Professional Documents
Culture Documents
History
1. What‘s German about German
History?
Christoph Nonn
Guido Thiemeyer
Tobias Winnerling
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Organizational Matters
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire Slides for download:
1.3 The German
Language • http://www.geschichte.hhu.de/lehre/introd
1.4 German Nation(s) uctory-lecture-modern-german-history.html
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside • Basic literature:
Our Borders?
Neil MacGregor: Germany. Memories of a
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders? Nation, London 2014
ULB: 02 his n 041.m147
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters The German People
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Nuremberg
Chronicle,
1493
(“Schedelsche
Weltchronik”)
Title Page
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters “German People”
1.1 The German
People
“teutsches volck”
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
vs.
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
“German Nation”
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
“teutsche nation”
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Late 15th century German intellectuals had no
clear definition of “German People” or “German
Nation”. Both were used to describe:
People descended from ancient Germans
People inhabiting specific German regions
People speaking German
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Nuremberg
Chronicle,
Ancient
German Lands
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Nuremberg
Chronicle,
Larger German
Lands
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters The Holy Roman Empire
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Holy Roman Empire
1.1 The German
People Far larger than modern Germany
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire Incorporating many non-German regions
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Holy Roman
Empire, c. 1500,
superimposed on
modern borders
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters “German Emperorship”
1.1 The German
People
“teutsches kayserthumb”
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s) Holy Roman Empire of
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside the German Nation
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Heiliges Römisches Reich
Inside Our Borders? deutscher Nation
Holy Roman Emperor seen as successor of
the Ancient Roman Emperors and heir of
Charlemagne
Right to elect the Emperor seen as God‘s gift
to the Germans
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 What is ʻNon-
Germanʼ?
1.5 German Nation(s)
1.6 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.7 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Imperial Election of 1519
1.1 The German
People Francis I,
1.2 The Holy Roman King of
Empire France
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders? Henry VIII,
King of
England
Carlos I, King of Spain;
Elected King of the
Romans Charles V
(Karl V.)
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Holy Roman Empire
1.1 The German
People
of the German Nation (until 1806)
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire No nation-state
1.3 The German No unified state
Language
1.4 German Nation(s) But: More than just a loose
1.5 Someone/-thing federation of principalities
German Still Outside
Our Borders? Seen by many of its
1.6 Someone Else inhabitants as a mixed
Inside Our Borders?
political order combining the
best of monarchy, aristocracy,
and republicanism
Imperial Patriotism
(“Reichspatriotismus”)
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters The German Language
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Language or Dialect?
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Main division between Low
1.1 The German German (“Niederdeutsch”) and
People Upper German (“Oberdeutsch”)
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire Language status is a political
1.3 The German matter: In the 16th century
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
Dutch is still counted as a
1.5 Someone/-thing German dialect (“Duytsch”)
German Still Outside
Our Borders? German as a language is considered of low
1.6 Someone Else value even by German native speakers
Inside Our Borders?
during early modernity
Latin is the language of learning, German the
language of the law; the imperial institutions
record their proceedings in German
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters German Nation(s)
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
1.1 The German
„Germany? But
People where is it? I
1.2 The Holy Roman cannot find the
Empire
1.3 The German
land, where the
Language learned begins, the
1.4 German Nation(s) political ends.“
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders? Friedrich Schiller
1.0 Organizational
Matters
1.1 The German
„Germany? But
People where is it? I
1.2 The Holy Roman cannot find the
Empire
1.3 The German
land, where the
Language learned begins, the
1.4 German Nation(s) political ends.“
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders? Friedrich Schiller
1.0 Organizational
Matters
1.1 The German
„Germany? But
People where is it? I
1.2 The Holy Roman cannot find the
Empire
1.3 The German
land, where the
Language learned begins, the
1.4 German Nation(s) political ends.“
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders? Friedrich Schiller
Question of Borders
Question of Constitution
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
German Confederation
1.1 The German (Deutscher Bund)
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
German Confederation
1.1 The German (Deutscher Bund)
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
North German Confederation
1.1 The German
People 1867-1871
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
German Empire
1.1 The German
People 1871-1918
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
German Empire (Weimar Republic)
1.1 The German
People 1919-1933
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
German Empire (NS Germany)
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Summer
1938
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
German Empire (NS Germany)
1.1 The German
People September
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1939
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
German Empire (“Greater Germany”)
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman 1944
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Occupied Germany
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
1945
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
Since
1990
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
1.1 The German
„Germany? But
People where is it? I
1.2 The Holy Roman cannot find the
Empire
1.3 The German
land, where the
Language learned begins, the
1.4 German Nation(s) political ends.“
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders? Friedrich Schiller
Question of Borders
Question of Constitution
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
German Empire
1.1 The German
People 1871-1918
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Someone/-thing German
1.1 The German
People Still Outside Our Borders?
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Someone/-thing German Still
1.1 The German
People
Outside Our Borders?
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire The “Austrian Question”
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Overseas
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Overseas: German Migration Abroad
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman Canada
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside USA
Our Borders? ca. 5.4 million
1.6 Someone Else
Brazil
Inside Our Borders?
Argentina
Australia
Southeastern
Europe
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Overseas: German Colonies
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Someone/-thing German Still
1.1 The German
People
Outside Our Borders?
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire Eastern Europe
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Eastern Europe
1.1 The German “Mitteleuropa” / “Central Europe”
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Eastern Europe: “Deutscher Kulturboden”
1.1 The German / German “Cultural Ground”
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Eastern Europe: “Verlorene Ostgebiete”
1.1 The German “Lost Eastern Territories”
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Someone Else Inside Our Borders?
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Someone Else Inside Our Borders?
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Someone Else Inside Our Borders?
1.1 The German
People Poles, Danes, Alsatians
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Catholics
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters Someone Else Inside Our Borders?
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Poles, Danes, Alsatians
Empire
1.3 The German Catholics
Language
1.4 German Nation(s) Jews
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders? Muslims
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders? Migrants
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Poles, Danes, Alsatians
1.1 The German
People Catholics, Jews, Muslims
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire Migrants
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Italian construction
workers in Germany
(ca. 1900)
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Poles, Danes, Alsatians
1.1 The German
People Catholics, Jews, Muslims
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire Migrants
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Forced labour
during World War II
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Poles, Danes, Alsatians
1.1 The German
People Catholics, Jews, Muslims
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire Migrants
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Poles, Danes, Alsatians
1.1 The German
People Catholics, Jews, Muslims
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire Migrants
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
Poles, Danes, Alsatians
1.1 The German
People Catholics, Jews, Muslims
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire Migrants
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?
Asylum seekers
(since 1970s)
Introduction to Modern German History: 1. What‘s German about German History?
1.0 Organizational
Matters
A Country of Immigrants?
1.1 The German
People
1.2 The Holy Roman
Empire
1.3 The German
Language
1.4 German Nation(s)
1.5 Someone/-thing
German Still Outside
Our Borders?
1.6 Someone Else
Inside Our Borders?