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Bhaja Govindam was written by Jagadguru Adi Shankaracharya. Bhaja govindam is one of the minor
compositions of the spiritual giant, Adi Shankaracharya. It is classified as a prakarana grantha, a
primer to the major works. Though sung as a bhajan, it contains the essence of vedanta and implores
the man to think, ``Why am I here in this life? Why am I amassing wealth, family, but have no peace?
What is the Truth? What is the purpose of life?
The person thus awakened gets set on a path to the inner road back to the God principle.
The background of Bhaja Govindam is worth examining. During his stay in Kashi, Shankara noticed a
very old man studying the rules of sanskrit by Panini. Shankara was touched with pity at seeing the
plight of the old man spending his years at a mere intellectual accomplishment while he would be
better off praying and spending time to control his mind. Shankara understood that the majority of
the world was also engaged in mere intellectual, sense pleasures and not in the divine
contemplation. Seeing this, he burst forth with the verses of Bhaja govindam.
In 31 verses, he, like no other, explains our fallacies, our wrong outlook for life, and dispells our
ignorance and delusions. Thus, bhaja govindam was originally known as moha mudgaara, the
remover of delusions.
Shankara explains, nay chides, us for spending our time in useless trivia like amassing wealth, lusting
after (wo)men and requests us to discriminate and cultivate the knowledge to learn the difference
between the real and the unreal. To emphasise that, he concludes that all knowledge other than the
Self-Knowledge is useless, Shankara makes the person realize how foolish he/she is in the conduct
and behaviour by these verses, and shows the purpose of our worldly existence, which is to seek
Govinda and attain Him.
Bhaja govindam is divided into dvaadasha manjarikaa stotram and chaturdasha manjarika stotram.
At the end of composing the first stanza, it is said that Shankara burst forth with the next 11 stanzas
of bhaja govindam. Thus stanzas 1-12 are called dvaadash manjarika stotram. Inspired by the
extempore recital by Shankara, each of his 14 disciples composed a verse and the 14 verse
compendium is called chaturdasha manjarika stotram . Shankara added the finishing touches by
adding five of his own stanzas at the last bringing the total to 31.
Bhaja govindam has been set to musical tones and sung as prayer songs by children. It is divided into
dvaadashapajnjarikaa and charpatapajnjarikaa for this purpose.
The former is a set of verses (verses 1-12a) while the rest of the verses form charpatapajnjarikaa.
Anyone who listens to the music of Bhaja govindam is attracted to it. However, the significance of
the text goes much deeper and contains a well-defined philosophy of attaining salvation. Shankara's
words seem to be quite piercing and seem to lack the softness and tenderness often found in his
other texts, thus addressing directly.
The reason is that this was an extempore recital to an old man. His words can be compared to a
knife of a doctor. The doctor's knife cruely removes the tumor with much pain, but removing the
tumor ultimately restores good health in the patient.So is Shankara's words, which pierce and point
out our ignorance.It is a knife into the heart of worldiness, and by removing this tumor of ignorance,
we can attain everlasting bliss with the grace of Govinda.
Substance:
Commentary: By repeating the words "Bhaga Govindam" thrice in the very first
two lines of the first sloka itself, Jagatguru Sri Adi Sankaracharya is trying to
bring home the point that human being has no other escape except immersing
oneself in the thoughts of Lord, and praying with utmost sincerity, reciting the
Divine Namas of the Lord rather than getting engrossed in anxieties to possess
wealth or acquire social status or achievements. Here the rules of grammar
mean all secular knowledge and earthly acquisitions or possessions. The one
who runs after materialistic gains is Moodhamathi. The purport of these words is
that any amount of knowledge cannot save the soul when death knocks at the
door of this limited body. At that time, one has to leave behind one's material
benefits and social status. These acquisitions will not help one gain the
knowledge of the Soul, which is permanent, when the impermanent body
withers, it turns out to be a dead-wood. It does not mean that one should shun
away the pursuit of living for knowledge, but, at the same time, one should
understand its limited capacity, and one should seriously try to acquire that
knowledge which alone can save a person from the slavery of imperfections. We
should remember the truth that it is a manifested world and it is impermanent.
