Republic of the Philippines

ILOCOS SUR POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE

Main Campus, Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur

GRADUATE SCHOOL

LEARNING ACTIVITY 3

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements
of the Course MSE GE 222
Advance Educational Psychology

Presented by:

JAZREEL MAY PERALTA TAMAYO, LPT

MSE – GE

Presented to:

DR. ORLANDO D. BATARA

Advance Psychology Instructor
INTENDED LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Answer the following questions:
1. Why do you study educational psychology?
When it comes to studying psychology, many people are surprised to find out about just how many
different career options there are out there. From working in clinical facilities to schools to even large
corporations, the demand for individuals with training in psychology is constantly growing. One of the most
popular areas right now is educational psychology. Educational psychology deals with the understanding of how
our brains learn and what we can do to increase our ability to comprehend and retain knowledge.
Here are some reasons why you should consider to study educational psychology.
Educational Psychology is perfect if you take joy from helping others. This means that Educational
psychology is all about helping other people learn. To truly get the most out of this career option you have to
enjoy spending time with other people, oftentimes children or individuals with learning disabilities. If you get a
sense of self-worth from bringing joy and confidence to others and helping them improve their minds and their
lives, you should consider the educational psychology field as a career option.
In studying Educational Psychology you can also easily adapt to challenging cases and situations. Every
single situation is going to be different when working in educational psychology. While there are generalized
methods and strategies for working with your clients, every person is going to bring their own unique set of
circumstances and roadblocks. In order to be an effective educational psychologist you must be able to look
outside of the box and find unique adaptations in order to fit each scenario.
If you will study psychology, you will be good in making observations and solving problems. A lot of the
work that is done in the educational psychology field is research. This research is then used in developing new
methods of learning and conveying knowledge to others who might not benefit very much from traditional
teaching strategies. In order to be effective, you must be very observant and pay a good deal of attention to
detail. What may seem like an unimportant fact to the untrained eye may be of the upmost significance when it
comes to understanding the way someone learns. As an educational psychologist you have to be able to pay
attention to everything, note your observations for later review and then use all of these notes to reach your
objectives.
Educational Psychology also opens a number of career options. As the internet opens up the world of
learning to many people who otherwise would not have access to such a vast array of information, the demand
for experts in educational psychology continues to grow. There are a number of different jobs open to anyone
with a degree in educational psychology, although a large number of the career options will be with schools and
other learning institutions. Still, there are many opportunities open with government and private research
organizations, as well as with large companies. Big corporations often hire educational psychologists in order to
maximize the effectiveness of their employee training procedures and in turn increase the bottom line.
If you consider to study psychology, you will you’ll look for a deeper meaning or reasons behind things. In
educational psychology, you should never take your observations at face value. The human brain is a complex
organ, and often times the results and outcomes we see are due to many factors working behind the scenes.
Rather than look at someone that has a difficult time learning in a specific area and accepting it as a fact, you
need to be able to probe deeper and figure out just why they are facing a challenge and what steps can be done
to work around the obstacles that are in their way.
Educational psychology is a field that you never want to stop learning so you don’t have a choice but to
grow. We are very far from knowing everything there is to know about the human brain and how it absorbs and
retains information. While there are many career paths that give you the ability to gain all of the knowledge you
will ever need on the subject, educational psychology is not one of them. In order to be truly effective in the field,
you need to have a drive to always be learning. After all, how can you expect to develop new methods of
teaching and helping others grow their knowledge when you yourself have stopped evolving your own brain?
In educational psychology, your dream job will involve to working with children. Although there are a
number of jobs in the educational psychology field that do not involve working with children, most people who
enter into this area of psychology with be spending time with younger subjects. This can come in multiple forms
such as working directly in the capacity of a teacher or counselor, or perhaps indirectly through research and
case studies. If you take joy in working with children and helping them expand their minds in order to grow into
their full potential, then educational psychology might be the perfect career path for you to follow down.
Finally, Educational Psychology is a career path that is in demand. Not only is our access to information
and the desire for knowledge growing, but so is the number of people that want to learn. All over the world, the
population is growing at a rate that has never been seen before and what that means is that over the next couple
of decades, the educational system is going to be under even more stress. One of the best ways to ensure that
everyone receives the education that they deserve is by finding more effective ways of teaching. More people
learning and a greater desire for knowledge means that the demand for educational psychologists will likely
continue to grow well into the future.
Educational psychology boils down to one thing – helping others learn. You must be good at working with people,
have an expert eye for detail and be able to think cleverly and outside of the box. If these are qualities that you
possess, then perhaps choosing a career in the continuously growing field of educational psychology might just
be the best decision that you ever make.
 2. What are the schools of psychology? Discuss each.

