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Technial Specification - Transformer and Reactor Part 6
Technial Specification - Transformer and Reactor Part 6
The standard accessories as specified below must be supplied for the supply of the submerged type transformers
with oil conservator:
1 (one) Buchholz double float relay for the transformer tank. The connecting pipes of the Buchholz
relay will have shut-off valves on the conservator side and on the tank side, to allow disassembly of
the relay without oil leakage.
1 (one) single float gas detector relay with alarm contact connected to the highest point of the
conservator as a leak detector for the diaphragm.
1 (one) spring-type pressure relief device (Messko / MR or equivalent) with metal rod type
operating indicator and trip contact installed in a metal enclosure with an IP 65 degree of protection
for the transformer main tank . The micro-switch of the device must be suitably wired to a metal
cable junction box of protection class IP 55 with terminals suitable for receiving crimped flexible
conductors with a cross section of up to 2.5 mm² .
1 (one) dial-type thermometer for oil temperature in the upper part, each with radial-type main and
maximum indicator, remote indicator (PT100) and four adjustable contacts for oil temperature alarm
and tripping (at 95 ° C and 105 ° C). The temperature indication interval should be -20 ° C to 140 °
C. In addition, a signal conditioner with 4-20 mA output, with individual circuit breaker, for remote
temperature indication must be provided in the sorting cabinet.
1 (one) magnetic type oil level indicator (Messko / MR or equivalent) with adjustable alarm contacts
(minimum and maximum oil level) for each container in the conservator.
Routine tests
Measurement of voltage ratio at all tap positions
Vector group verification by the voltmeter method
Measurement of winding resistance at all tap positions
Measurement of de-energized and current losses 90% at approx. 115% of nominal voltage or vice
versa in 5% intervals, at nominal frequency on distribution transformers (after dielectric tests). A
current of the respective magnetization curve of 90% to 120% will be added to the test report
Measurement of load losses and voltage impedance at the main tap and at the extreme positions
Ratio measurement and polarity control of current transformers (if applicable)
Insulation resistance measurement at 2500 V DC (R15, R60, R600). The polarization index
R10min: R1min must be:
greater than 1.0 for distribution transformers up to 2500 kVA
greater than 1.1 for distribution transformers over 2500 kVA
AC independent source voltage resistance test
Induced AC voltage resistance test
Overvoltage test applied at 2000 V AC, 60 s. on wiring and monitoring equipment
Type tests
Lightning impulse tests (full wave and chopped) on high voltage windings of transformers Test
voltages should be measured using the appropriate voltage dividers and should be clearly
indicated by peak voltmeters and / or in oscillographic or digital recordings.
Steady state temperature rise tests to be performed at the highest socket (in the case of current
transformers for direct and simultaneous transformer and reactance operation).
For distribution transformers up to 2500 kVA, the temperature of the oil in the upper part should
be measured only in the spare thermometer pockets on the tank cover. Measurements on
cooling fins other than for determining the temperature of the oil in the lower part are not
acceptable,
For distribution transformers over 2500 kVA, the temperature of the oil in the upper part must be
measured in the tank cover directly in the oil of the upper part, with approved temperature
sensors referred to in the approved points. . The temperature of the oil in the upper part can be
measured, alternatively, in the hot oil of the transformer, by at least three thermometer pockets
as specified above. By agreement, the temperature of the oil in the upper part can also be
measured directly in the hot oil of the inlets of the cooling equipment. In case of measurements
of the temperatures of the oil in the upper parts taken in the temperature pockets in the final
upper part of the oil be corrected by + 2K. The temperature of the oil in the lower part will be
measured in at least two points placed either directly in the return manifolds or in the return
manifolds of the cooling equipment. Measurements on the radiator and / or vessel walls are not
acceptable. The location of all measurement points, including those for ambient air temperature
measurements, is submitted for approval.
Winding temperature rises are determined by the DC / rated current loading of each winding for both
HV and TB windings, if applicable, each for one hour after determining the oil temperature in the coil.
the top part.
In addition to the requirements indicated above, the following specific requirements are applicable to
shunt reactors, as specified below.
Reactors must be able to operate continuously within the stated temperature rise limits at a high
voltage of at least 110% of the rated system voltage. Particular values for the highest continuous
operating voltages and associated temperature rise limits should be obtained from the data sheets.
