Content Attribute — that the mode of conduct or end-state is important Intensity Attribute — just how important that content is ‘A person’s values rank ordered by intensity Tends to be relatively constant and consistent— Desirable end-states of existence; the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime 2) Instrumental Values — Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values or categories tend to hold values vary between groups ie differences make it difficult for groups to n Executives ‘Union Members Activists ‘Terminal Instrumental | Terminal Instrumental_| Terminal Instrumental |. Self-respect |, Honest —_| I. Family security 1. Responsible | 1. Equaliey |. Honest 2. Family security 2. Responsible | 2. Freedom 2 Honest. © | 2. Aworld of 2. Helpful peace 3. Freedom 3. Capable 3. Happiness 3. Courageous | 3. Family security 3. Courageous 4. Asense of 4. Ambitious | 4. Serespect 4. Independent | 4, Selfrespect 4. Responsible accomplishment 5. Happiness 5. Independane |5. Mature lore 5. Capable |S. Freedom S. CapableEntered Workforce 1950-1964 1965-1985 1985-2000 Approximate Current Age 65+ Dominant Work ‘Hard working, conservative, conforming; loyalty to the organization Success, achievement, ambiti dislike of authority; loyalty to career Work/life balance, team- oriented, dislike of rules; lo torelationships Confident, financial succe self-reliant but team. loyalty to both self and. relationships ~~ John Holland’s Personality-Job Fit Theory * Six personality types Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) — Key Points of the Model: * There appear to be intrinsic differences in personality be people * There are different types of jobs People in jobs congruent with their personality ‘isfied and have lower turnover> Person-Organization Fit: — The employce’s personality must fit with the o culture. — People are attracted to organizations that match their ~— Those who match are most likely to be selected. Mismatches will result in turnover. Can use the Big Five personality types to match to the izational culture,> ~ Do frameworks like Big Five transfer across cultures? e in the culture may vary. + Yes, but the frequency of ty * Better in individualistic than collectivist cultures. Values differ across cultures. Hofstede’s Framework for assessing culture — five value dimensions: * Power Distance Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs. Femininity * Uncertainty Avoidan + Long-ierm ys. Short-term Orientation er Distance *Low distance *Relatively equal power between those with status/wealth and those without status/wealth *High distance xtremely unequal power distribution between those with status/vealth and those without status/wealth~ The degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as member of groups > A tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them _ Vilfalis ~ The extent to which the society values work roles of achievement, power, and control, and where assertiveness and materialism are also valued The extent to which there is little differentiation between roles for men and womenSociety does not like ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them. Society does not mind ambiguous situations and embraces them. — A national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence v ~ A national culture attribute that emphasizes the present and the here and now S&.