When psychology first emerged as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how
to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began. The different schools of psychology represent the
major theories within psychology.
The first school of thought, structuralism, was advocated by the founder of the first psychology
lab, Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately, other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology.
In the past, psychologists often identified themselves exclusively with one single school of thought. Today, most
psychologists have an eclectic outlook on psychology. They often draw on ideas and theories from different
schools rather than holding to any singular perspective.

The following are some of the major schools of thought that have influenced our knowledge and
understanding of psychology:
 Structuralism and Functionalism: Early Schools of Thought
Structuralism is widely regarded as the first school of thought in psychology. This outlook focused on
breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Major thinkers associated with structuralism
include Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener. The focus of structuralism was on reducing mental processes
down into their most basic elements. The structuralists used techniques such as introspection to analyze the
inner processes of the human mind. Functionalism formed as a reaction to the theories of the structuralist school
of thought and was heavily influenced by the work of William James. It functioned on the mind's functions and
adaptations. Unlike some of the other well-known schools of thought in psychology, functionalism is not
associated with a single dominant theorist. Instead, there are some different functionalist thinkers associated with
this outlook including John Dewey, James Rowland Angell, and Harvey Carr. Author David Hothersall notes,
however, that some historians even question whether functionalism should be considered a formal school of
psychology at all given its lack of a central leader or formalized set of ideas. Instead of focusing on the mental
processes themselves, functionalist thinkers were instead interested in the role that these processes play.
 Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt psychology is a school of psychology based upon the idea that we experience things as unified
wholes. This approach to psychology began in Germany and Austria during the late 19th century in response to
the molecular approach of structuralism. Instead of breaking down thoughts and behavior to their smallest
elements, the gestalt psychologists believed that you must look at the whole of experience. According to the
Gestalt thinkers, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
 The Behaviorist School of Thought in Psychology
Behaviorism became a dominant school of thought during the 1950s. It was based upon the work of
thinkers such as:

 John B. Watson
 Ivan Pavlov
 B. F. Skinner
Behaviorism suggests that all behavior can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal
forces. Behaviorism is focused on observable behavior. Theories of learning including classical
conditioning and operant conditioning were the focus of a great deal of research. The behavioral school of
psychology had a significant influence on the course of psychology, and many of the ideas and techniques that
emerged from this school of thought are still widely used today. Behavioral training, token economies, aversion
therapy, and other techniques are frequently used in psychotherapy and behavior modification programs.
 The Psychoanalytic School of Thought
Psychoanalysis is a school of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud. This school of thought emphasized the
influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three
elements: the id, ego, and superego. The id consists of primal urges while the ego is the component of
personality charged with dealing with reality. The superego is the part of the personality that holds all of the ideals
and values we internalize from our parents and culture. Freud believed that the interaction of these three
elements was what led to all of the complex human behaviors. Freud's school of thought was enormously
influential, but also generated considerable debate. This controversy existed not only in his time but also in
modern discussions of Freud's theories. Other major psychoanalytic thinkers include:

 Anna Freud
 Carl Jung
 Erik Erikson

 The Humanistic School of Thought

Humanistic psychology developed as a response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Humanistic
psychology instead focused on individual free will, personal growth and the concept of self-actualization. While
early schools of thought were primarily centered on abnormal human behavior, humanistic psychology differed
considerably in its emphasis on helping people achieve and fulfill their potential. Major humanist thinkers include:

 Abraham Maslow
  Carl Rogers
Humanistic psychology remains quite popular today and has had a significant influence on other areas of
psychology including positive psychology. This particular branch of psychology is centered on helping people
living happier, more fulfilling lives.
 Cognitive School of Psychology
Cognitive psychology is the school of psychology that studies mental processes including how people
think, perceive, remember and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is
related to other disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics. Cognitive psychology began to
emerge during the 1950s, partly as a response to behaviorism. Critics of behaviorism noted that it failed to
account for how internal processes impacted behavior. This period is sometimes referred to as the "cognitive
revolution" as a wealth of research on topics such as information processing, language, memory, and perception
that began to emerge. One of the most influential theories of this school of thought was the  stages of cognitive
development theory proposed by Jean Piaget.

