DEDICATION

I dedicate this book to every teacher out there who keeps honing her
teaching skill to the end that the learners are well taught and guided.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE
Teaching is not what you can excellently do on the fly! 1

CHAPTER TWO
What you need to know to develop or design your lesson plan 4

CHAPTER THREE
Sample of a lesson plan 9
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I acknowledge the immense guidance of Mr. Yusuf Naim towards the

birthing of this book.
 INTRODUCTION

I recently met a 'teacher' who finds it hard to develop a lesson plan. It's
her first time teaching, hence she doesn't even know the components of
a lesson plan.

I know you wouldn't want to agree more with me that some persons go
into teaching because it's an easy-to-find job with barely any target as
the prerequisite for payment of paycheck. You are only assigned the
duty of teaching while salaries will be paid.

It should be known that teaching is a structured activity. It's

disheartening that, in this part of the world, we have less-trained
teachers in the four walls of classrooms.

Frankly speaking, it's so wrong to have less-trained teachers in our

educational sector.

Anyway, this guide is not directed towards the unscrupulous system.

Instead, It's towards holding your hand (less trained teachers/ PCMs
who studied courses not related to education but will be mandated to
teach) in preparing and delivering an “excellent-lively” lesson without
the use of words filler like ehmmmmm, you know, etc.

One of the lessons I learnt from my first teaching practice was that a
good lesson presentation or excellent teaching-learning activities could
be foreseen from an excellent lesson plan; this is one of the reasons a
lesson plan essential.
TEACHING IS NOT WHAT YOU CAN EXCELLENTLY DO ON THE FLY!

I urge you to patiently read this adage attributed to Benjamin

Franklin

"𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭 𝘵𝘰 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘯, 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘯 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭."

If you fail to lesson plan, you will fail to excellently deliver your lesson
to learners.

𝐈𝐟 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐝𝐨𝐧'𝐭 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧, 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐩!

Teaching is not what you can hurriedly do without preparation! It's a

profession that can be learned. This is why a teacher needs to first learn
to teach and then teach to learn.

Before we delve into the crux of this guide, permit me to quickly walk
you through the stages of teaching. Several activities precede teaching,
the act of teaching begins before a teacher present the lesson in the
classroom and it continues after the lesson presentation. Hence, we
have three main stages of teaching:

the pre-teaching stage

the teaching stage and

the post-teaching stage.

Each stage is as clear as a bell, the first stage (pre-teaching) means
before the teaching-learning activities hold. One of the activities the
teacher performs here is lesson preparation or plan.

The second stage implies the execution of the plans made in the first
stage.

The third stage is the evaluation and feedback phase.

What exactly is a lesson plan?

Have you ever travelled to somewhere you haven't been before?

If yes, and the journey was on land? I am sure you would quickly speak
out your ignorance to the driver...right? You would utter a statement
like:

𝘋𝘳𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳, 𝘐 𝘸𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘣𝘦 𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢𝘵 _______ 𝘣𝘶𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘱/𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘤𝘦 𝘣𝘶𝘵 𝘐 𝘥𝘰𝘯'𝘵

𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘤𝘦, 𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘦 𝘭𝘦𝘵 𝘮𝘦 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘸𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘸𝘦 𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦... 𝘙𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵?

I'll also want to inform you that at this age, you really don't need that,
you can make use of your google map. I remember I travelled to a place
with my google map serving as a guide for me, I knew the exact time
left for me to get to my destination. This is exactly what a lesson plan
does for a teacher, it serves as a guide for a teacher 𝐭𝐨 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐨
𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡, 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡, 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡, 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐨𝐰
𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝
A lesson plan means what it sounds; the plans of a teacher for a
particular lesson i.e what you intend to teach and how to excellently
present it.

The reason why you find it stressful to lesson plan is perhaps you are
oblivious of what it does to you as a teacher.

Outlined are the essence of lesson planning:

lesson preparation instills confidence in you. You already know

what, who and how to teach, you have no reason to be diffident. Hence,
your lesson will be excellently delivered.

it makes the student stick like an octopus on your face. They are
not just distracted, they just want to listen to you!

it increases your students' performance.

lesson plan helps you not to really drift away or digress from the
topic of your discussion.

it helps you manage your teaching time effectively.

it makes you a better teacher.

Up next: Components of a lesson plan.

 WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW TO DEVELOP OR DESIGN YOUR
LESSON PLAN!

Components are elements of something. Cars, computer, generator all

have distinct components they are made of. Medical gadget like
stethoscope also have component such as eartips, binaural, chestpiece,
drum, etc. In the same vein, lesson plan has its own components.
Remember I said a lesson plan indicates what to teach, who to teach,
how long to teach, how learning could be measure and how to teach
(teaching methods). Teaching methods are actually the methods or
technique you (teacher) intend to use to deliver a lesson, teaching
methods are means to excellent and effective teaching. Teaching is
effective when the learners are able to grasp or comprehend the lesson
or when learning is permanent.

It is important to note that different methods can be used in delivering

a lesson but very importantly, the teaching methods must be learner-
centered. They must not be secluded from the teaching methods.