Thyristor Controlled Shunt Reactors (TCRs) must each include a connected three-phase bank of
single-phase reactors, and each of their windings consists of two equal coils per phase (split-phase
windings), all ends put out to allow the thyristor connection at the center of each phase winding.
3.2.5.2 Windings
Windings designed for insulation levels higher than LI: 750 kV / AC: 325 kV the nominal insulation
level for neutral points must be at least LI: 650 kV / AC: 275 kV, None of the windings should not be
isolated for less than LI: 125 kV / AC: 50 kV.
In all cases of three-phase reactors specified to undergo switching shock tests, the phase-to-phase
voltage during the pulse switching test will be less than 1.5 times the test voltage. The reactance (s),
however, must be designed to withstand 1.5 times the test voltage between phases, regardless of the
insulation and specified test levels.
The windings should be of the best modern design, with conductors of substantially constant cross
section across all windings, and current densities should not exceed 3 A / mm² in any part of the
windings, under nominal conditions. Use electrolytic copper with high conductivity and high quality
insulating material.
The insulation material of the windings and connections must not have any insulation components
which could soften, shrink or fail during operation. In addition, no material used should disintegrate,
carbonize or become brittle under the action of hot oil under any load conditions.
The use of any type of wood for the insulation parts is not acceptable, subject to testing voltage
stresses of LI: 450 kV and / or AC: 185 kV and more through the insulation material, and the
Subcontractor / manufacturer is fully responsible for any chosen insulation material.
For reactors installed indoors of any type (even when installed in open spaces of SVCs), use only
thermally enhanced insulation material, as described in applicable standards, to ensure reactor
operation. full load, like
specified, at annual average ambient air temperatures of 40 ° C (not exceeding daily average ambient
air temperatures of 40 ° C in the reactor cabinet) without any reduction in regular service life / normal.
For these reactors a radially stacked air gap core type with high precision ceramic spacers in the
spaces must be provided.
Particular attention should be given to the design of three-phase reactors which can undergo single-
phase induced AC voltage resistance testing for zero sequence flows.
For all three-phase shunt reactors at Um = 72.5 kV and above, five-membered cores will be supplied
exclusively.
The core and its clamping structure must be installed isolated from the reactor vessel. Appropriate
insulation material should be used to prevent unnecessary vibration.
The core clamp structure should not be connected directly to the vessel cover. The clamping frame
must only be connected by a conductor to the main earth connection. Any closed circuit should be
avoided.
The magnetic core must be earthed at a single point on the tank cover, using removable links in a
suitable terminal box, placed in an accessible position on the tank cover and which, by disconnection,
The air gap cores of the shunt reactors must be provided each with a suitable screen which must be
connected to the main earth connection at a single point, to prevent the formation of a closed circuit.
The main earth connection of the shunt reactors must have a cross section of at least 70 mm².
Tank stiffeners should be provided as specified, and should be designed to prevent water ingress. The
stiffeners of the tank other than those used as a skid base under the bottom of the tank must not have
«H» or «T» profiles, nor have holes for any type of fixing material such as bolts and the like.
The bottom of the tank should be in a plane and should have a heavy rigid base structure. The four
walls of the tank must be flat and practically in one piece each and must be welded directly to the
bottom of the tank without interruptions and without additional welded and / or bolted flanges.
In the case of the bottom of a self-supporting vessel for shunt reactors without heavy steel cross
beams, the bottom plate must have a minimum thickness of 40 mm. Laminated tank bottoms will not
be accepted.
Shunt reactors must be equipped with manholes and handholes of an appropriate size to facilitate
installation and maintenance (ie tap changers, current transformers, bushings etc.). Access spaces for
tap-changers (if applicable) must have a minimum size of 800 mm x 350 mm and they must be
arranged at a suitable height from the floor (subject to approval). All openings in the reactor vessel
cover for bushings, manholes and terminal boxes must be provided with suitable flanges.
The covers of manholes, hand holes etc. located on the tank cover must be fitted with suitable gas
plugs. All inspection covers etc. must have two lifting handles each. It shall be possible to completely
remove any bushing without removing the vessel cover.
