BIOLOGY UNIT 2 PAPER 2testcope02207010 MAY/JUNE2007 FORMTP2007166 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION BIOLOGY - UNIT2 Paper 01 90 minutes A JUNE 2007 (p.m.) READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY. 1, Inadditionto this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. 2. _ Eachitem in this testhas four suggested answers lettered (A), (B),(C), (D). Read each item youare about to answer and decide which choice is best. 3. Onyour answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look atthe sample item below. Sampleltem Which of the following is NOT a formof_ ¥ energy storage? > i (A) ATP Sample Answer B ®) Lid e000 E (© Alcohol ‘ ©) Lacticacid R ‘The best answer to this item is “ATP” , so answer space (A) has been blackened. 4, Ifyouwanttochange your answer, besureto erase your old answer completely and fillin yournew choice. 5. Whenyouaretold tobegin, tum the pageandworkas quickly andas carefully as youcan. Ifyoucannot answer an item, omititand goonto thenextone. Youcancome back to the harderitem later. Your score willbe the total number of correct answers. ‘Youmay do any rough work inthis booklet. Figures arenot necessarily drawn toscale. The use ofnon-programmablecalculatorsisallowed. Thistest consists of45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them. yeas 10. Donotbeconcemed that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are itemsin thistest. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. CCopyright©2006 Caribbean Examinations Council llrightsreserved. 1720101 CAPR2007 + ‘A APFIXSEALHERE 42 Inplantcells, which of the following processes uses ATP? (A) Osmosis inroot hairs (B) Mineral uptake in root hairs © __ Diffusion into roothairs (@) — Turgor pressure in root cortex The spongy mesophyll is the chief site of gaseous exchange in a dicotyledonous leaf This is possible because the cells are (A) elongated in shape and vertically packed ) _inregularin shape and tightly packed (© found near the upper surface of the leaf (©) , found near the lower surface of the leaf Which of the following processes, taking place during photosynthesis, returns chlorophyll molecules to their reduced state? (A) Formation of ATP (B) Photolysis of water (©) __ Excitation of Photosystem (D) Oxidation of NADPH (02207010/CAPE2007 a \ RuBP GALP TP 7, Intermediary Products ‘THE CALVIN CYCLE ATP, produced in photophosphorylation, is used in the Calvin Cycle shown above. Which of the following combinations correctly identifies the stages, labelled I to IV where ATP is used? (A) Iand If only (B) TandIlonly (©) Mand IV only (BD) IVandillonly An investigation of the effect of light intensity and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis ofa suspension of Chlorella cells showed that at higher light intensities, the cells photosynthesized much faster at 20°C than at 15°C. This is because (A) photosynthesis is an enzyme controlled process (B) carbon dioxide diffuses at higher temperatures (C)__ high temperatures favour high transpiration rates (D) higher light intensities increase the rate of photolysis of water GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE“3: 6. Ifoxygenisnot available during the process Item 9 refers to the following apparatus set Of aerobic respiration, the net number of up to determine the rate of respiration of ATP molecules produced from a molecule germinating seeds. of glucose is 2 Glass tubing of ® 4 2mm internal diameter OQ . Shallow ©) B tray of water 7. Inthe diagram of the mitochondrion below, Ge Water in enzymes which catalyse oxidative tube Phosphorylation are located at site Germinating seeds Position of meniscus I ‘The results of the experiment are presented a in the table below. Time Volume of Oxygen she (mins) Absorbed (cm’) (based on distance y moved by meniscus) 5 16 @ 1 10 21 @®) w 15 34 © mW 2 42 @) WwW 9. , Which of the following quantities represents 8. Which of the following pairs of options is the average rate of oxygen uptake by the correct for both the Krebs cycle and the seeds during the time course of the electron transport chain? experiment? Krebs Cycle (A) 42m? min* ‘Transport Chi (B) 0.21 cm’ min* (A) | 02 is not consumed | O; is consumed © 1.26 cm? min* (B) | COz not produced —_| CO; produced @) 67 cm br! (©) | Site of action