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4
Overview
Y.-C. Tseng
CS/NCTU
monitors TV VCR
sensors DVD/CD
INDUSTRIAL CONSUMER
automation & ELECTRONIC
Remote
control COMMERCIAL S control
security
consoles
HVAC
portables TOYS & HOME lighting
educational GAMES AUTOMATION closures
1,000
802.11b 802.11a/g
100 ZigBee
Hiper
Bluetooth 2.0 LAN/2
Bluetooth
Bluetooth 1.5 WiMedia Bandwidth
10 kbps
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Network
coordinator
Master/slave
PHY functionalities:
Activation and deactivation of the radio transceiver
Energy detection within the current channel
Link quality indication for received packets
Clear channel assessment for CSMA-CA
Channel frequency selection
Data transmission and reception
2.4 GHz
PHY Channels 11-26 5 MHz
CAP CFP
GTS GTS
Inactive
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
BI = aBaseSuperframeDuration*2 BO symbols
Each device will be active for 2-(BO-SO) portion of the time, and
sleep for 1-2-(BO-SO) portion of the time
Duty Cycle:
BO-SO 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ≧10
Duty cycle (%) 100 50 25 12 6.25 3.125 1.56 0.78 0.39 0.195 < 0.1
Communication to a coordinator
In a non beacon-enabled network
Communication to a coordinator
In a beacon-enabled network
國立交通大學 資訊工程系 曾煜棋 教授 29
Data Transfer Model (II-1)
In slotted CSMA/CA
The backoff period boundaries of every device in the PAN shall
be aligned with the superframe slot boundaries of the PAN
coordinator
i.e. the start of first backoff period of each device is aligned with the
start of the beacon transmission
The MAC sublayer shall ensure that the PHY layer commences
all of its transmissions on the boundary of a backoff period
Existing
session
New CCA
transmitter
Backoff Detect
end here an ACK
New
transmitter CCA CCA
Backoff Detect
end here an ACK
國立交通大學 資訊工程系 曾煜棋 教授 37
Why 2 CCAs (Case 2)
Backoff boundary
Existing
session
New CCA
transmitter
Backoff Detect
end here an ACK
New
transmitter CCA
Backoff Detect
end here an DATA
國立交通大學 資訊工程系 曾煜棋 教授 38
Why 2 CCAs (Case 3)
Backoff boundary
Existing
session
New
transmitter CCA
Backoff Detect a
end here DATA
國立交通大學 資訊工程系 曾煜棋 教授 39
Unslotted
CSMA/CA
only one
CCA
Scan
Association req. channel
ACK
Data req.
ACK
Association resp.
ACK
For node C 0 1 32 63 94
125,126
node A 32
If a parent node at depth Cm=6
Addr = 64,
Cskip = 1
d has an address Aparent, Rm=4
Lm=3
Addr = 92
the nth child router is Addr = 125
Aparent+(n- Addr = 30
Cskip = 7
Addr = 0,
1)×Cskip(d)+1 C Cskip = 31
Addr = 33,
Cskip = 1
C Addr = 45
Addr = 38
Addr = 39
In a tree network
Utilize the address assignment to obtain the routing paths
In a mesh network:
Routing Capability: ZigBee coordinators and routers are said to have
routing capacity if they have routing table capacities and route
discovery table capacities
There are 2 options:
Reactive routing: if having “routing capacity”
Tree routing: if having no routing capacity