Institute of Southern Punjab Multan

Department of Computer Science

Assignment Top Cover
Date:12/11/20
Due Date:12/11/20
Assignment Tool used: Assignment
FOR STUDENT USE
Registration No. Bsit-021R19-15
Name Adnan Hameed
Class BSIT
Section A
Semester 4th
Session Main-Spring-Regular-2019
Course Code
Course Name Operating system
Teacher Name Sir Zohair Haider
Course Coordinator Mam Mariam
Assignment No. 02
Discuss micro
Description kernel approach
and layered
approach
Extended: yes granted by: ISP LMS

Student Signature: Adnan

FOR TEACHER USE

Total Marks:
Marks: Obtained

Teacher’s Signature:
 Micro kernel approach

Kernel is the core part of an operating system which manages system resources. It also
acts like a bridge between application and hardware of the computer. It is one of the
first programs loaded on start-up. The CPU can execute certain instruction only when
it is in the kernel mode. These instruction are called privilege instruction. They allow
implementation of special operation whose execution by the user program could
interface with the functioning of operating system or activity of another user program.
For example, instruction for managing memory protection.
Microkernel is one of the classification of the kernel. Being a kernel it manages all
system resources. But in a microkernel, the user services and kernel services are
implemented in different address space. The user services are kept in user address
space, and kernel services are kept under kernel address space, thus also reduces the
size of kernel and size of operating system as well.

Layered approach

A system can have different designs and modules. One of them is the layered
approach, in which the operating system is broken into a number of layers, the bottom
layer (layer 0) being hardware and the highest being the user interface.
In this approach, construction is simple in understanding and debugging. If an error is
found during the debugging of a particular layer, the error must be on that layer,
because the layers below it are already debugged. Thus, the design and
implementation of the systems are simplified. Appropriately defining various layers is
difficult because each layer can use only the lower-level layers, therefore, careful
planning is required. For example, the device driver for the backing store (disk space
used by virtual-memory algorithms) must be at a lower level than the memory-
management routines, because memory management requires a backing store.

Why we use Micro Kernal approach over Layered and Layered

approach over Micro Kernal Approach:
Micro Kernal Approach
1. Microkernel architecture is
small and isolated therefore it
can function better. modularity.
2. Microkernels are secure because With the layered approach, the bottom
only those components are
included that disrupt the
functionality of the system
otherwise.
3. The expansion of the system is
more accessible, so it can be
added to the system application
without disturbing the Kernel.
4. Microkernels are modular, and
the different modules can be
replaced, reloaded, modified
without even touching the
Kernel.
5. Microkernel interface helps you
to enforce a more modular
system structure.
6. Increased security and stability
will result in a decreased
amount of code which runs on
kernel mode.
Example: Mac OS X, Symbian OS,
Integrity OS.
Layered approach
This allows implementers to change
the inner workings, and increases
layer is the hardware, while the highest
layer is the user interface
The main advantage is simplicity of
construction and debugging.
As long as the external interface of the
routines doesn’t change, developers
have more freedom to change the inner
workings of the routines.
Every layer is concerned with its own
functions. So the functions and
implementations of the other layers are
abstract to it.
The main disadvantage is that the OS
tends to be less efficient than other
implementations.
Example: Windows NT OS.

Reference Links: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/layered-operating-system/#:~:text=Layered

%20Structure%20is%20a%20type,well%2Ddefined%20task%20to%20perform.&text=Example
%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Windows%20NT%20operating,as%20a%20part%20of%20it.
https://www.ques10.com/p/47338/design-approaches-of-operating-system-layered-ke-1/
https://www.guru99.com/microkernel-in-operating-systems.html
http://faculty.salina.k-state.edu/tim/ossg/Introduction/struct.html