is the | Site of action is the . inner membrane of | innerlayerofthe | 10. In muscle tissue lindergoing strenuous the mitochondrion | grana ‘contractions, the formation of lactate is due (D) | NAD*is reduced to | NAD" is reduced to tothe NADH +H" NADH +H? 4 (A) highconcentration ofcarbon dioxide B) high concentration of glycogen (©) _ low concentration of glucose (D) _ low concentration of oxygen GO ONTO THENEXT PAGE 02207010/CAPE 2007-4- 11. Which of the followingis acomect definition of the term ‘habitat"? (A) The relationship between an ‘organism and other species (B) The interacting community of ‘organisms and the environment (©) The way inwhich the environment is exploited by the organism (D) Allocation within a biome where an organism dwells 12. Net primary production (NPP) is (A) the transfer of energy through an ecosystem (B) ‘the amount of organic material + available to herbivores (© theamountof organic material made inphotosynthesis (D) the amount of energy reaching the earth's surface 13. The figure below represents an ecological pyramid of numbers. The species of organisms in the pyramid are blackbirds, aphids, lice and cherry trees. w x ¥ Zz Match EACH of the species below with the options above. w x Y Zz (A)|tice aphids [blackbirds] cherry trees B) [biackbirds| Tice aphids [cherry trees ©Japhids [chery [lice ‘Blackbirds trees (D)|lice blackbirds) aphids | cherry trees (2207010/CAPE2007 14. 15, Item 14 refers to the terrarium below, an example ofa self-sustaining unit. Which ofthe following reasons explains why the plants in the jar continue to thrive for several months after the jar is sealed, even though no additional materials are used? (A) The plants contain stored carbohydrates that ae utilized. ©) Microorganisms in the soil decompose the organic wastes to facilitate recycling. (© There areno herbivores inthe jar to at the plants and thus limit photosynthesis (D) The glass jar exposes the plants to ‘adequate light for photosynthesis. An the nitrogen cycle, denitrifying bacteria convert (A) atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates (B)___nitratesto atmospheric nitrogen (© ammonium compounds tonitrates (D) atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium ‘compounds GO ONTO THENEXT PAGE-5- 16. Whichofthe following describes the function of the endodermis? (A) __Itcontrols the movement of water and ions to the xylem using a Casparian strip. ®)__Itreleases root pressure as water ‘moves into the xylem by osmosis. (©) __Itallowswatermoleculestoclingto the surface by cohesion so that a continuous column isereated. (D) __Itformsasystem of inter-connected plasmadesmata through which water and ions can move. Item 17 refers to the diagram below which shows some of the cells involved in loss of ‘water from part of a plant. 17. Which ofthe following correctly identifies the regions labelled P and Q? RegionP_[__Region Q (A) | Xylem Mesophyll cells (B) | Xylem Root cortex (C) | Phloem Palisade ()| Phloem ‘Stem cortex (02207010/CAPE2007 : 18. 19. The function of the companion cell in mature phloem tissue is that it (A) provides structural support for the sieve tubes (B) actively moves sucrose out of neighbouring photosynthesizing cells to the sieve tubes (©) moves sucrose against a concentration gradient into the xylem (D) contains a nucleus needed for cell division of the sieve tube elements Which of the following statements presents the BEST evidence to supportthe mass flow theory of phloem transport? (A) Phloem tissue carries manufactured food to destinations simultaneously, rather than to the greatest ‘sink’, (B) Sieve plates are a barrier and have been reduced in the course of evolution. (©) Contents of sieve tubes are under pressure, and sugar solution ‘exudes of phloem are cut. (D) Appropriate gradients between ‘source’ and ‘sink’ tissues do not exist. GOONTOTHENEXT PAGEItem 20 shows a diagram of a longitudinal Items 21 - 22 refer to the diagram below section of the heart. which shows the pressure in the left side of the heart. VY Iv. 21. The semi-lunar valves close at a) ot 20. Theposition ofthe sino-atrial node is indicated ® by © wW (Dd) Iv “1 ® © 22. The small surge in pressure in region X is o Vv caused by (A) atrial diastole (B) atrial systole (©) ventricular diastole (D) ventricular systole Item23 refers to the photograph below which showsa human blood smear, at oo 23. Whats the approximate magnification of this photograph? (A) x700 (B) x170 © x70 @) x I5 GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02207010/CAPE2007-7- {em 24 refers to the graph below which shows the oxygen dissociation curve for haemoglobin at pH 6.8 and 7.5. 