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Y. D. Mane Institute of Pharmacy, Kagal
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REVIEW ARTICLE
ABSTRACT:
It is very important to know the layout of pharmacy for student apprentice pharmacist. The knowledge of proper
arrangement of things in the pharmacy, during the training period, someone will not get problem for arrangement to be
done in his own pharmacy. Student pharmacist who wants to registered pharmacist must know the drugs and cosmetic
Act 1940. The drug and cosmetics Act was passed in 1940, with a main object to regulate the import, manufacture
distribution and sale of drug and cosmetics. The Act also provides for the control over the sale and distribution of
drugs by only trained and qualified persons. In retail pharmacy now-a-days readymade formulation of drugs are
available student pharmacist knows the different dosage forms of drug but in training he got opportunity to handle, feel
and see the different dosage forms at one place i.e. in retail pharmacy. A trained pharmacist must know the drug
formulations available in market but with that someone must know the pharmacological action of the particular drug.
A Student pharmacist has to undergo 750 Hrs. practical training spread over 3 months in a retail pharmacy. During this
period student pharmacist interact with medical representatives of different companies. Over the counter (OTC) drugs
concepts is very important while taking training in any retail pharmacy. As our pharmacy profession is ethical
profession, here we have to sale each and every medicine against the prescription given by registered medical
practioners. Generally prescriptions are written specific format and it contains different parts. It is the duty of every
pharmacist to give sales receipt to the patient after dispensing the medicines. This proforma will beneficial to all
institutes of pharmacy for uniformity in project and training before sanctioning the apprentice practical training.
KEYWORDS: Layout of retail pharmacy, Schedules, Different dosage forms, OTC, Prescription etc.
things in the pharmacy, during the training period, trainee H- Prescription drugs which are required to be sold by
pharmacist will not get problem for arrangement to be done retail only on prescription of Registered Medical
in his own pharmacy.1 Practitioner.
I- Calculation of proportion of poison in Certain
OBJECTIVES OF LAYOUT Cases.
1. Optimum utilization of man, materials and space. J- List of diseases and ailments which a drug may not
2. To minimize the selling expenses by handling the claim to prevent or are.
drugs / medicines efficiently. K- List of drugs exempted from certain Provisions
3. Minimize the delays in dispensing by providing Applicable to mtg of drugs and sale of drugs.
convenient service centers. L- List of drugs to be sold on prescription only.
4. To provide optimum space for reserve stock office and M- Good Manufacturing Practices and requirement of
visiting place for employees. factory premises, plant, equipment for
5. To provide efficient supervision and dispensing control manufacturing of drugs.
and reduce to changes q theft. 1) Requirement for manufacture of homeopathic
6. To minimize the movements of customers within the drugs.
premises. 2) Requirement of factory premises, plant,
7. To attract the large number of customers. equipment for manufacture of cosmetics.
3) Requirement of factory premises for
SCHEDULES2 manufacture of medical devices.
Student pharmacist who wants to registered pharmacist N- List of minimum equipment for efficient running of
must know the drugs and cosmetic Act 1940. The drug and pharmacy.
cosmetics Act was passed in 1940, with a main object to O- Standard for disinfectant fluids.
regulate the import, manufacture distribution and sale of P- Life period of drugs
drug and cosmetics. The Act also provides for the control 1) Pack Size of drugs.
over the sale and distribution of drugs by only trained and Q- List of colours permitted to be used in cosmetics of
qualified persons. colours permitted to be used soaps.
R- Standard for condoms made up rubber latex
To control the drugs sale and distribution, D and C Act has intended for single.
mentioned various schedules to the Act. A student 1) Standard for medical devices.
pharmacist must know the various schedules for drug S- Standard for cosmetics.
before starting the actual training. During this period trainee T- Requirement for factory premises hygienic
pharmacist can get knowledge about the drugs according to conditions for manufacture of Ayurvedic and Unani
schedules. It is not like domestic things that, you can sale drugs.
drugs to anyone who comes to your pharmacy. Our sale U- Particulars to be shown in manufacturing and
trade is ethical and hence knowledge of various schedules is analytical record of drugs.
important for every trainee student pharmacist. 1) Particulars to be shown in manufacturing reward
of cosmetics.
Schedules which are very important relating to retail V- Standard for patent and proprietary medicine
pharmacy; containing vitamins.
A - List of Forms used for making applications for W- List of drugs which shall be marketed under generic
issuing licenses, granting licenses, sending names only.
memorandums. X- List of habit forming psychotropic and other drugs.
B - Fees for test or analysis by Central drug Laboratory Requirement and guideline for clinical trial for
or Government Analyst. import and manufacture of new drugs.
C - Biological and Special products
1) Other Special Products. DIFFERENT DOSAGE FORMS 3
D - Class of Exempted drugs which are exempted from a Drugs are used for diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or
certain provision applicable to import of drugs. prevention of disease in human being. Drugs are rarely
E - List of poisonous Substances Omitted. administered in different dosage forms after converting
1) List of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani Poisonous them into suitable formulation.
Substances.
