Institute of Southern Punjab Multan

Department of Computer Science

Assignment Top Cover
Date:13/04/20
Due Date:13/04/20
Assignment Tool used: Assignment
FOR STUDENT USE
Registration No. Bsit-021R19-15
Name Adnan Hameed
Class BSIT
Section A
Semester 5th
Session Main-Spring-Regular-2019
Course Code
Course Name System and Network
Administrator
Teacher Name Sir Zia ur Rehman Zia
Course Coordinator Mam Mariam
Assignment No. 05

Description

Extended: yes granted by: ISP LMS

Student Signature: Adnan

FOR TEACHER USE

Total Marks: Obtained

Marks:
Teacher’s Signature:
 Question no 1:
>>
A file system is a process that manages how and where data on a storage
disk, typically a hard disk drive is stored, accessed and managed. It is a logical
disk component that manages a disk's internal operations as it relates to a
computer and is abstract to a human user.

Commonly used file systems include File Allocation Table 32 (FAT 32), New
Technology File System (NTFS) and Hierarchical File System (HFS).

A file system basically organizes the data after storing it and it acts as an index
type for all the data available in the storage device. It also uses the structures of
directories to specify path to the file with the help of a format. This solves the
problem of storing files to a storage device and retrieving data from that device.

In magnetic storage, there is use of read write head that moves near the
magnetic surface. The read-write head detects the magnetization of the
material’s surface and modifies it. There are small regions to which magnetic
surface is divided and each region has uniform magnetization. With the move of
head, the changes occur in magnetization are detected and recorded. This is how
the entities are identified on magnetic surface.

The user stores and retrieves data in the file system in the form of directories
and files. In such storage, the user need not to worry about the structure of
storage medium. The file system hides the storage structure because it acts as an
index type for the data.

Question no 2:
>>
Here taking primary OS as kali linux: (this will be same for any linux
distrubition)
Log files are a system generated file that contains information about the
activities that are being performed in the system or in the application when linux
is concerned most important log files are stored in the directory called /var/log.
This directory contains all the major system related logs and log files of some of
the most important applications like apache(www),FTP,mysql,samba etc
To access these files firstly change the directory to /var/log/ and than command
like cat,head or tail can be used to view the files here are the screenshot of the
following procedure:(viewing log files using ls command).

Now to view the log files use the cat command:

here as an example viewing the user.log file

To follow the changes made in the log files use the command tail -f logfile this
command will display the last 10 lines of the log file so most recent changes can
be viewed
Here viewing the auth.log file using tail command auth.log file conatins the user
logging related events so whenever a user logs in an entry is created and if there
is any failed attempt that is also reported in this file
In this direstory log files of services are also stored:
Here accessing the log files of apache2(www) service (it will be empty as the
service is not running):