The tank cover and all covers for assembly, cleaning, manholes, hand holes and manholes on the
tank etc. shall be earthed by suitable earthing conductors of the flexible type having a cross section of
at least 95 mm². Appropriate ground studs with bolts and washers must be provided, all of stainless
steel.
The following moving and handling devices must also be provided for each reactance:
Oil sampling valves (top and bottom) with suitable adapters of R ¾ «male thread with screw cap for
direct connection of oil sampling facilities must, to be supplied and to be arranged diagonally on a
wall of the tank at a suitable height from the ground.
A minimum of 3 (three) air purge holes in the tank cover at approved locations, each of which near
the outlets of the tank to the cooling equipment, suitable for temporary installation of temperature
sensors directly in the hot oil of the transformer during the operating heat tests.
A minimum of 3 (three) spare thermometer thermowells (in place of the vents as before) in the tank
cover at approved locations near the tank outlets to the cooling equipment.
For reactances of 100 Mvar and more per unit, the cooling system must include at least two groups of
detachable radiators.
However, if a solution with radiators flanged directly on the tank and / or collectors external to the
transformer tank is not possible for these reactors, cooling can be provided by the radiator banks
mounted separately, as specified below. after.
Cooling must be provided in accordance with all applicable requirements specified in the
aforementioned applicable clause, but through a minimum of two bank of detachable radiators
mounted separately arranged in close rows of equal and symmetrical groups on one side of the shunt
reactor, at one distance of at least 1.2 m from each other and from the reactor vessel. Approved
expansion pieces must be provided in each oil pipe connection between the reactor and each chiller
bank. A suitable support structure should be provided at both ends of each chiller bench as a minimum
requirement.
The upper common manifolds of each of the chiller banks must be connected directly to the tank
cover. It is not necessary to provide additional regular collectors. The upper common manifolds
connected to the tank cover will also be provided with bypass ventilation pipes to the main expansion
pipe (s) in order to route any gas accumulation to the Buchholz relay when the associated shut-off
valves are closed. The upper common manifolds should not be connected to the traverse turrets. The
common upper manifolds must also be connected by aeration valves to the main expansion line. Vent
pipes, other than bypass vent pipes for isolation valves, running from the upper common manifolds to
the Buchholz relay must have blocking / isolation valves on each side of the manifold. The lower
common manifolds must be mounted at a height of at least 2.1 above the ground.
Applicable current transformers should be installed in appropriate bushing turrets as shown above. All
relevant bushing turrets must be fitted with appropriate current transformer junction boxes for direct
connection of related current transformers.
The following standard accessories must be supplied for each shunt reactor unit:
1 (one) Buchholz double float relay (DN80) for the reactor vessel with a metallic gas sampling and
testing device and with a sight glass and controlled from the ground, of a suitable height. The
connecting pipes of the Buchholz relay will have shut-off valves on the conservator and vessel side
(easily accessible from the vessel cover), to allow disassembly of the relay without oil leakage. The
small piping from the Buchholz relay to the gas sampling and testing devices must be covered the
entire length with approved flexible steel conduits as shown below.
1 (one) Buchholz double float relay (DN25) as above, for oil filled cable junction boxes.
1 (one) single-float (DN25) gas detector relay with alarm contact, connected to the highest point of
the main conservator, as a leak detector for the diaphragm.
1 (one) protection relay (oil flow operated) with trip contact for the OLTC bypass switch, if
applicable The relay connection pipes will have shut off valves on the conservator side (easily
accessible from the tank cover).
1 (one) spring-type pressure relief device (Messko / MR or equivalent) with metal rod type
operating indicator and tripping contact installed in a metal enclosure with IP 65 degree of
t be suitably wired
to a metal junction box with a rating of
IP 55 protection with terminals adapted to receive crimped flexible conductors with a cross section
of up to 2.5 mm².
1 (one) spring-type pressure relief device (Messko / MR or equivalent) with metal rod type
operating indicator and tripping contact installed in a metal housing with an IP 65 protection rating
for the reactor vessel (for reactances of more than 100 MVA per unit, two pressure safety valves,
arranged at opposite ends of the tank cover). The micro-switch of the device must be suitably wired
to a metal junction box having an IP 55 degree of protection with terminals adapted to receive
crimped flexible conductors with a cross section of up to 2.5 mm².