Other than God or Soul, everything else is temporary. Death will snatch away
the existence of the body and the manifested world. What is the use of all the
acquisitions and knowledge then? So, while living in this secular world, or
materialistic world, one should endeavour to understand and master the secret
of purposeful life. One should identify oneself with the Lord, who can only give
solace to the parched materialistic lives. One should progress spiritually after
each death, instead of getting deeper and deeper into mundane pleasures. It is
rather sad that quite a few of us are of the opinion that spirituality is for those
who retired from employment or aged people. The intellect, which has not been
trained to remember God until one attains sixty years, will never resort to
spirituality after that. Even if it does, for argument sake, what is guarantee that
the cruel hands of death will not embrace one before that? So, one should
understand the fallacy of this argument and train the mind from the childhood
itself to start practicing recitation of the Lord's name with every breath that one
inhales and exhales, otherwise it is just impossible to remember God's name at
the time of death. It is, therefore, imperative that one should keep repeating the
Divine Names of Lord at every possible moment. Bhaja does not mean
monotonous and routine ritual with mechanical chanting of some selected Namas
or Mantras. It is rather much deeper than that. The true Bhajan of Lord is to
offer True Seva or Service to Lord with Love and devotion and in that sense,
every human being is a Lord. Bhagavan is Bhava Graahi. He is not enamoured or
attracted by the pomp and show of the devotee. He looks deep into the heart of
the devotee to see how much sincere one is while worshiping Him or serving the
needy, treating them as the God Himself (i.e., Manava sevahi Madhava
seva). There are nine types of Service to be offered at the feet of Lord. A
devotee can adopt any one, according to one's choice and temperament. They
are (1) Sravanam (listening to the stories or glory of Lord), (2) Keertanam
(Singing the glory of the Lord), (3) Smaranam (Constantly thinking about the
nature and beauty, divine qualities and characteristics of the Lord, (4)
Paadasevaram (Adorning the sacred feet of Lord in a spirit of self-obliteration),
(5) Archanam (Worshiping the Lord with rituals, mantras and with self-less
love), (6) Vandanam (Salute or to pay obeisance to the Lord), (7) Dassyam
(Serving the Lord), (8) Sakhyam (Invoking an affectionate friendship with Lord,
and (9) Aatmanivedanam (To offer oneself with complete dedication or total
surrender to the Lord as a humble gift at His altar). Every devotee has the
liberty to choose a path that is convenient and appealing to one to realize the
God. In all the above modes of worship, the spirit of Bhaja is visible. With this
bhava, the devotee has to worship the Govinda, who is the knower of each atom
of this universe. He is the very essence of all animate and inanimate beings in
this universe. So, Govinda is the Atman, Govinda is the Brahman, Govinda is the
Highest Reality and the very Essence of this Universe. Each devotee should seek
one's identity with that Spirit, Force, Reality, Truth and Supreme Braman or
God, instead of wasting one's time in materialistic pursuits of secular knowledge
for worldly possessions, name and fame.
Moodha Jaheehi Dhanaagamatrishnaam
Kuru Sadbuddhim Manasi Vitrishnaam Yallabhase
Nijakarmopaattam Vittam Tena Vinodaya Chittam ... Bhaja Govindam
..
Meaning: Moodha - O fool, Jaheehi - give up, Dhanaagamatrishnaam - the
thirst to possess wealth, Kuru - create, Sadbuddhim - thoughts of Reality,
Manasi - in (your) mind, Vitrishnaam - devoid of passion, Yat - with whatever,
Labhate - you get as a reward of your past actions (Yallabhase), Nijakarma - by
your actions, Upaattam - obtained (Nijakarmopaattam), Vittam - the wealth,
Tena - with that, Vinodaya - entertain, Chittam - your mind.
मूढ= Oh fool!;जहीहि= jahi+iha, leave/give up+here(in this world);धन=
wealth;अगम= coming/arrival;
तष्ृ णां= thirst/desire;कुरु= Do;act;सद्बद्धि
ु = ं sat.h+buddhiM,
good+awareness(loosely speaking:mind);
मनसि= in the mind;वितष्ृ णां= desirelessness;
यल्लभसे= yat.h+labhase, whatever+(you)obtain;
निजकर्म= nija+karma, one's+duty(normal work);
उपात्त= obtained;वित्तं= wealth;तेन= by that; with that;
विनोदय= divert/recreate(be happy);चित्तं= mind;
Substance:
O Fool, give up your (insatiable) thirst or desire to possess or amass wealth and
earthly objects, devote and develop your mind to thoughts of serenity,
contentment and Reality, be happy and satisfied with whatever you get as a
reward of your past actions and entertain your mind with such noble thoughts.
Substance:
Do not fall prey to maddening delusion and get enticed at the sight of the
physical glamour of women having full bosom of young maidens and their naval,
as these are nothing but a modification of flesh and fat. Do not fail to remember
this truth and think repeatedly in your mind.