3. Explain the differences between a theory, a hypothesis, a law, and a principle.

In science we use the word law to mean some observed phenomenon that can be always relied on.
Something that happens the same way, every time, without fail. The law of gravity says that there is an
attractive force between two massive objects. That is so, every time we check. It doesn’t explain why. A
law is not a proof, or an explanation, just a statement of a repeatable observation that can be measured
and used as a firm basis for research.

A principle is a fundamental mechanism by which some phenomenon is observed to operate.

Evolution operates on two main principles: genetic diversity and natural selection. Animal energy
production operates on the principle of oxidation of glucose. A car engine operates on the principle of
internal combustion. A principle is again not a proof or an explanation - it’s just the straight-out description
of a process.

A theory is more interesting. A theory is an attempt at an explanation, arrived at after exhaustive

research and investigation, including critically examining all the laws and principles involved in a process.
It is not a tentative guess: that’s a hypothesis. The theory (as opposed to the law) of gravity is an
explanation of how and why objects attract. A theory is a fully formed account of how we believe
something happens. A theory is neither a law nor a proof, and it might even be wrong, but it is much more
than just an idea.

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific

hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. Scientists generally base scientific
hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific
theories.

4. List some good qualities of a model teacher. Justify your answer.

A good teacher can make a world of difference in a student's life, impacting everything from their
classroom learning to their long term success. If you're considering a career in education, it's important to
explore the qualities of a good teacher.
o Good Teachers Are Strong Communicators

When it comes to effective teaching, strong communication skills are a must. By communicating with
students at the beginning of the year about how your different subjects applies to their favorite hobbies, sports
and future careers your students were able to approach the subjects in a more enjoyable way that better
supported their learning.

o Good Teachers Listen Well

Great communication doesn't stop when the teacher is done talking. Listening well is one of the most
important skills needed to be a teacher. Effective listening skills also help a teacher better understand their
students and tailor lessons to reach them how they learn best. Teachers that are skilled in listening and
observing often pick up on what isn’t being said and may have or may help the student build their skills and
confidence levels. If an educator can truly hear a student, they can learn how to reach them wherever they are.
This will open the door for them to receive and learn the lesson that is being taught.

o Good Teachers Focus on Collaboration

Working in education means you’re never truly working alone. From paraprofessionals and teaching
assistants to other classroom teachers and school leaders, working as a teacher often means working effectively
in a group. The key to success in this kind of environment is the ability to collaborate. Collaborating well also
means you must be open to learning from other educators, both those with more experience than you or with
different backgrounds. When working with other educators, it’s important to possess qualities like communication,
understanding and empathy and also the most important quality, professionalism, as this is how many educators
will connect and learn more from one another.
 o Good Teachers Are Adaptable

Effective teachers need to be able to work in a constantly evolving environment and adjust their teaching
methods based on the age of their students, the resources available and changing curriculum, practices and
requirements. As a teacher, we would see or might experience tremendous changes in the education field
throughout our career, particularly with the rise in access to the internet, computers and other technology. As we
all know, the only thing that is certain is change. Change is a constant so we must learn how to adapt and adjust,
that’s been one of the skills that’s been most helpful in a teacher’s career. It’s about keeping my finger on the
pulse of who my students are over time and all the trends, standards and new research, and being able to
continually improve. Adaptability is also one of the key skills needed to be a teacher who may be educating
students of varying grade levels or different learning styles. You have to be able to adapt based upon your
audience.

o Good Teachers Are Engaging

Being able to engage students with humor, creative lessons and a strong classroom presence is an
important part of what makes someone a good teacher. If you were to envision that teacher that you would want
in your life, even now, you’re going to want someone who is very engaging in front of the classroom. A good
teacher will perform for their students to keep them going... It’s not about sitting back and just lecturing, it’s about
engaging in the work. In kindergarten, an engaging teacher might be one who gets down on the floor to do
activities with their students on their level. In high school, an engaging teacher may be one who thinks outside
the box, adds humor to their lessons and finds creative ways to bring learning into the real world.

