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1.1Geol
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 Abstract
 Acknowl edgement s
 Li
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 Li
stofFi gur es
 Abbrev i
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 Content s
 Chapter1: Int
roduct i
on
 Chapter2: Lit
eratureRevi
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 Chapter3: Materialsandmethods
 Chapter4: Result
sandDi scussi
ons
 Chapter5: ConclusionandRecommendat
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 References
  Appendi
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EVALUATETHEEFFI
CIENCYOFWASTEWATERTREATMENTPLANTOF
TEXTI
LEUNI
T

By
Mar
iaAsl
am

Undert
heSuper
visi
onof

Pr
of.Dr
.Saj
idRashi
dAhmad
M.
Sc.(
Pb)
,M.
Sc.(
Canada)
,Ph.
D.(
Canada)

At
hesi
ssubmi
tt
edt
oUniver
sit
yofthePunjabinthepar
ti
alful
fi
ll
mentofrequi
rementsf
orthe
degr
eeofMS/M.Phi
l
.Envi
ronmentalSci
encesorGeomaticsorAppl
i
edHy drol
ogyor
Occupat
ionalHeal
thandSafety

COLLEGEOFEARTHANDENVIRONMENTALSCIENCES
UNIVERSI
TYOFTHEPUNJAB,
LAHORE-
PAKISTAN

SESSI
ON2018-
2020
MS Thesi

EVALUATETHEEFFI
CIENCYOFWASTEWATERTREATMENTPLANT
OFTEXTI
LEUNI
T
Mar
iaAsls
am

MSEnv
ironment
alSci
ences
Sessi
on2014-
2016

By

Mar
iaAsl
am
Sessi
on2018-
2020

COLLEGEOFEARTHANDENVIRONMENTALSCI
ENCES
UNI
VERSI
TYOFTHEPUNJAB,
LAHORE-
PAKISTAN
 CERTI
FICATEOFAPPROVAL

Thi
sthesi
sbyMuhammad-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
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--
--
-isher
ebyappr
ovedf
ort
he

submi
ssi
on t
otheUni
ver
sit
yoft
hePunj
ab,Lahor
einpar
ti
alf
ulf
il
lmentoft
he

r
equi
rement
sfort
hedegr
eeofMS/M.
Phi
l
.Thesi
sinEnv
ironment
alSci
encesor

……….

SUPERVI
SOR SUPERVI
SOR

Dr.AbdulQadi r Prof.Dr.Saj
idRashidAhmad
AssociateProfessor CollegeofEarthandEnvir
onment
al
Coll
egeofEar thandEnvir
onment
alSci
ences Sciences
Univer
sityofthePunjab Universi
tyofthePunjab
Lahore,Paki
stan Lahor e,
Paki
stan

PRI
NCI
PAL

Prof.Dr.Saj
idRashidAhmad
Coll
egeofEar thandEnvir
onment
alSci
ences
Universi
tyofthePunjab
Lahore,Paki
stan
 CONTENTS