Commentary: In this Sloka, Sri Adi Sankaracharya strikes at the evil of lust,
which is the most intractable of all. Sri Sankaracharya exhorts both men and
women to resist the temptation of getting into the passions for the opposite
gender. Our elders always warned us to keep away from two important things if
we wish to grow steadily in the path of spirituality. They are Kaantha or Kaminee
and Kaanchana, i.e., women and wealth. These are forbidden things, as they are
the most attractive things of lust in the world. Having carried away by the
external appearance of beauty of the body, some people argue that beauty is to
enjoy, at least by looking at them, whether it is a beautiful woman or a
handsome man. This argument does not have any weight because it is self-
deception. Looking at things will not produce satisfaction, it only breeds more
desire. Attraction towards opposite *** is natural, but the ultimate destination of
this attraction is sorrow, as this attraction and the enjoyment one gets out of it
is temporary and transitory. The allurement towards woman's physical beauty or
the physical fitness or bodybuilding of man will fade away with the passage of
time. They become old and they will not be any more attractive. This biologically
natural urge for opposite *** is to be controlled, disciplined, purified, sublimated
and, slowly eliminated. Unlike animals, intelligent human beings should not act
according to instincts and impulses, but by rational analysis, curb and control
the flow of passions and divert them for nobler and divine activities. Of course, it
is difficult to practice initially, as it is against the very nature of body-desires.
Precisely for this reason, one has to over-grow from the sense-objects and body-
related desires. Realizing this truth, if one proceeds in one's Sadhana, divine
unfoldment within takes place. Sri Sankarcharya pleads by prescribing an
efficient antidote for this evil. He suggests that if one analyses and perceives
mentally the reality, the body is composed of only abhorrent flesh and fat,
packed in a bag of skin, having nine holes. If one keeps on analyzing on these
lines, the spiritual mind shall retreat from the disgusting ugliness of this body
immediately. This is the only easy and best way to educate our mind so that we
will not run after the perishable and filth-filled body, but dedicate ourselves for
the nobler cause to attain the Lotus Feet of Lord. We might have passed through
several lives and lived through two passions of thirst for wealth and instinctive
hunger for flesh of women or men. Now, we have attained this manava janma
due to some punya karmas in our earlier births. It is time now to achieve
required balance of mind and to maintain it all through our lives. We need to
practice again and again (vaaram vaaram) to acquire this art and ultimately
firmly establish in it, because Mother Maya is always ready to strike at us with
Her attractions of world of objects spread around us. We should opt for Shreyas
rather than Preyas, by effectively using our discriminatory power.
Nalineedalagata Jalamatitaralam
Tadvajjeevitamatisaya Chapalam Viddhi
Vyaadhyabhimaanagrastam Lokam Sokahatam Cha Samastam Bhaja
Govindam, Bhaja Govindam
Substance:
The water drop on the lotus-leaf is very unsteady and has extremely uncertain
existence, so also is life. Understand that the world is equally unstable and it will
be swallowed by disease and conceit. Life is ultimately nothing but worry, misery
and grief.
Commentary: After giving a stern warning in the first three Slokas against the
arrogance of knowledge, the lure of wealth and the lust for ***, Sri
Sankaracharya speaks of the nature of life in this sloka. It is a natural
phenomenon in the world with all the intelligent creatures that they wish to
possess more and more to enjoy, thinking that one gets relieved form the sense
of insecurity by having wealth. Even the richest man in the world is not really
happy with his earnings, as his wants are more. The imaginary mansions one
builds around oneself with money or wealth will not stand to protect one when
the death knocks at the door. The more the number of possessions, the more
one has to feel insecure and fear, as one day one may lose them, if not at the
time of death, but at least when one is not careful and cautious in one's
dealings.
Yaavadvittopaarjana saktah
Taavannijaparivaaro Raktah Paschaajeevati Jarjjaradehe Vaartaam Kopi
Na Prichchati Gehe
Bhaja Govindam, Bhaja Govindam
Substance:
As long as one is fit and able to earn and support one's family, all the kith and
kin and dependents attached are affectionate to him, no sooner one becomes old
and infirm and one's earnings cease, no one cares to enquire of his well-being
even in one's own home.
Substance:
As long as there is life in one's body, people enquire kindly about one's welfare
and show concern, but when the soul departs from the body, even one's own
wife runs away in fear of the same body (corpse).
Substance: The childhood is lost in sport and play. Youth flies off in pursuits of
passion. Old age passes away on thinking over many past things and in worry
about the security and future of one's wife and children (pang). And there is
hardly any time left for contemplation on God, as at no stage one is lost in the
thoughts of Parabrahman.
Meaning: Kaa - who is, Te - your, Kaantaa - wife, Kah - who is, Te - your,
Putrah - son, Samsaarah Ayah - this Samsaara, Ateeva - supremely, Vichitrah -
(indeed) wonderful, Kasya - of whom, Tvam - are you, Kah (Tvam) - who are
you, Kutah - from where, Aayaatah - have come, Tattvam - of that Truth,
Chintaya - think, Tad Iha - that here alone, Bhraatah - O Brother.
काते= kA+te, who+your;कान्ता= wife;कस्ते= kaH+te, who+your;पुत्रः= son;संसारः=
world/family;अयं= this;
अतीव= great/big/very much;
विचित्रः= wonderful/mysterious;कस्य= whose;त्वं= you;
कः= who;कुतः= from where;आयातः= have come;
तत्त्वं= truth/nature;चिन्तय= think well/consider;
तदिह= tat.h+iha, that+here;भ्रातः= brother;
Substance:
Who is your wife? Who is your son? Very strange is this family bond or
samsaara. Of whom are you? From where have you come? O Brother, ponder
over that Truth here.