The teacher has to consider certain things before the selection of a

teaching method to be used in any subject. The below are what the
teacher needs to consider before making an attempt to select any
teaching method:
 Population: the population of students in a class must be
considered before the selection of teaching method (s). In public schools
where students are over 50 in a class, the teacher have to consider this
along with their age before using a teaching method.

Time: the duration of a lesson and the time available for a teacher
to cover a subject syllabus needs to be considered.

Cost: the teacher needs to consider the weigh the cost of teaching
methods before selecting it. Some methods are more expensive than
others.

Subject: this is a key criteria, there are some subjects that requires
certain teaching methods. For instance, discussion method only cannot
better explain the subject of Physical Health Education. There is a
need for the teacher to demonstrate certain recreational activities.

Learners interest: this is very important, the learners interest and

need needs to be put in place before the selection of teaching methods.

Here are the different methods of teaching:

Discussion method: this method involves questions and answers

related to certain topics from teacher to students. Virtually, all
members of the class are expected to participate actively in the
discussion because the learners ought to have the background
knowledge of the topics to be discussed. This method is suitable for a
small class of about 20 – 35 students, it can as well be used in a large
class but the teacher have to be adept at it.

Questioning Method: here, the teacher pre-set some questions to be

asked before delivering his lesson. The answers given by the students
will enable the teacher to know how to disseminate his lesson and the
exact area of his lesson that he needs to better explain.

Lecture method: this method is also called the telling method. Here,
the teacher systematically disseminate information on a topic while the
student take down notes.

Field Trip/Excursion: this is a teaching method in which the

students are given the privilege of learning outside the four walls of a
class room. This method helps the learners to see, feel and have the full
understanding of what was previously discussed in the class.

Inquiry method: here, the teacher deliberately allow students do

their research or find out meaning notions about certain questions
related to a topic. This can be done by research projects, grouping
students to work together etc.

Having listed different methods of teaching, here are the components

of a lesson plan.
I. GENERAL INFORMATION: this answers the question WHO TO
TEACH. The below are what comprises of the general information:

Name of School, Class, Date, Period, Subject, Topic and Sub-topic.

II BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: this implies the outcome of a

teaching session or teaching-learning activities i.e what you want your
learner to grasp or to be better at after the teaching-learning activities.
While stating a lesson's behavioural objectives, you must use a
measurable term.

III INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: these are teaching aids i.e

materials that could be used to enrich or supplement teaching to the
end that teaching-learning activity is concrete. These materials could
be print media, non-print media, audio, visual or audio-visual media.

IV REFERENCES: this implies the materials you consulted for the

preparation of your lesson contents. American Psychological
Association (APA) is the accepted and most used reference style in
teaching.

V ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: note that

this does not imply the previous lesson. Entry behaviour/previous
knowledge is the learners' basic idea upon which the teacher is trying
to build a new lesson.
VI INTRODUCTION: this basically means how you are going to start
your class/lesson.

VII LESSON PRESENTATION: this is usually in steps, your lesson

presentation should align with your behavioural objectives. If by the
end of your lesson, the students should be able to list 5 basic cost
concepts. Then, your first step in the lesson presentation should be the
basic cost concepts.

VIII SUMMARY/CONCLUSION:

IX EVALUATION: this is very important, it depicts whether learning

has really taken place. The teacher could decide to ask random
questions before the end of the class or give class exercise.

X ASSIGNMENT: this is another way to evaluate your students.

As I close this chapter, I would love to quickly mention the major

differences between a lesson plan and a lesson note. These duos are
exactly what they sound like, I have painstakingly described what a
lesson plan is in the previous pages of this book. A lesson note is the
content of your lesson, a detailed note that will be dictated or written
on the whiteboard for your student to copy.

Up Next: Sample of a lesson plan.

 SAMPLE OF A LESSON PLAN

Follow me bumper to bumper as I give out this sample of a lesson

plan

Here it is

Name of School: ____________________College.

Class: Grade 12

Period: 5th

Subject: Economics

Topic: The theory of costs

Subtopic: Cost of production

Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, students should be

able to;

i. explain the term "cost of production"

ii. list the basic cost concepts

.
Instructional materials: the teacher uses cardboard to highlight
examples of fixed cost and variable costs.

References: Author, Initials (Year). Title of chapter. Book title.

State/Country of publication: Publisher, page reference.

Entry behaviour: the students are aware that costs are attached to
running or owning a business.

Introduction: the teacher introduces the topic to students by asking

the following questions:

i. who is a producer?

Lesson presentation, in steps:

The teacher presents the lesson in steps to students.

STEP-I: The teacher explains the term 'cost of production to the
students.

STEP-II:

Summary: The teacher summarises the lesson by restating the types of

cost and ensuring an interactive session with the students.

Evaluation: the teacher evaluates the lesson by writing out the

following questions to be answered by the students on the
whiteboard:

i.

Assignment: the teacher gives students an assignment to be submitted

before the next class

i.
ii.

With this format, I know you will be able to excellently prepare and
deliver your lesson without word fillers (like ehmmm, you know,
hmmm) and shaky voice.