1 (one) spring-type pressure relief device (Messko / MR or equivalent) with metal rod type
operating indicator and tripping contact installed in a metal enclosure with an IP 65 degree of
protection as above, for each junction box filled with oil. The micro-switch of the device must be
suitably wired to a metal junction box having an IP 55 degree of protection with terminals adapted
to receive crimped flexible conductors with a cross section of up to 2.5 mm².
2 (two) dial type thermometers for the oil temperature in the upper part (Messko / MR System -
Trasy or equivalent) with radial type main and maximum indicator, remote indicator (PT100) and
four adjustable contacts for the oil temperature alarm and tripping (at 90 ° C and 100 ° C). The
temperature indication interval should be 0 ° C to 140 ° C. In addition, a signal conditioner with 4-20
mA output, with individual circuit breaker, for the remote temperature indicator must be provided in
the control cabinet.
1 (one) thermal image to be connected to the winding via a current transformer. These current
transformers must have an accuracy of 3 (three) percent, and the primary rated current must match
the rated current of the associated reactor winding. The resulting useful nominal secondary current
is 2 A. Corresponding units between current transformers and thermal images do not have to be
provided.
1 (one) dial type thermometers (Messko / MR System - Trasy or equivalent) with radial type
maximum indicator and heating coil in the thermometer pocket in the tank lid for each thermal
image with two remote indicators (PT100) and four adjustable contacts for oil temperature alarm
and trip (at 113 ° C and 125 ° C). The temperature indication interval should be 0 ° C to 160 ° C. In
addition, a signal conditioner with 4-20 mA output, with individual circuit breaker, for the remote
temperature indicator must be provided in the control cabinet.
1 (one) magnetic type oil level indicator (Messko / MR or equivalent) with adjustable alarm contacts
(minimum and maximum oil level) for each conservator container.
1 (one) ammeter for checking the current transformer output of each thermal image (to be used
also during calibration). Ammeters will have overload scales of up to at least 150%. A three-
position change-over switch for different functions must be provided for each ammeter (subject to
approval).
Routine tests
Winding resistance measurement
Reactance / inductance measurement.
Determination
Measurement of the total losses at Umax at the ambient temperature of the plant (to be corrected
at the reference temperature of 75 ° C by the temperature coefficient established during the type
test of the 1st unit).
Zero sequence reactance measurement (three-phase units).
Ratio measurement and polarity control of current transformers.
Measurement of Vibration
Shock wave test for phase terminals for windings Um = 100 kV and above. For switching shock
tests performed on windings less than Um = 245 kV the SI test resistance should be at least 82.5%
of the specified LI of the test resistance level. In all cases of three-phase reactors specified to
undergo switching shock tests, the phase-to-phase voltage during the pulse switching test will be
less than 1.5 times the test voltage. The reactance (s), however, must be designed to withstand 1.5
times the test voltage between phases, regardless of the insulation and specified test levels.
Lightning shock test. By this it is understood that only one lightning impulse test set is required for
each phase winding (same procedure as for power transformers). The following test sequence
should be applied:
One or more complete lower level pulses (phase and neutral)
A reduced chopped level pulse
A full pulse of full level (phase and neutral)
A reduced chopped level pulse (phases only)
Two full level pulses chopped (phases only)
Two full pulses of full level (phase and neutral)
The voltage resistance test for separate alternating current source, according to IEC 60076-3
(2000), clause 11 (including measurement of load current) after pulse testing. In case of reactors
controlled by thyristors for each winding part divided with respect to the other and with respect to
the ground, that is to say all the untested parts earthed.
Induced AC voltage resistance test, in accordance with IEC 60076-6 (2000), clause
7.8.10.3. For variable MVAr output (VSR) shunt reactors, the test must be performed at all tap
positions at maximum reactive power.
Reactors with -3 (2000),
12.2.1 (short duration AC voltage resistance test). If a test for reactors with symmetrical three-
phase voltage is not feasible for three-phase reactors, this should be brought to the attention of
the User / Engineer during the Tender phase. In such a case, the three-phase test 12.2.1) of
IEC 60076-3 (2000) can be replaced by three single-phase tests with test connection as shown
in Figure 4 of IEC 60076-6, 7.8.10.3. However, the total test voltage, as specified in the data
sheets, must be applied between phases.