Substance:
The company of the good weans one away from false attachments; from non-
attachment comes freedom from delusion, when the delusion ends, the mind
becomes unwavering and steady and from an unwavering and steady mind
comes Jeevan Mukti (liberation even in this life).
Commentary: It is very clear from what has been said so far that to live in
attachment is, certainly, an ill rewarding program of existence. To waste one's
life in lust and in passion of one's flesh is definitely dissipating oneself in all
faculties. One has to withdraw from all such activities and spend the energy so
conserved in seeking and serving God. The best, easiest and the only way for
such a conduct is to associate oneself with good and enlightened men, which
provides occasion for one to practice withdrawal from desire and attachment. As
desires and attachments become less and less, the delusion diminishes and
calmness and equanimity descend upon oneself. As we have understood from
the earlier commentary, desire and delusion wrap the mind and cloud the
perception, obstructing the power to discriminate between the good and the bad,
between the lofty and the low and between shreyas and preyas. Desire and
attachment are the cause of delusion and delusion leads to confusion. As the
mind ceases to agitate, internal purity ensues. At this stage, one reaches the
state of equilibrium and enjoys divine peace. It is a step-by-step struggle like
the elements of good slowly occupies the place vacated by the elements of bad
and evil thoughts, as one occupies oneself in Satsangat. So, one must always
cherish the company of the devotees of God to attain salvation at the end. At
the same time, one should not indulge in criticism of others, who do not believe
in God or who are not devotees, as despise them would be arrogance. One day
they also change the path and they must also receive the grace of God. The
hearts of those devotees should melt for the welfare of those who do not believe
in God. We must grieve for those who are not blessed with devotion. If a person,
who is not genuinely distressed at the sufferings and pain of others, is not a
godly person at all. Of course, it is very difficult for a beginner, to understand,
appreciate and put into practice such noble intentions. Sri Adi Sankaracharya,
having understood this practical difficulty of the beginners in devotion, has given
a ladder-of-progress; by carefully climbing which, a seeker can comfortably
reach the pinnacle of perfection. In spite of all this discussion, the fact remains
that we are living in the midst of tremendous temptations of life, whether it is
amassing wealth or running after women or artificial life or pretentious postures,
etc. The objects of fascination are so numerous and their enchantments are so
powerful that it is too difficult to resist and fight against. It is, therefore, advised
by Sri Adi Sankaracharya to keep company of good people or look always for
Satsangat. Only with good thoughts from within one cannot keep on fighting
against the predating bad habits of this life and prarabdha of earlier lives. One
has to fight against the hordes of temptations every day, at the same time, and
for that one has to look for association with the good people. Such a company
will infuse sufficient power so as to erect a strong fortress around oneself against
the magic of the world outside. As one progresses in this path, one discovers in
oneself the rays of light of detachment, i.e., Nissangatvam. When all the false
values are removed from their roots with one pointed sadhana, the mind
mellows down its tricks of enticing with the worldly objects and slowly starts
listening to the inner voice. The mind starts seeing the things in their right
perspective. When such an understanding firmly establishes in oneself, the
individual inches towards God or Realization. This is how a sadhaka reaches his
origin or his roots by following the prescribed step-by-step progress in sadhana,
i.e., Satsangatvam, Nissangatvam, Nirmohatvam, Nischalatattvam and
Jeevanmukti
Meaning: Vayasi gate - when the age (youthfulness) has passed, Kah - where
is, Kaamavikaarah - lust and its play, Sushke Neere - when water is evaporated
(dried up), Kah - where is, Kaasaarah - the lake, Ksheene vitte - when the
wealth is reduced, Kah - where is, Parivaarah - the retinue, Gyaate tattve -
when the Truth is realised, Kah - where is, Samsaarah - the Samsaara.
कः= who/what use( in the sense of kva?(where));
कामविकारः= sensual/sexual attraction;
शुष्के= in the drying up of;नीरे = water;
क= what( use) is the;कासारः= lake;
क्षीणे= spent-up/weakened state of;वित्ते= wealth;
कः= what( use) for;परिवारः= family(is there?);
ज्ञाते= in the realised state;तत्त्वे= truth;
कः= what (use) is;संसारः= world/family bond;
Substance:
When youth is gone, where is the lust and its play? When water is evaporated,
where is the lake? When the wealth is reduced, where are the relatives? When
Truth is realized, where is the (snare of) Samsaara.
