ACTIVITY 16

L.E. PREPARATION

1.Give the principle of L.E. preparation

LE Cell Prep is a diagnostic test for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that is based on an
in vitro immunologic reaction between the patient's autoantibodies to nuclear antigens and
damaged nuclei in the testing medium.

Reference:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
v/m/pubmed/7661893&ved=2ahUKEwj5yq2TzYfpAhXKIqYKHfq2BSkQFjABegQICxAF&usg=A
OvVaw2i6NLQHecU2r_xlNzRnq9m

2. What are the different anti-nuclear antibodies? Describe

● Extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are a group of autoantigens that were originally
identified as antibody targets in people with autoimmune disorders. They are termed
ENA because they can be extracted from the cell nucleus with saline.The ENAs consist
of ribonucleoproteins and non-histone proteins, named by either the name of the donor
who provided the prototype serum (Sm, Ro, La, Jo), or the name of the disease setting
in which the antibodies were found (SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70).
● Anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies, also known as SS-A and SS-B, respectively, are
commonly found in primary Sjögren's syndrome, an autoimmune disorder that affects the
exocrine glands. The presence of both antibodies is found in 30–60% of Sjögren's
syndrome, anti-Ro antibodies alone are found in 50–70% of Sjögren's syndrome and
30% of SLE with cutaneous involvement, and anti-La antibodies are rarely found in
isolation.[10][16] Anti-La antibodies are also found in SLE; however, Sjögren's syndrome
is normally also present.
● Anti-Smith (Anti-Sm) antibodies are a very specific marker for SLE. Approximately 99%
of individuals without SLE lack anti-Sm antibodies, but only 20% of people with SLE
have the antibodies. They are associated with central nervous system involvement,
kidney disease, lung fibrosis and pericarditis in SLE, but they are not associated with
disease activity.
● Anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein (anti-nRNP) antibodies, also known as anti-U1-RNP
antibodies, are found in 30–40% of SLE. They are often found with anti-Sm antibodies,
but they may be associated with different clinical associations. In addition to SLE, these
antibodies are highly associated with mixed connective tissue disease.
● Anti-Scl-70 antibodies are linked to scleroderma.The sensitivity of the antibodies for
scleroderma is approximately 34%, but is higher for cases with diffuse cutaneous
involvement (40%), and lower for limited cutaneous involvement (10%). The specificity of
the antibodies is 98% and 99.6% in other rheumatic diseases and normal individuals,
respectively. In addition to scleroderma, these antibodies are found in approximately 5%
of individuals with SLE.The antigenic target of anti-Scl-70 antibodies is topoisomerase I.
Reference:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://labtestsonline.org/te
sts/antinuclear-antibody-ana&ved=2ahUKEwi4sZLpzYfpAhWKIqYKHfXGDJEQFjAHegQIAxAB&
usg=AOvVaw0uTiF2PHZ3nc6H-HCF63BI&cshid=1587956526433

3. Give other tests that may be used in the detection of anti-nuclear antibodies.
● ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test
An ANA test looks for antinuclear antibodies in your blood. If the test finds antinuclear
antibodies in your blood, it may mean you have an autoimmune disorder. An autoimmune
disorder causes your immune system to attack your own cells, tissues, and/or organs by
mistake. These disorders can cause serious health problems.Antibodies are proteins that your
immune system makes to fight foreign substances like viruses and bacteria. But an antinuclear
antibody attacks your own healthy cells instead. It's called "antinuclear" because it targets the
nucleus (center) of the cells.Other names: antinuclear antibody panel, fluorescent antinuclear
antibody, FANA, ANA

Reference:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://medlineplus.gov/lab-
tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/&ved=2ahUKEwjIzbn6z4fpAhXlDaYKHf6IAyEQFjABegQICh
AH&usg=AOvVaw011i8VYjDurGkyH5jcPz7u&cshid=1587956851099