100. pH7.s pH6S Partial pressure of oxygen 24. — Thepercentage saturation ofhaemoglobinin 26. the blood leaving an active muscle is shown at (A) A @) B © c (0) D 21. 25. Which of the fotlowing combinations of processes numbered I to IV, relates to the liver? 1. Glucose regutation Il, Transamination Mt. ‘Storage of Vitamins A, B and D IV. Manufacture of digestive enzymes (A) 1, Wand mt (B) I, and iv © | lltand1v (0) U,tand 1V Item 26 refers to the diagram below which shows the ultrastructure of two cells from the kidney with partof an adjacent capillary. Microvilli Nucleus Mitochondria } Blood capillary The region of the nephron shown is the (A) Bowman’scapsule (B) collecting duct (©) glomerulus (D) _proximaltubule Glomerular filtrate contains substances with arelative molecular mass less than 68,000. Larger molecules such as red blood cells and proteins are prevented from passing into the nephron because of the (A) basementmembrane (B) capillary endothellium (© _ podocytes (D) —_glomenular pressure GOONTOTHENEXT PAGE28s 28. Whichof the following pairs of cells and structures possess myelin sheaths? (A) TandITonly @) Mand IIlonly (© MandIVonly (D) TVandlonly z, 29. A delay of 0.5 ms occurs in transmission 30. Glucagon is ahhormone secreted by cells in across a synapse because the pancreas. Which TWO of the following changes are brought about by glucagon? (A) calcium ions diffuse into the synaptic kaob 1. _Itdecreases the blood gucose level (B) __ ion channels in the postsynaptic TI. __ It increases the blood glucose level. membrane respond slowly to the Ill. It stimulates the breakdown of presence of acetylcholine which glycogen. diffuses across the cleft IV. It stimulates the formation of (©) the synaptic knob releases glycogen. acetylcholine which diffuses across the cleft (A) Tand it (D) the presynaptic membrane is in a @®) TandIV refractory period (© Wandin () Mandiv GOON TOTHE NEXT PAGE (02207010/CAPE2007-9- 31. Whichofthe following correctly identifies 35. Whichofthe following combinations correctly three groups of nutrients that provide energy describe the pathogens responsible for inthe diet? malaria, dengue fever and AIDS? (A) Protein, minerals, fibre > (B) Lipids, carbohydrates, fibre Malaria 7 Dengue [AIDS (©) _Lipids,carbohydrates, protein (D) Minerals, water, fibre “ Faken Virus Virus (B)| Bacterium | Eukaryotic | Virus parasite . 32. Which of the following conditions isNOT — () | Virus Bacterium | Eukaryotic | caused by malnutrition? parasite I (D) | Eukaryotic | Bacterium | Bacterium } (A) Obesity parasite (B) — Marasmas (©) Kwashiorkor (D) Emphysema 36. Which of the following diseases is treated with drugs that havea similar structure to the 33. Fatty deposits in arteries can contribute to DNA molecule? strokes and heart disease. This condition is called (®) AIDs (8) Malaria a) (©) Dengue fever (B) (D) — Sicklecel! anaemia © (D) atherosclerosis, 34. Which of the following factors is responsible for the increase in heart rate during exercise? (A) Accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles (B) Decreased oxygen concentration in the blood stream (© __ Increased adrenaline in the blood stream (D) Increased glucose concentration in } the blood stream ~ t GOONTOTHENEXT PAGE 02207010/CAPE2007-10- tem37 refers to the diagrams below which shows the stages of phagocytism of a bacterium by aneutrophil. OO *) C) 40. 3 4 37. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the phagocytic process? @ 4 2 3 1 @® 2 1 3 4 © 4 2 1 3 @ 1 3 2 4 4. 38. The following are characteristics of Iymphocytes. 1. Attack cells infected with microorganisms TL. Produce antibodies IIL. Produce memory cells TV. Mature in the thymus gland 42. ‘Two characteristics of T lymphooytes are (A) Tand only (B) Landi only (©) Tand1Vonly (D) Wand IV only 02207010/CAPE 2007 ‘Item 39 refers to the options below. 