Commentary: Without any doubt, the only unfailing remedy for the sorrows of
life in this Samsaara is knowledge of the self. Any kind of sorrow of life will cease
on its own accord upon the dawn of the knowledge of the self. One is afflicted by
sorrows so long as there is delusion in the mind. The only true path available for
a sadhaka to remove delusion is wisdom. Good conduct, character and devotion
are necessary to secure wisdom. By mere bookish knowledge one does not get
wisdom. (The writer of this commentary is the best and readily available
example of this fact.) There is a lot of difference between bookish learning and
knowledge of the self. By drawing three beautiful analogies, Sri Adi
Sankaracharya brings home the point to explain how it is possible. The lust and
its play will bind one in maddening passion so long as one is in youthfulness with
hard muscles, tight skin, stormy blood and one is young and hearty. When the
old age knocks the door, all acts of lust will just vanish on their own accord. As
long as one is in the grip of desires, whether one is young or old, one strives to
fulfil them. But, when once these desires are dried up, one is freed from all
problems. When the water dries up, the lake loses not only its form and
existence but also its meaning and utility. So is with our emotions and desires.
Once the dawn of life sets in, the passion and lust lose their grip on our body;
thereby one is liberated from the pangs of all worldly problems. When wealth is
reduced and one becomes poor, all the relations disappear into nowhere. One
will enjoy name and fame as long as one is rich. Once one loses one's wealth,
even one's own family members may not turn back to help. After giving the
above three analogies, Sri Adi Sankaracharys asks the sadhaka that when the
Truth is realized, where is the Samsara? Even the most persistent sorrows will
be cured by the true knowledge of the self, as with the dawn of wisdom, man's
native powers will assert themselves. One cannot seek true fulfilment in life by
striving to acquire and possess the outer world. The misconceptions must end
and one should know the Reality, as only Truth will eliminate the false ego and
its meaningless achievements.
Maa Kuru Dhanajanayauvanagarvam
Harati Nimeshaatkaalah Sarvam Maayaamayamidamakhilam
Hitvaa Brahmapadam Tvam Pravisa Viditvaa
Bhaja Govindam, Bhaja Govindam...
Substance:
The pleasures of worldly life, such as wealth, friends and youth, are deceptive
appearances. Do not boast of them. Understand that each one of these is
destroyed within a minute by time. Be detached and dispassionate from the
illusion of the world of Maya, cultivate renunciation, and realize the state of
Brahman.
Substance:
Day and night, dawn and dusk, winter and spring come and depart again and
again. Time thus frolics, plays, and life ebbs away. Yet, one does not give up the
storm of desires.
Substance:
O Distracted one! why worry about wife, wealth, etc. Is there no one to guide
you? Know that in the three worlds, only the association with good people alone
can save you as a boat to cross the ocean of life (birth and death).
Jatilah - one ascetic with matter locks, Mundee - one with shaven head,
Lunchhitakesah - one with hairs pulled out one by one, Kaashaaayaambara
bahukritaveshah - one parading with ochre robes, Pasyan api cha - seeing, Na -
never, Pasyati - sees, Moodhah - a fool, Hi - indeed, Udara nimittam - for belly's
sake, Bahukritaveshah - these different disguises or apparels.
Substance: An ascetic with matted locks, a person with shaven head, one more
with hair pulled or plucked out and another parading with ochre or any other
colour robes, all these are for a livelihood. They all have eyes but yet do not see.
All these are indeed disguises and deceptions for the sake of filling one's
stomach.
Commentary: Renunciation does not lie in external appearance but in inward
thought, feeling and attitude. One has to renounce everything Manasa, Vacha
and Karmana. Surrender does not mean barter system. It has to be total. As the
head and body bows before the deity, the manas and the vachanam should also
portray the same attitude and this attitude should continue to grow deeper and
deeper. Swami Vivekananda beautifully expresses this while describing His Guru,
Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa. He says that, "In the presence of my Master, I
found out that man could be perfect, even in this body. Those lips never cursed
anyone, never even criticized anyone. Those eyes were beyond the possibility of
seeing evil, that mind had lost the power of thinking evil. He saw nothing but
good. That tremendous purity, that tremendous renunciation is the secret of
spirituality". That is the pinnacle of surrender or complete surrender to God and
with such a one-pointed sadhana, nothing becomes impossible. When the
desires for materialistic pleasures burning in the heart are not weeded out, these
external forms mean nothing. They are only for show business or a kind of
propaganda about oneself. Such a person will be exposed soon. In the present-
day world, we often come across people using sanyaasa as a means for power or
influence. A person resorts to unethical methods if one wants to earn things in
an easy way. History and the present-day world stand as witness that whenever
man's desire exceeded the rightful means of possession, one becomes obsessed
with it and to fulfil it, one never hesitated to become barbarous. These persons
are dangerous to the society. With them, the whole society suffers, which
include the noble souls as well. Great personalities like Bhishma Pitamah,
Dronaacharya, Kripaacharya, etc. are typical example of this fact. Due to base
instincts such as hunger for power and wealth, there are wrong people in every
walk of life and unfortunately, in the present-day society these elements are
more visible than earlier. Their external appearance and behaviour are not what
they are actually by themselves. All these disguises are just for filling one's own
belly. Such persons may not be as dangerous in the society as they are in the
path of spirituality. Once in the line of spirituality, one may be intelligent and
knowing quite a few intrinsic facts, but when one fails to live up to these noble
expressions, it is just useless. It means, one sees but yet one fails to see and
implement the noble lessons of life. If so, what is the use of all these disguising
appearances, if not for the sake of filling one's own stomach?