o Good Teachers Show Empathy

Another key to engaging students and improving their learning is to treat each student as an individual, by
being empathetic and understanding to what may be going on in their lives. We need to take a moment to think
back and think about what could be going on in this student’s life. It’s so important to be observant, attentive,
empathetic and always have a positive attitude. Empathy and understanding from a teacher can not only help
that teacher make a connection with a student, it can directly impact a student's learning in the classroom.
Everyone learns differently, whether it be faster or slower than normal, learns better by writing, reading or hands
on. Teachers need to always keep this in mind and always pay close attention to ensure each student is on the
track they need to be.

o Good Teachers Have Patience

No matter what grade level you're teaching, your patience will be tested while working as an educator.
Whether you’re managing classroom behavior, working with colleagues with different views or communicating
student issues or progress with parents, patience is one of the most important skills to practice as a teacher.
More often than not you actually have to have more patience with the parents than you do with the students.
Parents are coming in with their perceptions of what happened to them when they were students or previous
experiences that may have been detrimental to their child... You have to be patient and understanding of them.

o Good Teachers Value Real-World Learning

Teachers who bring their students’ learning into the real world are often some of the most engaging. But
it’s important for teachers to bring their own learning into the real world, too. One of the best preparations for
effective teaching is to ensure that education students get plenty of classroom experience early on in their degree
programs. This preparation includes embedded coursework that begins in a student's freshmen year. They spend
time at a local school once a week to collaborate with teacher partners and apply their learning to the classroom.
A year-long student teaching experience is also a powerful way to ensure soon-to-be teachers have the time to
hone their teaching skills.

o Good Teachers Share Best Practices

A willingness to share knowledge and experiences with others is one of the most important qualities of a
good teacher. Education is a very hands-on field and often requires experimentation within the classroom to
discover which methods of communicating with students work best. Part of being an effective teacher is sharing
your findings and best practices with others in the field. Your willingness to share your practice, to keep an open
door, to be transparent and to be observed are an important part of your teaching.

o Good Teachers Are Lifelong Learners

One of the key skills needed to be a good teacher is a dedication to continued education and a love of learning.
Whether you’re learning more about your subject area, learning new methods of communication or even
exploring how to bring more technology into your classroom, continuing to expand your own knowledge is key to
expanding that of your students. Those dedicated to their subjects with a passion for learning make the best
teachers. They also need to have a desire to pass on that knowledge. It is also important for teachers to never
feel as though they’ve learned it all, and to remain open to new experiences. No matter your education level, you
can learn something from everyone you encounter, including fellow educators as well as students. For being
willing to continually add tools to your toolbox - even unconventional ones at times - will keep things new and
exciting, as well as giving you excellent skills.
Assessment
1. What are the evidences of the progress of adult education in the Philippines? Expand your answer.
Adult education as part of life long and life wide personal development will be promoted under the
Duterte administration. This was the statement issued by Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
Chairman J.  Prospero E. de Vera III in his plenary speech at the Education World Forum 2019 held in
London, England today. De Vera discussed the importance of Adult Education as part of the "Life long
learning and life wide learning" panel with Germany Education Minister Alexander Lorz, Mexico Secretary
of Education Esteban Barragan, and Qatar Foundation Chair Sheikha Hind Al Thani. The Education World
Forum is an annual global summit of education ministers organized to bring government leaders,
development partners and experts together to look at trends shaping education and gain valuable insights
on how these changes will affect the future. The gathering of world education leaders included UK
Secretary of State Damian Hinds, UNESCO Special Envoy on Literacy Princess Laurentien of the
Netherlands, UNESCO Assistant Director General Stefania Giannini, and ministers of education of the
Philippines, Nicaragua, Kenya, Vietnam, Chile, Pakistan, Mexico, Germany, Azerbajian, Myanmar, Ukraine,
Malaysia, Zimbabwe, El Salvador and Armenia as speakers. The more than 1,200 participants from 95
countries discussed global trends shaping education, education finance, improving access, artificial
intelligence, ending violence in schools, tracking gains on the Social Development Goals, and lifelong
learning. The Duterte administration has increased funding for higher education at levels that no
administration has ever done in the past. The Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education law has
benefitted some 1.3M students in public universities and more than 100,000 students in private
universities. Private universities like Ateneo de Davao and Miriam College are spearheading the Adult
Education initiative by offering evening and weekend classes on cooking, bread and pastry production,
food processing, excel for adults, accounting for non-accountants, how to use solar energy for your homes,
and how to invest in the stock market. Other universities are teaching farmers and market vendors literacy
and numeracy skills so they can earn a living or not be exploited by traders because they are unable to
read and write. The high economic growth rate in the past years and increased revenues from the TRAIN
law have generated revenues for higher education. It is time to expand opportunities beyond universities
into Adult Education so Filipinos will be able to re-skill, up-skill, or cross skill. CHED sent officials from 30
universities to Canada last year to understand Adult Education programs and develop links with their
counterparts. The 30 universities recently met with CHED in Davao City to discuss the Roadmap for Adult
Education that will be implemented starting this year.

