Database (DB):

A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed,

managed and updated.

DBMS:

A DBMS is software that allows creation, definition and manipulation of database. Dbms is
actually a tool used to perform any kind of operation on data in database. Dbms also provides
protection and security to database. It maintains data consistency in case of multiple users.
Here are some examples of popular dbms, Oracle, Sybase, MYSql, Microsoft Access and IBM
DB2 etc.

RDBMS:

A Relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS)

that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd.

MS SQL Server:

MS SQL Server is a Relational Database Management System developed by Microsoft Inc. Its
primary query languages are:

 T-SQL.
 ANSI SQL.

History:
 1987 - Sybase releases SQL Server for UNIX.
 1988 - Microsoft, Sybase, and Aston-Tate port SQL Server to OS/2.
 1989 - Microsoft, Sybase, and Aston-Tate release SQL Server 1.0 for OS/2.
 1990 - SQL Server 1.1 is released with support for Windows 3.0 clients.
 2000 - Microsoft releases SQL Server 2000.
 2005 - Microsoft releases SQL Server 2005 on November 7th, 2005
 2008
 2008R2- 2010
 2012
 2014
 2016
  2017
 2019

SQL:
SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing, manipulating and
retrieving data stored in relational database.

SQL is the standard language for Relation Database System. All relational database
management systems like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, postgres and SQL
Server use SQL as standard database language.

DDL - Data Definition Language:

Command Description

CREATE Creates a new table, a view of a table, or other object in

database

ALTER Modifies an existing database object, such as a table.

DROP Deletes an entire table, a view of a table or other object in

the database.

DML - Data Manipulation Language:

Command Description

SELECT Retrieves certain records from one or more tables

INSERT Creates a record

UPDATE Modifies records

 DELETE Deletes records

DCL - Data Control Language:

Command Description

GRANT Gives a privilege to user

REVOKE Takes back privileges granted from user

TCL : Transaction Control Language

Command Description

Commit to permanently save

Rollback to undo change

Savepoint to save temporarily

DQL : Data Query Language

Command Description

Select retrieve records from one or more table