills Act 2008
s 84: 21.80, 21.130, 22.70, 22.80
s 52: 5.30
s 103: 20.110
s 104(2): 20.130
Victoria s 125: 22.150
s 127: 22.100
Electricity Industry Act 2000 s 130: 6.40
s 88: 21.50
s 132: 6.50
Imperial Acts Application Act 1980 s 132A(1): 5.70
s 5: 6.50 s 132A(5): 5.70
Interpretation of Legislation Act 1984 s 133: 5.70
s 38: 1.110 s 146(1): 19.50
Landlord and Tenant Act 1958 s 146(5): 19.50
s 28: 4.20 s 148: 19.50
Limitation of Actions Act 1958 s 191: 6.50
s 8: 3.50 s 192: 6.50
s 14(1): 3.60 s 195: 21.70
s 14(2): 3.60 s 196: 21.50, 21.70
s 16: 3.80 s 225: 8.140
s 18: 3.90 s 249: 5.25
s 20(1): 22.140 Residential Tenancies Act 1997

s 24(1)(a): 3.80 s 3: 18.20
Pt II: 3.90 ss 7 to 13: 18.20
Mineral Resources (Sustainable ss 20 to 23: 18.20
Development) Act 1990 s 31(1): 18.40
s 9: 1.110 s 44: 18.50
Owners Corporations Act 2006: 14.20 s 59: 18.70
s 4: 14.60 s 60: 18.70
s 98: 14.60 s 67: 18.50
s 99: 14.60 s 72: 18.70
s 138: 14.100 s 86: 18.50
Pt 10: 14.90 s 208: 18.70
Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 1968 Pt 7: 18.70
s 5(1): 6.60 Retail Leases Act 2003
s 9: 6.70 s 4: 18.80
s 11: 6.80 s 17: 18.100
s 12: 6.60 Pt 5, Div 4: 18.110
xxvi LAWBRIEF: PROPERTY LAW
Retail Leases Act 2003 – continued ss 104 to 106: 9.50

s 109(2): 12.50
s 109(3)(a): 12.50
Pt 5, Divs 2 to 3: 18.110 s 110: 12.20
Pt 10: 18.120 s 110(2): 12.50
Retail Leases Regulations 2003 s 110(4): 12.60
Sch 1: 18.100 s 111: 12.50
Retirement Villages Act 1986 Pt V, Div 1: 13.110
s 3: 14.110 Wills Act 1997
s 16: 14.160 s 42: 5.30
s 19: 14.120
s 36: 14.160
Western Australia
s 37: 14.160
s 38E: 14.160
Commercial Tenancy (Retail Shops)
s 38F: 14.160
Agreements Act 1985
Subdivision Act 1988
s 3: 18.80
s 23: 21.20
s 6(1): 18.100
Transfer of Land Act 1958: 9.20
s 7: 18.110
s 27: 9.40
s 8: 18.110
s 27B: 9.60
ss 12 to 12B: 18.110
s 30(2): 8.40
s 16: 18.120
s 34: 9.90
Commercial Tenancy (Retail Shops)
s 40: 7.40, 9.70, 20.30
Agreements Regulations 1985: 18.100
s 42: 9.110, 10.20
s 42(1): 10.50
Fair Trading (Retirement Villages) Code:
s 42(1)(a): 11.20 14.160
s 42(1)(b): 11.30 Interpretation Act 1984
s 42(2)(b): 3.50 s 5: 1.110
s 42(2)(d): 11.40 Limitation Act 2005
s 42(2)(e): 11.50 s 19: 3.50, 22.140
s 42(2)(f): 11.60 s 47: 3.80
s 43: 13.80 s 65: 3.60
s 60: 3.90 s 65(2): 3.80
s 66: 11.50 s 74: 3.90

s 67(1)(a): 17.40 s 75: 3.90
s 67(1)(b): 17.40 s 84(a): 3.80
s 67(1)(c): 17.40 Mining Act 1978
s 67(1)(d): 17.40, 19.50 s 9: 1.110
s 69: 19.70 Property Law Act 1969
s 72: 21.50 s 7: 4.20
s 73: 21.80 s 11: 21.100
s 74: 22.130 s 17: 5.70
s 74(2): 20.20 s 23: 5.25
s 77(1): 20.110 s 26: 6.50
s 79: 20.100 s 27: 6.40
s 84: 20.160 s 28: 6.50
s 87A: 10.130 s 33: 7.20, 16.80, 19.70, 20.30
s 87B: 10.130 s 33(1): 21.50
s 88: 21.120, 21.130 s 34: 7.20
s 103(2): 12.90 s 34(1)(b): 15.60
TABLE OF STATUTES / xxvii
Property Law Act 1969 – continued s 48: 9.40

