Oracle & SQL Introduction

Database Design Revision

Steps in building a database for an application:

1. Analysis:
 Understand real-world domain being captured.

2. Design:
 Specify it using a database conceptual model (ER).
 Translate specification to model of DBMS (Relational).

3. Implementation (using DBMS):

 Create schema using DBMS commands (DDL).
 Load data (DML).
 Relational Database
 A relational database is a DB that stores the data in the form
of tables/relations with rows and columns. Every table shares
at least one column with another table (Relationships).

 A table/Relation is the category of data, like Staff. The

columns are information about the category (Attributes), like
name or address and the rows are the actual data or records.
 Oracle
 Oracle is a powerful relational database management
system (RDBMS) that offers a large feature set.

 Oracle is widely regarded as one of the popular full-featured

database systems on the market today.

 In almost all relational databases, data is accessed through

Structured Query Language (SQL), and Oracle is one of
them.

 SQL is nonprocedural language that represents a

combination of DDL and DML.
 Data Definition Language (DDL)

DDL is a descriptive language for defining the database schema.

Some of the main SQL-DDL commands are:

CREATE TABLE

ALTER TABLE

DROP TABLE
 Data Manipulation Language (DML)
 DML is a language for retrieving and updating (insert, delete, &
modify) the data in the DB.

 The main SQL-DML commands are:

SELECT

INSERT INTO

UPDATE

DELETE FROM
 Simple Queries
Syntax:
SELECT { * | column | column_expression [,…] }
FROM table_name;

Staff
 Simple Queries
Retrieve all columns & rows
Example: Retrieve all staff information.

SELECT StaffNo, Fname, Lname, position, sex, DOB, Salary, BrnNo

FROM staff;

OR

SELECT *
FROM staff;
 Simple Queries
Retrieve specific columns & all rows
Example: List salaries of all staff, showing only
the staff number, the full and last name, and
salary.

SELECT StaffNo, Fname, Lname, Salary

FROM staff;
 Simple Queries
Row selection (WHERE clause)

Syntax:
SELECT { * | column | column_expression [,…] }
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Comparison operators: = , <, >, <=, >=, <>

 Simple Queries
Row selection (WHERE clause)
Example: List all staff with a salary greater
than 10,000.

SELECT sno, fname, lname, salary

FROM staff
WHERE salary > 10000;
Oracle 11g (SQL Developer)

Demo
• Connection name: global
• User name: Sserial-number_section-number
– ex: S1_25486
• Password: Sserial-number_section-number
– ex: S1_25486
• Hostname: 10.6.14.101
• Servicename: global11g