F - Provisions applicable to blood blank requirement In retail pharmacy now-a-days readymade formulation of
and licensing to process blood Component. drugs are available student pharmacist knows the different
1) Provision applicable to Vaccines, anti sera and dosage forms of drug but in training he got opportunity to
diagnostic antigens. handle, feel and see the different dosage forms at one place
2) Standard for surgical dressings i.e. in retail pharmacy. Student pharmacist must initially
3) Standard for ophthalmic preparation recall and understand the different dosage forms and how
G - List of substances to be taken under supervision of they are administered. Because in some retail pharmacies
registered medical practitioner. the medicines are kept in shelves according to dosage forms
e.g. capsules, tablets, syrups, Creams, injections etc.
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Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 7(9): September 2014
Hence before starting the training trainee pharmacist must condition etc. Dosage forms may be classified on the basis
collect different dosage forms meaning and their of physical form the final product.
administration or application so that trainee pharmacist can
give information to the patient about administration, storage
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Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 7(9): September 2014
stability of a medicine. The purpose of this guidance is to OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS
clarify the temperature storage arrangements that a Over the counter (OTC) drugs concepts is very important
residential care service should have in place when it while taking training in any retail pharmacy. As our
manages medicines on behalf of people in the service. pharmacy profession is ethical profession, here we have to
sale each and every medicine against the prescription given
Many medicines require storage between 2°C and 8°C. by registered medical practioners.
Some products can be irreversibly degraded even by brief
periods at sub-zero temperatures, and so monitoring of That means physician checks the patient make diagnosis
storage temperature is vital. A separate, secure and and accordingly prescribes medicine for treatment of
dedicated refrigerator should be available for medicines in particular disease. If anybody takes medicine without
services where there is a regular need for medicines to be consulting physician in that case instead of treatment/ cure
stored between 2°C – 8°C. some other problem may arise. Hence under D and C Act
1948, it is mentioned that the medicines in retail pharmacy
In smaller services where the need for cold storage may should be sold against the prescription.
only be, for example, for the occasional bottle of oral
antibiotic or eye drops, medicines could be stored in a In pharmacy market there are some medicines or
domestic fridge. Here medicines should be kept on a formulations available which can be sold to patient
separate shelf in a lidded plastic container which will help whenever demanded without prescription. Such medicines
in isolating the medicines from any other fridge items. The which are given without prescription demanded by patient
medicines container in the domestic fridge should not be are called as over the counter medicines (OTC). For such
accessible to service users. Some medicines require storage products physicians’ prescription is not required.
at less than 15°C. Since most services do not have a cool
room a refrigerator would probably provide appropriate After this, one may say that patients comes to pharmacy and
storage for such products, provided that storage below 8ºC sometimes asks medicines which patients has taken before
does not affect the medicine. on prescription and now patients has demands without
prescription. Such medicines come under OTC. It is not
The requirement to store medicines at 25°C or below can true. To clear OTC concept in other word- ‘The Medicines
usually be satisfied by room temperature storage. The which has television, newspaper advertisement are comes
requirement to monitor room temperatures is only an issue under OTC’. Our other products are not advertised by this
if the room appears to be “warm”. This might be the case, way e.g. Violin gel, Saridon, Zandu balm etc. Such drugs
for example, if the room was next to the kitchen, contained student pharmacist must have to identify during training
a cupboard with a hot water tank, was consistently warmed period and should mention in report. Those drugs are sale
by sunlight through a window etc. over the counter without prescription is called as over the
counter drug.
If the main medicines room falls into this sort of situation,
or if there is any doubt about the temperature of the room, it PRESCRIPTION READING AND COMMENTS
would be recommended that daily temperature readings are Prescription is a written order from a registered medical
recorded for a sustained period (e.g. 2-3 months) to practitioner or other properly licensed practitioners such as
ascertain if the temperature is consistently above 25 dentist, veterinarian etc. to a pharmacist to compound and
degrees. dispense a specific medication for the patient. Prescribing
are generally written in English language but Latin words or
If the main storage area is found to be consistently above abbreviations are frequently used in order to save time,
25°C measures such as the introduction of an air Hence every pharmacist must know the Latin terms and
conditioner should be implemented by the service in an abbreviations used by the physician. Generally prescriptions
attempt to control the problem. While some medicines will are written specific format and it contains different parts.
be unaffected at temperatures consistently above 25°C,
others, however, will not. If the service is in any doubt PARTS OF PRESCRIPTIONS3
about which medicines may be affected they should contact 1) Date
their supplying pharmacist for advice. 2) Name, Age, Sex and Address of the patient
3) Superscriptions
Summary 4) Inscriptions
1. Storage conditions can influence the stability of 5) Subscriptions
medicines. 6) Signature
2. Maximum and minimum temperatures over the 7) Renewal instructions
previous 24 hours should be recorded daily in fridges used 8) Signature address and Registrations number of the
to store medicines between 2°C and 8°C. prescriber
3. Temperatures should be recorded daily for any central
medicines storage areas if there is any concern that the
temperature is above 25°C.