s 48B: 9.60
s 53: 9.90
s 35: 7.20
s 58: 7.40, 9.70, 20.30
s 35(2): 16.80
s 60: 8.40
s 37: 5.30
s 68: 9.110, 10.20
s 43: 22.140
s 68(1): 10.50, 11.20, 11.30
s 47: 21.100
s 68(1A): 3.50, 11.50
s 48: 21.100
s 68(3)(c): 11.40
s 57: 22.100
s 81R: 22.70, 22.80
s 59: 20.110
s 92(1)(a): 17.40
s 60(2): 20.130
s 92(1)(b): 17.40
s 71: 16.130
s 93(1)(a): 17.40
s 72: 16.130
s 93(1)(b): 17.40
s 73: 19.50
s 93(2): 19.50
s 81(1): 19.50
s 98: 19.70
s 81(4): 19.50
s 105: 22.130
s 101: 6.60
s 106: 20.20
s 107: 6.70
s 108: 22.150
s 109: 6.80
s 121: 20.100
s 114: 6.60
s 123: 20.160
s 121: 21.70
s 129A: 21.120
s 126: 8.140
s 129BA: 21.50
Residential Tenancies Act 1987
s 129BB: 21.130
s 3: 18.20
s 129C: 21.130
s 5(2): 18.20
s 134: 10.50, 13.80
s 29: 18.40
s 136F: 21.50
s 30: 18.50
s 136H: 21.20
s 39: 18.70
s 136J: 21.80
s 43: 18.70
s 188: 9.50
s 44: 18.50
s 188(ii): 12.90
s 46: 18.50
s 62: 18.70 s 196: 12.50
s 201: 12.20
s 80: 18.70
s 201(5): 12.60
s 205: 12.50
s 3: 14.110
s 13: 14.120 s 210: 12.50
s 17: 14.160 s 211: 12.50
s 42: 14.160 s 214: 10.130
Div 5: 14.160 s 214A: 10.130
Strata Titles Act 1985 s 222: 3.90
s 4: 14.20 Pt V: 13.110
s 32: 14.60 Wills Act 1970
s 35: 14.60 s 26(e): 5.30
s 42: 14.100
s 44: 14.60 United Kingdom
s 45: 14.60
Pt VI: 14.90 Statute of Uses 1535: 6.40
Transfer of Land Act 1893: 9.20 Statute of Wills 1540: 6.40
MindMap00
Possession Interests
What is “Property”? (Ch 1) Doctrine of Estates (Ch 5)

The Doctrine of Tenure and Future Interests (Ch 6)
Native Title (Ch 2) Legal and Equitable Interests (Ch 7)
Adverse Possession (Ch 3) Co-Ownership (Ch 8)
Fixtures (Ch 4)
Title Dealings
The Torrens System (Ch 9) Leases: Characteristics (Ch 16)

Exceptions to Indefeasibility: Leases: Covenants (Ch 17)
The Fraud Exception (Ch 10) Residential Tenancies and

Exceptions to Indefeasibility: Retail Shop Leases (Ch 18)
Other Statutory Provisions and Leases: Determination and
the In Personam Exception (Ch 11) Remedies (Ch 19)
State Guarantee of Title (Ch 12) Mortgages and the Rights
Priorities and Caveats (Ch 13) of the Mortgagee (Ch 20)
Strata Title and Retirement Easements and Restrictive
Villages (Ch 14) Covenants (Ch 21)
Dispositions of Property Profits à Prendre and
Interests (Ch 15) Rentcharges (Ch 22)

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LawBrief: Property Law

INTERNATIONAL AGENTS & DISTRIBUTORS

NORTH AMERICA ASIA PACIFIC

LATIN AMERICA EUROPE

LAWBOOK CO. 2015

National Library of Australia

© 2015 Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited

This publication is copyright. Other than for the purposes of and

Editor: Corina Brooks

Printed by Ligare Pty Ltd, Riverwood, NSW

This book has been printed on paper certified by the Programme

my fixtures Tony, Hannah, Abby and Callum

Part I: What is Property and the Importance of Possession

Part II: Interests in Land

Part III: Title to Land

10: Exceptions to Indefeasibility: The Fraud Exception ..................................................................... 83

Part IV: Dealings in Land

21: Easements and Restrictive Covenants ....................................................................................... 183

Index ................................................................................................................................................... 201

Level 1 Access to Information

Level 3 Access to documents

Governed by Rules of Court

Altin v Latimer Clark Muirhead & Co [1894] 2 Ch 437 ............................................. 17.50

Bacon v O’Dea (1989) 25 FCR 495 ............................................................................. 13.110

Breskvar v Wall (1971) 126 CLR 376 ................................................................ 9.110, 9.120

Calverley v Green (1984) 155 CLR 242 ............................................................... 8.60, 15.70

Forgeard v Shanahan (1994) 35 NSWLR 206 ................................................................ 8.80

Hamilton Island Enterprises Ltd v Boss [2010] 2 Qd R 115 ..................................... 17.120

Ogilvie v Ryan [1976] 2 NSWLR 504 ............................................................................ 8.60

Radaich v Smith (1959) 101 CLR 209 ........................................................................... 16.30

Tara Shire Council v Garner [2003] 1 Qd R 556 ....................................................... 11.130

Vane v Lord Barnard (1716) 2 Vern 738 ......................................................................... 5.70

Walker v Linom [1907] 2 Ch 104 .................................................................................. 13.60

Yanner v Eaton (1999) 201 CLR 351 ..................................................................... 1.10, 1.20

Zapletal v Wright [1957] Tas SR 211 .............................................................................. 5.50

s 10: 4.20 Fair Trading (Retirement Villages) Code:

Perpetuities Act 1984 – continued ss 55 to 61: 18.50

s 117: 10.130 s 38: 5.30

Land Title Act 1994 – continued s 24(1): 3.90

s 185(1)(g): 11.30 s 107(1)(a): 17.40

Property Law Act 1974 – continued Pt 14: 14.90

s 45: 14.120 s 16: 1.110

Real Property Act 1886 – continued s 93: 18.70

Conveyancing and Law of Property s 109: 21.20

s 63(1): 8.120 s 12: 6.80

Retirement Villages Act Property (Co-Ownership) Act 2005: 8.90

s 20(1): 22.140 Residential Tenancies Act 1997

Retail Leases Act 2003 – continued ss 104 to 106: 9.50

s 66: 11.50 s 74: 3.90

Property Law Act 1969 – continued s 48: 9.40

What is “Property”? (Ch 1) Doctrine of Estates (Ch 5)

The Torrens System (Ch 9) Leases: Characteristics (Ch 16)

The Fraud Exception (Ch 10) Residential Tenancies and

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