Angam Galitam Palitam Mundam
Dasanaviheenam Jaatam Tundam Vriddho Yaati Griheetvaa
Dandam Tadapi Na Munchatyaasaapindam
Bhaja Govindam, Bhaja Govindam.......
Meaning: (Attributed to Hastamalaka)
Angam - the body, Galitam - (has been) worn out, Palitam - has turned gray,
Mundam - the hair (the head), Dasanaviheenam - toothless, Jaatam - has
become, Tundam - mouth, Vriddhah - the old man, Yaati - moves (goes) about,
Griheetvaa - having taken (leaning on), Dandam - (his) staff, Tadapi - even
then, Na - never, Munchaty - leaves, Aasaapindam - the bundle of desires.
Substance:
The body has become worn out. The head has become bald or turned grey. The
mouth has become toothless. The old man moves about with the support of
crutches. Even then, the attachment is so strong that he clings firmly to the
bundle of (fruitless) desires.
Meaning: (Attributed to Subhoda)
Agre - in front, Vahnih - the fire, Prishthe - at the back, Bhaanuh - the sun,
Raatrau - at night, Chubuka samarpit jaanuh - with (his) knees held to (his) chin
(he sits), Karatala bhikshah - alms in (his own) scopped palm (he receives),
Tarutalavaasah - under the shelter of the tree (he lives), Tadapi - and yet, Na -
never, Munchati - spares (leaves), Aasaapaasah - noose of desires.
Substance:
In front the fire, at the back the sun, at night he curls up the body, he receives
alms in his own scooped palm and lives under the shelter of some tree, and yet
he is a puppet at the hands of passions and desires.
Kurute Gangasaagaragamanam
Vrataparipaalanamathavaa Daanam Gyaanaviheenah
Sarvamatena Bhajati Na Muktim Janmasatena Bhaja Govindam, Bhaja
Govindam...
Substance: One may bath in the holy Ganges, at the confluence of Ganga and
ocean, or observe vows and performs many charities, yet devoid of jnana.
Unless one has the glimpse of Truth or God, one will not gain mukti or realize
from the birth-and-death cycle even in hundred lives, according to all schools of
thought.
Commentary: Unless one has not attained Jnana, one cannot get rid of the
great delusion. A person may go in pilgrimage to holy places, bathe in the holy
Ganges or even at the meeting point of Ganga with the ocean or distribute gifts
in charity, but only after realizing what is Truth or having a glimpse of God, that
one is relieved from the vicious cycle of birth-death-birth. The knowledge
acquired from book-learning does not mean anything (as I am doing now), but
the same knowledge born out of knowing the Truth will emancipate one from the
hold of birth and death. Once it is achieved, the mind will become free from all
attachments. One may be well read, have good command over many languages,
adept in making discourses, yet if the same person is a victim of delusion and
attachment, then it does not mean that one has acquired Jnana. All the above
actions are wonderful exercises for developing healthy habits and attitudes to life
and these may help one on to the path of study and contemplation, but without
knowledge of the Infinite Reality, liberation from sense objects will not be
achieved. Generous and positive actions may give some gainful results, but not
liberation from birth even in hundred years. It is true from any school of thought
that one wishes to refer. Even these positive actions, one has to perform with
faith, dedication, devotion and sincerity. Pilgrimages, vows, charities, etc., are
all exercises to prepare the seeker's mind for the great path of meditation and
through meditation, until the Highest is actually apprehended, total freedom
from the natural human weaknesses can never be gained, not even in hundred
lives.
Suramandiratarumoolanivaasah
Sayyaa Bhootalamajinam Vaasah Sarvaparigraha Bhogatyaagah Kasya
Sukham Na Karoti Viraagah Bhaja Govinda, Bhaja Govindam....
Meaning: (Attributed to Nityananda)
Sura mandir taru moola nivaasah - dwelling (sheltering) in temples, under some
trees, Sayyaa - bed (sleeping), Bhootalam - on the naked ground, Ajinam -
(wearing)) sking (deer's) Vaasah - cloth, Sarva parigrahah - of the possession,
Bhogah - of thirst to enjoy, Tyaagah - renouncing, Kasya - whose, Sukham -
happiness, Na - not, Karoti - brings, Viraagah - dispassion.