60076-3 (2000), 12.2.2 (short duration AC voltage resistance test). If a test for reactors with
symmetrical three-phase voltage is not feasible for three-phase reactors, this should be brought
to the attention of the User / Engineer during the Tender phase. In such a case, the three-phase
test 12.2.1) of IEC 60076-3 (2000) can be replaced by three single-phase tests with test
connection as shown in Figure 4 of IEC 60076-6, 7.8.10.3. However, the test voltage (U1), as
specified in the data sheets, must be applied between phases.
Reactors with Um> 170 kV and non-uniform insulation shall be tested according to IEC 60076-3
(2000), 12.4 (long-term AC voltage resistance test, including strengthening of test level U1 as
indicated in IEC 60076-3 (2000), 12.4). For three-phase reactors, the test can be performed as
a three-phase test or as three single-phase tests with an excitation circuit as shown in Figure 5
of IEC 60076-6, 7.8.10.3. If the power and / or voltage requirements for these tests are greater
than those
available at the test station, this must be brought to the attention of the User / Engineer during
the Tender phase. In such a case, the application of an equivalent single-phase test, as
indicated in IEC 60076-6, 7.8.10.3, Figure 6 can be agreed between the User / Engineer and
the Subcontractor, provided that the test voltages (phase-to-ground) for U1 and U2 are
, at an unchanged partial discharge limit
not exceeding a continuous level of 500 pC at the test voltage U2 and as specified in IEC
60076-3 (2000), 12.4.
Frequency response analysis (SFRA test) with a DOUBLE-SFRA device (or equivalent)
using the swept frequency in an interval of 10 Hz to 2 MHz. This test should provide reference
readings of the windings in as-new condition. These tests should be performed after the successful
completion of all other dielectric tests.
Analysis of gas dissolved in oil by chromatography before all other tests, before dielectric tests and
after completion of dielectric tests (checks test reports only).
The measurement of the capacitance and the power factor of the insulation at min. 10 kV. The
value of the dielectric dissipation factor at 20 ° C must be less than 0.5%.
Insulation resistance measurement at 5000 V DC (R15, R60, R600). The polarization index
R10min: R1min must be greater than 1.1.
Calibration and current injection test on hot spot indicators based on warm-up test results.
Measurement of insulation resistance (R60) between core and tank etc. at 2500 V DC.
The overvoltage test applied at 2000 V AC, 60 s. on wiring and monitoring equipment (500 V AC
on PT 100, all electronic devices disconnected).
Prior to acceptance testing, the Subcontractor must present, as a minimum requirement, the following
test certificates:
Vacuum test on the tank and all other compartments filled with oil (to be applied at 1.5 mbar for at
least 5 hours)
Pressure test on the tank and all compartments filled with oil at min. 1.0 bar (> 14 PSI) for at least
24 hours
Insulating oil used in factory and on-site testing
Feedthroughs and current transformers
Core losses of sheets (W17 / 50)
Oil tightness test on the tank assembled with radiators 0.3 bar above the oil level, 24 hours (on
junction boxes filled with oil at 0.2 bar, 5 hours).
Low voltage reactance measurement (AC, 3 phases, in the case of three phase reactors).
Winding resistance measurement
Insulation resistance measurement at 5000 V DC (R15, R60, R600). The polarization index
R10min: R1min must be greater than 1.1.
Measurement of the insulation resistance (R60) between the core and the tank at 1000 V DC.
Measurement of insulation resistance (R60) on auxiliary wiring at 1000 V DC
Measurement of water content and dielectric strength of insulation oil.
Recalibration and current injection test on the winding temperature indicators (45 min).
Functional tests on surveillance equipment.
Visual checks
This specification defines the specific technical requirements applicable to the design, manufacture
and factory testing, procurement, transport to the site, installation and testing of MV switchgear in
metal enclosure from the 30 kV indoor station.
The 30 kV metal enclosed cells will meet the recommendations of standard IEC 62271-200. The type
of switchboard proposed by the Contractor in his offer must have undergone type tests and will
undergo the individual tests provided for by the standard.
The apparatus MT must be designed and laid out in full compliance with all applicable sections, and
drawings and plans supplied with these specifications.
The medium voltage switchgear specified in this technical specification shall be manufactured and
tested in accordance with and shall generally comply with the latest editions or