1. Globular glycoprotein Four polypeptide chains ‘Two identical binding sites Abinge region ‘The above features are characteristic of (A) antigens (B) antibodies (C) phagocytes ©) _ haemoglobin Anewborn baby is protected from diseases by antibodies acquired from the maternal circulation. Thisis an example of (A) artificial active immunity (B) _arfificil passive immunity (©) natural active immunity (D) natural passive immunity Which of the following is NOT an example ‘ofan application for monoclonal antibodies? (A) Pregnancy testing (B) Diagnosis of diseases (©) Prevention of transplanted organ % rejection (D) Gene therapy Fat accumulates in the liver when alcohol is. consumed regularly because (A) liver cells use alcohol as an energy source instead of fat {B) fat absorbs alcohol and helps to detoxify it (©) alcohol is used to synthesise fat molecules in the liver (D) alcohol prevents the liver cells from secreting fat molecules GO ONTO THENEXT PAGE<1 Item 43 refers to the diagram below which 44. Which pair of effects, labelled I to IV, is a shows the manufacture of recombinant direct result of nicotine in tobacco smoke? buman insulin. L nL. mm. Vv. (a) (B) © @) (a) () © © \\ < 43. Atwhich point ofthe stages, labelled I I, IIT and IV, does the replication of donor genes. occur? @) 1 ® w © W ©) W Constriction ofarterial diameter Increased mucus production in the alveoli Paralysis ofciliain the bronchi Increased stickiness of blood platelets Land I Jand tv Mand tI Mand 1V 45. Whichof the following explains the use of restriction enzymes in gene technology? Breaking down bacterial cell walls torelease plasmids Forming DNA from RNA Cutting open circular DNA of plasmids Joining different pieces of DNA to form recombinant plasmids IF YOUFINISH BEFORE TIMEISCALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. 02207010/CAPE2007CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL . ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION BIOLOGY - UNIT 2 minus €9 JUNE 2008 (pm) READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY. Insdiition w this test booider, you should have an anewer ace. Esch itomin this test hes four mggested answers lettered (A), (B),(C),(D). Read eachitem you are shout anawer and decide which choice is beat Chyna hd cing the same letier as the newer you have chosan. Look atthe sample item below. ‘Seupielicn ‘Which of the following isNOT aformof - ergy storage? i @ AP Semple Anewer_ § Qt / e008 ©) Lacdo acid f - ‘The best anewer to this teas is“ATP” , 0 snawer wpece (A) has been blackened. [f'youwant to change your mmzwer, be sareto erase your old answer completely and fillin yourmew choice. ‘When youre told tobegin,tumthe page and workas quickly and sscarefully asyoucen. I’youcannot answer an tern, omitit nd goonto the ncxtone. Youcan come back tothe harder item later. Your score will be ths total numbex of correct answers. ‘Younay do sry rough work i tis booklet. FFigores are not necessarily drawn to acals. ‘These ofnom-progrmmabiecaicalatorit allowed. ‘This test consists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them. Donotbeconcemed tha the answer shect provides spaces formore answem than there arcitemsin thistest, DO NOT TURN TINS PAGE UNTH. YOU ARE TOLD TO DO 80.1 eB 2. ‘The function ofthe light dependent reaction inphotosynthesis isto (A) produce sugar regenerate RuBP (©) produce ATP and reduce NADP (D) produce electrons to stabilize the Photosystems 2 The electrons from non-cyclic Photopbosphorylation pass into the Calvin cycle via which ofthe following? (a) ® © @) ATP NADH, FAD NADP Item3 refers to the diagram below which outlines the events of the Calvin cycle. GPA) po ‘wwe phosphate a +| starch ReBP Which ofthe stages labelled I-IV on the diagram represents the stage at which carbon oxide is incorporated into the cycle? “Mil ® u © mw oO WwW Which of the following combinations correctly describes the MAIN factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis? 1. Light intensity and temperature Tl Carbon dioxide concentration and state ofthe stomata I. NADand ATPavailability TV. Phytochromes and the availablity of ions (A) land Honly B): lend Honly (© 1 Mandionly ©) 10,Manitv ‘During which of the following pathways does the synthesis of ATP occur by ‘substrate-level phosphorylation? 1. Glycolysis Tl. — Krebscycle TH. Electron wansportchain (A) Tonly (®) land Tony (© Wanditfonty ©) i Handiouly