Abst
ract i

Acknowl
edgment
s i
i
i

Li
stofTabl
es i
v

Li
stofFi
gur
es v
i

Li
stofAbbr
evi
ati
ons v
ii

CHAPTER1 I
NTRODUCTI
ON 1

1.
1 1

1.
2 2

1.
3 3

1.
4 5

1.
5 5

CHAPTER2 LI
TERATUREREVI
EW 7

2.
1 8

2.
2 9

2.
3 10

2.
3.1 11

2.
3.1.
1 11

2.
3.1.
2 11

2.
3.1.
3 11

2.
3.1.
4 12

2.
4 12

2.
4.1 13

2.
4.2 16
 2.
5 17

2.
5.1 18

2.
5.2 19

2.
5.3 20

2.
5.4 20

2.
5.5 21

2.
6 22

2.
6.1 22

2.
6.2 24

2.
6.3 25

2.
7 26

2.
7.1 27

2.
7.2 28

2.
7.3 28

2.
8 29

CHAPTER3 MATERI
ALSANDMETHODS 32

3.
1 32

3.
2 33

3.
3 33

3.
4 34

3.
5 34

3.
6 35

3.
7 35

3.
8 36

3.
9 36
 3.
10 36

3.
11 37

3.
12 38

CHAPTER4 RESULTSANDDI
SCUSSI
ON 39

4.
1 39

4.
1.1 39

4.
1.2 42

4.
1.3 44

4.
2 46

4.
2.1 46

4.
2.2 46

4.
2.3 48

4.
2.4 53

4.
2.5 54

4.
2.6 56

4.
2.6.
1 56

4.
2.6.
2 57

4.
2.6.
3 58

4.
3 61

4.
3.1 62

4.
3.2 64

4.
3.3 65

4.
3.4 68

4.
3.5 70

4.
3.5.
1 70
 4.
3.5.
2 70

4.
3.5.
3 71

CHAPTER5 CONCLUSI
ONS AND SUGGESTI
ONS FOR 76
FUTUREWORK

5.
1 76

5.
2 78

5.
3 80

REFERENCES 85

APPENDI
X-I PUBLI
CATI
ON(
ifany
) 115
 i

ABSTRACT

Al
thought
he
 i
i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Al
l
ahAl
might
y(SWT)–t
heLor
dofwor
lds,
theSust
aineroft
hewor
ldsbepr
aised
whot
hroughhi
sli
mit
lessmer
ciesenabl
edmet
ocompl
etet
het
hesi
sunder
r
efer
ence.

Al
lcompl
i
ment
sar
eduet
otheHol
yPr
ophetMuhammad(
PeacebeuponHi
m),
t
hegr
eat
estsoci
alr
efor
merandr
evol
uti
oner
,whoi
sasy
mbolofgui
danceand
sour
ceofknowl
edge.

Iowe deep gr
ati
tude t
o Dr
.Mar
kus Tul
l
er,Depar
tmentofSoi
l
,Wat
erand
Env
ironment
,Uni
ver
sit
yofAr
izona,USA,f
orhi
scooper
ati
onandf
ri
endl
yat
ti
tude
whi
l
ewor
kingasv
isi
ti
ngschol
arwi
thhi
m.

Idon’
thav
ewor
dsadequat
eenought
oexpr
essmygr
ati
tudet
oMr
.Muhammad
Akr
am f
orhi
sval
uabl
egui
dancet
hatwental
ongwayt
ocompl
etet
hePhD
pr
oject
.

Iwi
sht
orecor
dmyhear
ti
estt
hankst
omysi
ster
,wi
fe,
son,
daught
ers,whohav
e
beenpr
ayi
ngf
ormysuccessunt
ilt
hecompl
eti
onoft
hisst
udy
.

Iwoul
d al
so l
i
ket
o acknowl
edgeand t
hankHi
gherEducat
ion Commi
ssi
on,
I
slamabadf
orf
inanci
alassi
stancet
ocompl
etet
hisr
esear
chpr
oject
.
 i
i
i

LI
STOFTABLES

Tabl
e1.
1 03

Tabl
e3.
1 21

Tabl
e3.
2 23

Tabl
e-3.
3 26

Tabl
e-3.
4 27

Tabl
e-3.
5 28
 i
v

LI
STOFFI
GURES

Fi
gur
e1.
1 3

Fi
gur
e3.
1 21

Fi
gur
e3.
2 23

Fi
gur
e3.
3 26

Fi
gur
e3.
4 27

Fi
gur
e3.
5 28
Chapt
erOne 1 I
ntr
oduct
ion

Chapt
er1

I
NTRODUCTI
ON

1.
1 Backgr
ound
Aboutone-
for
thoft
otal
area(
79.
61M ha)ofPaki
stan
Chapt
erTwo 2 Li
ter
atur
eRev
iew

Chapt
er2
LI
TERATUREREVI
EW

2.
1 ……….
.
Chapt
erThr
ee 3 Mat
eri
alsandMet
hods

Chapt
er3
MATERI
ALSANDMETHODS

3.
1 ……….
.
Chapt
erFour 4 Resul
tsandDi
scussi
ons

Chapt
er4
RESULTSANDDI
SCUSSI
ONS

4.
1 ……….
.

Tabl 1: I
e4. nvi
tr
ogr
owt
hpr
omot
ingpot
ent
ial
ofNi
-t
oler
antbact
eri
a

Gr
owt
hAt
tri
but
es
Bacteri
al
Fresh Vi
gorI
ndex
St
rains RootLengt
h Shoot Ger
minati
on
Weight
(
cm) Length(cm) (%)
(
mg)