2. What are some roles of the teacher in educational psychology?

Today in modern era, education psychology is the foundation of education. Psychology effect
education in every field of teaching learning process. For years, teacher educators have written about the
purposes, aims, and goals of educational psychology and have stressed the relevance of the field for the
practice of teaching and learning. However, educational psychologists seem to be having more and more
trouble explaining to educators what they do and why educators should care. The relevance of educational
psychology in teacher education programs, noting how educational psychology contributes to the
preparation of teachers. It is very essential for a teacher to teach his students according to their mental
abilities. Educational psychology helps the teacher in doing so. It enables the teacher to teach where and
how. The way in which teachers are educated and supported to meet the challenges of the 21st century.

3. Formulate problems which belong to the field of specialization of educational psychology.

One of the problems I searched was “How to Undo Dyslexia through the use of Video Games.
How much does the time of day when new information is introduced influence whether a person
retains that information?
What does culture have to do with how we process new ideas?
How does age affect our ability to develop new skills, like language?
How is in-person learning different from remote learning using technology?
How does the choice of a media platform make a difference in learning? 

4. What are the gains expected from the study of educational psychology as a teacher?
Educational psychology's contribution to teachers' professional development is delineated
through the constructs of teachers' prior beliefs about teaching, reflective practice and self‐
efficacy, while its contribution to the improvement of teacher–pupil interaction is viewed through
the lenses of instruction theories, social and emotional learning, special educational needs and
classroom management. It is argued that through a productive dialectic dialogue between
educational psychology and education, educational psychology provides the knowledge defined
by its field to be utilized by teachers, whereas at the same time, teachers gain a wider
reconceptualization of their practice.
Assignment
Research on recent experiments conducted by Filipino psychologists regarding nature of
educational psychology in the Philippines.
 In the Philippines, the ability to read and write is a priority, so any effort to promote literacy by the
government, organizations, or even private individuals is celebrated. “It is through literacy that one is empowered
to interact in his community and realizes his worth, what he can do and eventually make him do things that
contribute in sustainable development of his society,” said Department of Education’s (DepEd) Literacy
Coordinating Council OIC Dina Ocampo in a speech during the 2014 National Literacy Conference and Awards.
That “community” progressively expanded, based on the country’s literacy data collected through the national
census. Results from the National Statistics Office’s 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) show that
97.5% of the 71.5 million individuals who are 10 years old and older were literate or could read and write—an
increase from the 2000 CPH record of 92.3%. Prior to World War I, the literacy rate in the Philippines was at a
dismal 20%. But it was one of the countries that experienced rapid school expansion in the late 1930s, according
to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) 2006 Education for All Global
Monitoring Report, and, as a result, literacy rates rose to the middle range during the 1950s (35%–75%).
UNESCO has said literacy transitions are linked to educational expansion. The same findings echoed the
observations of Dr. Michael Alba, a research fellow and professor at De La Salle University-Manila. In his journal
article, “Estimating Literacy Rate: A Study Relating Literacy Rate With Combined Gross Elementary and
Secondary Schools Enrollment Rate,” he attributes the growth of literacy rates in the Philippines to the
formalization of the education system there and its success in achieving its basic objective: to prioritize literacy
skills for students.

SUBMITTED TO:

DR. ORLANDO D. BATARA

Advance Psychology Instructor