Substance:
No one can disturb the peace of mind and vairaagya, if one is willingly taking
shelter in some temples, under some trees, sleeping on the naked ground,
wearing a deer skin, and thus renouncing all idea of possession and thirst to
enjoy.
Meaning: (Attributed to Anandagiri)
Yogaratah - (let) one who revels in Yoga, Vaa - or, Bhogaratah - (let) one who
revels in Bhoga, Vaa - or, Sangaratah - (let) one seek enjoyment in company,
Vaa - or, Sangaviheenah - (let) one who revels in solitude away from the crowd,
Yasya - for whom, Brahmani - in Brahman, Ramate - revels (sports), Chittam -
the mind, Nandati - (he) enjoys, Nandati - (he) enjoys, Nandatyeva - only he
enjoys.
Substance:
One may take delight or revel in Yoga or bhoga, may have attachment or
detachment or in other words, let one seek enjoyment in company or in solitude,
but only he, whose mind revels in the bliss of Brahman, will enjoy and verily he
alone enjoys.
Bhagavadgeetaa Kinchidadheetaa
Gangaajalalavakanikaa Peetaa Sakridapi Yena
Muraarisamarchaa Kriyate Tasya Yamena Na Charchaa Bhaja Govindam,
Bhaja Govindam..
Meaning: (Attributed to Dhridhabhakta)
Bhagavat Gita - The Bhagavad Geeta, Kinchid - (even) a little, Adheetaa - has
studied, Gangaajalalavakanikaa - a drop of Ganga water, Peetaa - has sipped,
Sakrit api - at least once, Yena - by whom, Muraarisamarchaa - worship of the
Lord Murari (Murasta ari - the enemy of Mura, a Raakshasa), Kriyate - is done,
Tasya - to him, Yamena - with Yama, the Lord of Death, Na - never, Charchaa -
quarrel (discussion).
Substance:
Even a little study and understanding of Srimad Bhagavad Gita, or sipping of
even a drop of the waters of holy Ganges or even a little worship of Murari will
surely save one from confrontation with Yama, the Lord of Death.
Meaning: (Attributed to nityanaatha)
Punarapi - Again and Again, Jananam - birth, punarapi - again and again,
maranam - death, punarapi - again and again, janani - mother, jatare - in the
womb, sayanam - sleep, Iha - in this, samsare - world, bahudustare - with great
difficulty, krupayapare- out of boundless compassion, Pahi - protect, Murare -
Oh Muraa's Enemy (Krishnaa).
पन
ु रपि= punaH+api, again again;जननं= birth;पन
ु रपि= again
again;मरणं= death;पन
ु रपि= again again;
जननी= mother;जठरे = in the stomach;शयनं= sleep;
इह= in this world/here;संसारे = family/world;
बहुदस्
ु तारे = fordable with great difficulty;
कृपयाऽपारे = out of boundless compassion;
पाहि= protect;मुरारे = Oh Muraa's enemy!(KrishhNa);
Meaning: (Attributed to nityanaatha)
Substance: He who wears a dress made of rags that lie about in the streets, he
who walks in the path that is beyond merit and demerit, the yogin whose mind is
given up to yoga revels (in Brahman) just as a child or as a mad-man.
Commentary: Humans have likes(raaga) and dislikes (dwesha). The one who
has balance of mind, who looks equally both the likes and dislikes is definetly
bound to realise the brahman. They doesnt have the body feeling, rather get
realised that they are the atman(brahman), such a person is never bound by the
worldly possessions and always delights in the brahman.
Meaning: (Attributed to surendra)
Kah - Who(are), tvam - you, kah - who(am), aham - I, kutam - whence, aayat -
has come, kaa - who, may - my, janani - mother, kah - who, may - my, taatah-
father, ithi-thus,paribhavaya-deem well/visualise, sarvam-the entire, asaram-
worthless/without essence, viswam-universe,tyaktva-having
abandoned/sacrificed, swapnam-dream,vicharam-consideration/thinking.
कः= who (are);त्वं= you;कः= who(am);अहं = I;
कुतः= whence;आयातः= has come;का= who;मे= my;
जननी= mother;कः= who;मे= my;तातः= father;इति= thus;
परिभावय= deem well/visualise;सर्वं= the entire;
असारं = worthless/without essence;विश्वं= universe;
त्यक्त्वा= having abandoned/sacrificed;स्वप्न= dream;
विचारं = consideration/thinking;
Commentary: There are different ways in realising brahman or the self or the
atma such as bhakti, yoga, gnana. One can select the path which one likes or is
comfortable with in reaching the destination of self-realisation. Here sri sankara
is suggesting an easy path of self-questioning thereby realising that all that we
see, all that we feel are ours, the worldly possessions, the relations and
everything are nothing but delusions. One has to identify all the delusions and
ignore them as a dream, then what is left is nothing but the self, the everlasting
truth.