C 3.
15±0.
31d 3.
52±0.
26d 38±1.
74d 52d 3.
93±0.
21cd

CS2 4.
36±0.
35b 5.
25±0.
38ab 64±3.
42b 65bc 6.
24±0.
35b

CS14 3.
65±0.
36cd 3.
96±0.
32cd 54±3.
26bc 69bc 5.
25±0.
29bc

CS15 3.
83±0.
32bc 4.
12±0.
18c 62±2.
86bc 57cd 4.
53±0.
31c

CS18 3.
46±0.
27cd 3.
58±0.
28cd 56±2.
24bc 61c 4.
29±0.
27cd

CS26 3.
32±0.
28cd 3.
50±0.
24cd 46±2.
04cd 58cd 3.
95±0.
29cd

CS41 4.
29±0.
37bc 5.
15±0.
46b 57±3.
21bc 75b 5.
38±0.
45bc

CS43 3.
56±0.
18cd 3.
62±0.
19cd 45±2.
15cd 54cd 3.
87±0.
19cd

CS54 3.
38±0.
24cd 3.
56±0.
28cd 54±2.
36bc 56cd 3.
87±0.
29cd

MCR-
8 5.
21±0.
54a 6.
72±0.
45a 67±4.
6a 89a 10.
74±0.
86a

Val
uesrepresentmeans±SE( n=3).Di
ff
erentl
ett
ersabovethebar
sex
hibi
t
si
gni
fi
cantdiff
erencebet
weent
het
reat
ment
s(P≤0.05).C=Cont
rol
.
Chapt
erFour 5 Resul
tsandDi
scussi
ons
Chapt
erFour 6 Resul
tsandDi
scussi
ons

Fi
gur
e.4.
1:Showi
ngscat
terpl
otofdr
ainwat
erandgr
oundwat
erf
ormet
als
Chapt
erFi
ve 7 Concl
usi
onandRecommendat
ions

Chapt
er5
CONCLUSI
ONSANDRECOMMENDATI
ONS

5.
1 Concl
usi
ons
Chapt
erFi
ve 8 Concl
usi
onandRecommendat
ions

5.
2 Recommendat
ions
Ref
erences 9

REFERENCES

Ahmad,S.
R.,Khan,M.S.
,Khan,A.
,Ghazi
,S.andAl
i
,S.(
2012)
.SewageWat
er
I
ntr
usi
on i
nthe Gr
oundwat
erofLahor
e,i
ts Causes and Pr
otect
ions.
Paki
stanJour
nal
ofNut
ri
ti
on,
11(
4):
484-
488.

Campbel
l
,J.
B.,(
2002)
.Int
roduct
ion t
o Remot
e Sensi
ng (
Thi
rd Edi
ti
on)
,the
Gui
l
for
dPr
ess,
1-621.

Edwar
d,J.
L.(
2012)
.DEM BasedGeomor
phi
canal
ysi
sal
ongKal
abaghFaul
tand
Pot
owarPl
ateaut
oconst
rai
nsur
facedef
ormat
ion:I
nfer
encesf
rom Remot
e
Sensi
ng and GI
S.M.
Phi
lThesi
s,Col
l
ege ofEar
th and Env
ironment
al
Sci
ences,
Uni
ver
sit
yoft
hePunj
ab,
Lahor
e,1-
117.

Gi
bson,P.
JandPower
,C.
H(2000)
.Int
roduct
oryRemot
eSensi
ng:Di
git
alI
mage
Pr
ocessi
ngandAppl
i
cat
ions.Rout
ledge.I
SBN0-
415-
18962-
4.

Masood,
A.,
Ahmad,
S.R.
,Mahmood,
S.A.
,Qur
eshi
,J.
,Raf
ique,
H.M.
andKhan,
M.S
(
2012)
.Sur
faceDef
ormat
iont
hroughFr
act
alAnal
ysi
sofDEM BasedSpat
ial
Dr
ainagePat
ter
nsi
nGi
l
gitBal
ti
stanRegi
on(
Nor
ther
nPaki
stan)
.Paki
stan
Jour
nal
ofSci
ence,
64(
2):
163-
172.

Qur
eshi
,J.(
2012)
.DEM BasedGeomor
phi
canal
ysi
sal
ongKal
abaghFaul
tand
Pot
owar Pl
ateau t
o Const
rai
n Sur
face Def
ormat
ion:I
nfer
ences f
rom
Remot
eSensi
ngandGI
S.Publ
i
shedi
nthepr
oceedi
ngsofI
nter
nat
ional
M.
Phi
lThesi
s,Col
l
egeofEar
thandEnv
ironment
alSci
ences,Uni
ver
sit
yof
t
hePunj
ab,
Lahor
e,1-
117.

Uni
ted St
ates Env
ironment
alPr
otect
ion Agency (
2014)
.Cl
i
mat
e Change,
Ret
ri
evedf
rom:
htt
p:/
/wwww.
epa.
gov
.cl
i
mat
echange