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Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 7(9): September 2014
1) Date But now a day’s drugs are available in the market as ready-
It is more important to pharmacist to find out date of made formulations manufactured by different
prescribing and date of prescription for narcotic and other pharmaceutical companies. Hence in present day the role of
habit forming drugs the date is very important to avoid pharmacist is to hand over the ready-made preparations to
misuse of prescriptions. the patient and provide advice if demanded regarding mode
2) Name, Age, Sex and Address of patient of administration.
Identifications of prescriptions is depends on information’s
written like name, age, ,sex and address o patient on In course, theoretically student apprentice has covered all
prescriptions. If any mistake according to age and sex the aspects of prescription. But during training period he
pharmacist can check it and correct it by consulting with the has to use that knowledge while handling the prescription.
prescriber. Trainee pharmacist has to read the prescription carefully.
3) Superscription Trainee pharmacist must know the age and sex of patient
It is symbolic representations before writing the before dispensing drugs to them. This is because if there is
prescriptions ‘Rx’ is an abbreviations of Latin word mistake by physician trainee pharmacist can correct after
meaning ‘You Take ‘originally in old days it is considered consulting the physician regarding dose of preparation.
as a sign of Jupiter , the God of healing . It is a humble
request to god for quick recovery the patient Trainee pharmacist must have knowledge about the drugs
4) Inscription given in prescription that is about pharmacological action,
It is the main part of prescription it contains names and dose of drug, way of administration, storage condition etc.
quantities to be taken of prescribed ingredients. Also trainee pharmacist must know the adverse effects and
contra indications about drug. So that trainee pharmacist
Each ingredient is written on separate line along with its can understand that in prescription why other drugs are
prescribed quantity. written by physician e.g. Antacids etc
But in complex prescriptions several ingredients are given Trainee pharmacist must be able to evaluate the prescription
and such prescription is divided in two parts as follows – by giving special comments. The comments like why the
A) Base: It just contains the active ingredients which are drugs are prescribed along with other drugs.
given to produce described therapeutic effect.
B) Adjuvant: These are the ingredient which is use either Once this practice of evaluating the prescription in all way
to enhance the action of drug or improve the palatability of is adopted by student apprentice there are very less chances
the preparation. of giving wrong dose, drug, and preparation by them in
C) Vehicle: These are the ingredients which used to future.
dissolve the solid ingredient or to increase the volume of
preparation. Hence comments on the prescription apprentice received
5) Subscriptions during training period are important. It is not like that for
It contains the direction to the pharmacist for preparing the every prescription he/she has to comment. But from
number of doses for dispensing. But now this part is prescriptions handled during training period, out of that 20-
omitted because most of the prescriptions are not 30 prescriptions he/she should select and should evaluate
compounded. according to his/her knowledge and give comment about
6) Signature that.
This is the direction to the patient about administration of
the drug. It is usually written as ‘Sig’ on the patient must be The main objective of training to student pharmacist is not
transferred to the label of container in which medicament is only make him/her aware with medicines, but trainee
dispensed. pharmacist must also become competent enough to analyze
Instructions like the prescription with help of physicians and drug reference
A. Mode of administrations. book.
B. Frequency of administration or applications
C. Quantity to be taken SALES BILL AND PURCHASE BILL
D. Special instructions – such as dilution mixing etc. It is the duty of every pharmacist to give sales receipt to the
7) Renewal Instructions patient after dispensing the medicines. The sales invoice is
The prescriber should indicate or write on prescription important for patient and retail pharmacy, because it is the
whether it may be renewed and for how many times this is only one evidence that which medicines are given by retail
more important to prevent misuse of narcotic and habit pharmacy to the patient as shown in Table No.1.
drugs
8) Signature, address and registration number of In a pharmacy medicines are sold to the patient as per
prescriber prescription by charging the cost. This transaction is retail
At the end of prescription there must be signature of the trading. For resale firstly pharmacy owner should have to
prescriber along with its registration number qualifications purchase the medicines from wholesalers available in that
and address. area.
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Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 7(9): September 2014
In pharmacy market there are number of wholesalers are purchasing the medicines from wholesaler. For this purpose
available having medicines of different companies they sale during training period trainee pharmacist must go through
these medicines to retail pharmacy for resale to the patient. purchase bills. Purchase bill format is as shown in Table
As we know medicines are very important because they are No.2.
playing with human health, hence every student apprentice
pharmacist must know the important things while
SALES BILL
Table No. 1: The format of sales invoice of retail pharmacy
Name of Chemist and Druggist:-______________________ Cash Invoice No.
Address:-________________________________________
Patient Name and Address:-______________________________________________
Name of Physician:- _________________________________Date:-____________
Name of Medicine Qty. Mfg. Date Batch No. Expiry Date Amount
Total
PURCHASE BILL
Table No. 2: Purchase bill format
Name of Wholesaler Tax- Invoice
Name of Retail Pharmacy-__________________________ Date Invoice No.
Address-________________________________________
Drug License No._________________________________
Particulars Mfg. Pack Batch No. Expiry Date MRP Rate
Total
VAT No:-
CST No:-
Drug License No. of Wholesaler: - Sign.
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