Meaning: (Attributed to medhaatithira)
Twayi- in yourself, mayi - in myself, chanyatraiko - and in any other place only
one, vishnu - the lord mahavishnu, vyardha - in vain, kupyasi - you get angry,
mayia sahishnuh - in me intolerant .
त्वयि= in yourself;मयि= in myself;चान्यत्रैक= cha+anyatra+ekaH,
and+in any other place+only one;
विष्णःु = the Lord MahaavishhNu;व्यर्थ= in vain ; for
nothing;purposeless;कुप्यसि= you get angry;
मय्यसहिष्ण=
ु mayi+asahishhNuH, in me+intolerant;
भव= become;समचित्तः= equal-minded/equanimity;
सर्वत्र= everywhere;त्वं= you;वाञ्छसि= you desire;
अचिराद्= without delay/in no time;यदि= if;
विष्णुत्वं= the quality/state of Brahman/god-realisation;
Substance: In you, in me, and elsewhere too, there is but one Vishnu (God).
Vainly do you get angry with me, being impatient. See the Self in all things, and
leave off everywhere ignorance which is the cause of difference.
Meaning: (Attributed to medhaatithira)
Meaning: (Attributed to bhaarativamsha)
Meaning: (Attributed to sumatir)
geyam- is to be sung, geeta - bhagavat gita, naama - name of the lord,
sahasram - 1000 times, dhyeyam - is to be meditated, sripathi - lakshmi's
consort mahavishnu, rupam - form,ajasram-the unborn one,neyam-is to be
lead/taken, sajjana-good people, sange-in the company, chittam-mind, deyam-
is to be given, deenajanaya-to the poor(humble state) people,cha-and vittam-
wealth.
गेयं= is to be sung;गीता= bhagavatgItA;
नाम= name of the lord;सहस्रं= 1000 times;
ध्येयं= is to be meditated;श्रीपति= Lakshmi's consort
MahAvishhNu's;रूपं= form/image;अजस्रं= the unborn one;
नेयं= is to be lead/taken;सज्जन= good people;
सङ्गे= in the company;चित्तं= mind;दे यं= is to be given;
दीनजनाय= to the poor (humble state) people;
च= and;वित्तं= wealth;
Meaning:
geyam- is to be sung, geeta - bhagavat gita, naama - name of the lord,
sahasram - 1000 times, dhyeyam - is to be meditated, sripathi - lakshmi's
consort mahavishnu, rupam - form,ajasram-the unborn one,neyam-is to be
lead/taken, sajjana-good people, sange-in the company, chittam-mind, deyam-
is to be given, deenajanaya-to the poor(humble state) people,cha-and vittam-
wealth.
सख
ु तः= for happiness;क्रियते= is done;
रामाभोग= sexual pleasures?;पश्चाद्धन्त= later on in the end;शरीरे = in
the body;रोग= disease;यद्यपि= even though;
लोके= in the world;मरण= death;शरणं= resort/surrender;
तदपि= even then;न= not;मुञ्चति= releases/gives up;
पापाचरणं= pApa+AcharaNa, sin-practising;
Substance: He who yields to lust for pleasure leaves his body a prey to
disease. Though death brings an end to everything, man does not give-up the
sinful path.
Commentary: Man feels that happiness lies in the pleasures and always tries
to run behind to fulfill his pleasures. These kind of pleasures in the end will only
make body to be affected with diseases. The world is really a variety, everyone
knows that death is a must, but everyone feels that he is a permanent one here
and runs behind for these pleasures and in the process of fulfilling these
pleasures, one will resort to the sinful-path and never tries to give up the sinful
path in knowing the eternal truth. The eternal truth gives one bliss, which is
much much greater than the happiness what one is getting in the worldly
pleasures. Words are less to describe it, rather one has to experience it.
Meaning:
artha-wealth, anartha-purposeless/in vain/danger- productive, bhavaya-
deem/consider/visualise, nityam-daily/always, na-not, asti-is, tatah-from that,
sukhalesha-(even a little) happiness,satyam-truth,putradapi-even from the
son,dhana-wealth,bhaajam-acquiring people, bheete-fear, sarvatra-everywhere,
yesha-this,vihitah-understood, reeti-procedure/practice/custom.
अर्थं= wealth;
अनर्थं= purposeless/in vain/danger-productive;
भावय= deem/consider/visualise;
नित्यं= daily/always;न= not;अस्ति= is;ततः= from that;
सुखलेशः= (even a little) happiness;
सत्यं= Truth;पुत्रादपि= even from the the son;
धन= wealth;भाजां= acquiring people;
भीतिः= fear;सर्वत्र= everywhere;एषा= this;
विहिआ= vihitA?, understood;
रीतिः= procedure/practice/custom;
Substance: Oh devotee of the lotus feet of the Guru ! May thou be soon
free from Samsara . Through disciplined senses and controlled mind, thou shalt
come to experience the indwelling Lord of your heart !