NETWORK:

LAN

MAN

WAN

IP ADDRESS ?

IP ---->
DOTTED DECIMAL NOTATION

EX: 127.0.0.1

IETF---->IANA----->RIR---->NIR----->LIR(ISP)----->CUSTOMER (IP)

IP ADDRESS------>IPV4 AND IPV6

IPV4 -----> 32 BIT

IPV6 ----->128 BIT ----->3.4*10^38=341 BILLIONS

1 ST OCTET 2 OCTET 3OCTET 4 OCTET

START ADDRESS----->00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000------->0.0.0.0

END ADDRESS-------->11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111----->255.255.255.255

WEIGHTS ----> 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

EX 10.35.1.10----->00001010.00100011.00000001.00001010

11001010.11110000.11100000.11111111-------> 202.240.224.255

2 BIT BINARY ------->00,01,10,11------>2^2=4

2^32=4.3 BILLION IPS

CLASSIFICATION OF IPV4 ------->CLASSFUL , CLASS LESS

CLASS FUL IP ----->CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PRIORITY

PRIORITY BIT
0 CLASS A(N.H.H.H)--------->USED IN LAN & WAN
---->N-->8,H-->24

10 CLASS B (N.N.H.H) ------> USED IN LAN & WAN

----->N-16,H->16

110 CLASS C (N.N.N.H) -------> USED IN LAN & WAN ----->N-

24,H->8

1110 CLASS D MULTICASTING

 1111 CLASS E FOR FUTURE USE ( R&D )

1. CLASS A---->PRIORITY BIT ->0---->(1-126)

START ADDRESS 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000---->0.0.0.0 (DEFAULT

ROUTE )

END ADDRESS 01111111.11111111.11111111.11111111----->127.255.255.255

LOOP BACK IP---->127.0.0.1

* NO.OF NETWROKS -----> 2^(N-P)-----> 2^(7)---128 NWS ------->128-2=126 NWS

* NO.OF HOSTS/NW -----> 2^H-2----->(2^24)-2=16777214

N----->NO.OF NW BITS ---->8

P----->NO.OF PRIORITY BITS-----> 1

H--->NO.OF HOSTS BITS ---->24

2. CLASS B---->PRIORITY BIT ->10------>(128-191)

START ADDRESS 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000---->128.0.0.0

END ADDRESS 10111111.11111111.11111111.11111111----->191.255.255.255

3 CLASS C----->PRIORITY BIT ->110------>( 192-223 )

START ADDRESS 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000---->192.0.0.0

END ADDRESS 11011111.11111111.11111111.11111111----->223.255.255.255

4.4. CLASS D----->(224-239)

5. 5. CLASS E------>(240-254)

255.255.255.255 ----->BROADCAST ADDRESS

EX 11.35.1.10-------> CLASS A------->N.H.H.H

172.16.10.20-------> CLASS B

192.168.1.10------>CLASS C

* NETWROK ADDRESS---->BY REPLACING HOST BITS WITH ALL BINARY 0'S

 WE CAN OBTAIN NW ADDRESS

EX IP 11.35.1.10-----> 11.0.0.0 NW ADDRESS

EX IP 10.35.1.10----->10.0.0.0 NW ADDRESS

EX IP 172.16.10.20----> 172.16.0.0

EX IP 192.168.1.10-----> 192.168.1.0 NW ADDRESS

EX 192.168.2.10-----------> 192.168.2.0 NW ADDRESS

* BROADCAST ADDRESS: BY REPLACING HOST BITS WITH ALL BINARY 1'S

WE CAN OBTAIN NW ADDRESS

EX IP 11.35.1.10-----> B CAST ADDRESS--->11.255.255.255

EX IP 192.168.1.10-----> 192.168.1.255 B CAST ADDRESS

EX 192.168.1.0 NW ADDRESS------->

( NW ADDRESS)START ADDRESS -->192.168.1.0

VALID IPS
------------------------------------>192.168.1.1

192.168.1.254
( B CAST ADDRESS) ENDING ---->
192.168.1.255

SUBNET MASK VALUE(SNM): FOR DIFFERENTIATING NW PART AND HOST PART

FOR OBTAINING SNM VALUE ,REPLACE NW BITS WITH BINARY 1'S AND
HOSTBITS WITH BINARY 0'S

EX IP 192.168.1.10------>SNM 255.255.255.0

EX 11.35.1.10----------> SNM 255.0.0.0

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------

1. PRIVATE IP ADDRESS(FREE ):

LAN,INTRANET,CAMPUS

CLASS A ----> 10.0.0.0 TO 10.255.255.255

CLASS B------->172.16.0.0 TO 172.31.255.255
CLASS C-------->192.168.0.0 TO 192.168.255.255

EX 192.168.3.30

2. PUBLIC IP ADDRESS(PAY)

ACCESSING INTERNET WE NEED PUBLIC IP

 EX IP----> 17.16.31.10

EX IP------> 21.11.2.10

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBNETTING : FOR REDUCING THE WASTAGE OF IP ADDRESSES

CLASS LESS IP :

FLSM

VLSM

* COLLEGE 4 DEPTS ---->CSE,IT ,ECE,EEE @50 STUDENTS =200 STUDENTS /DEVICES

CLASS C -----> 192.168.1.0 ----->254 DEVICES-----200=50 IPS WASTED

CSE -----> 192.168.1.1 TO 192.168.1.50

IT -----> 192.168.1.51 TO 192.168.1.100

ECE -----> 192.168.1.101 TO 192.168.1.150

EEE -----> 192.168.1.151 TO 192.168.1.200

*WANT SEPEARTE NWS FOR DEPARTMENTS

CSE -----> 192.168.1.1 TO 192.168.1.50-----------> 254-50=204

IT -----> 192.168.2.1 TO 192.168.2.50

ECE -----> 192.168.3.1 TO 192.168.3.50

EEE -----> 192.168.4.1 TO 192.168.4.50

TOTALLY 200*4=800 IPS

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------
*NO.OF SUBNETS IS 4

192.168.1.0/24--------------------> N.N.N.HHHHHHHH

2^B>=NO.OF SUBNETS
2^2=4

(NO.OF BITS TO BE BORROWED )B=2

N.N.N.NNHHHHHH/(24+2)

NO.OF HOST BITS =6

NO.OF HOSTS /SUBNET NW -------->(2^H)-2 = 64-2=62 HOSTS/SUBNET

 SNM : 255.255.255.192

CSE---->192.168.1.0 -----------------------------------------> 192.168.1.63

+64

IT -----> 192.168.1.64---------------------------------------> 192.168.1.127

+64

ECE 192.168.1.128----------------------------------------->192.168.1.191

EEE 192.168.1.192------------------------------------------>192.168.1.255