BAHASA INGGRIS 1

TATA BAHASA 1

RELATIVE CLAUSE

Dr. Ni Luh Putu Setiarini, S.S., M.Hum.

Dr. Erni Hastuti, S.S., M.Hum.
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT IN AN AUTHENTIC TEXT?

1. The room is cozy.

2. I have no idea.
3. I have just finished reading a
novel.
4. The door is locked.
5. I made an appointment.
 IN AUTHENTIC TEXT, CLAUSES ARE NOT ALWAYS
AS SIMPLE AS WE THINK

1. In this study, the text which is

examined is also written in English.
2. Common nouns can also be
reduplicated, which often (but not
always) indicates plural meaning.
 IN AUTHENTIC TEXT, CLAUSES ARE NEVER AS
SIMPLE AS WE THINK

3. Every mango tree whose branches

are eaten by termites will be cut
down.
4. Cultural adaptations which could be
construed as an attempt to adapt to
the target culture are very limited in
the target text.
 COMPLEX CLAUSES

 CLAUSES?
are a group of words
containing a subject and a verb
which form a sentence.
 Complex clauses are indicated by
subordinate clause.
 WHAT IS ADJECTIVE CLAUSE?

 It is a subordinate clause.
 It provides descriptive information
about a noun or a noun phrase.
WHAT IS ADJECTIVE CLAUSE?
 It starts that
who
with a
whom
relative whose
pronoun why
when
where
TWO KINDS OF ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
1. RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE
IDENTIFYING RELATIVE CLAUSE
2. NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE
NON-IDENTIFYING RELATIVE CLAUSE
WHAT IS RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSE?

The information it presents

is essential to the meaning of
the sentence.
WHAT IS NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE?

It gives extra information that

is
not essential.
 EXAMPLE:
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE 1/6

I like the
book.
You recommended the
book.
You recommended which
which you recommended
I like the book which you
recommended.
 EXAMPLE:
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE 2/6

The book was interesting.

You recommended the
book.
The book which you recommended
was interesting.
 EXAMPLE:
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE 3/6

The glass contains milk.

She put the glass on the table.

The glass that/ which she put on the

table contains milk.
 EXAMPLE:
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE 4/6

The man is my dentist.

The man called you.
The man who called you is my
dentist.
restrictive clause/ defining relative
clause? who called
you
 EXAMPLE:
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE 5/6

The dentist is my uncle.

He treated me.

The dentist who treated me is my

uncle.
 EXAMPLE:
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES 6/6

A friend is someone.
We value and appreciate his/her
advice.
We value and appreciate whose advice.
Whose advice we value and
Aappreciate.
friend is someone whose advice we
value and appreciate.
 EXAMPLE:
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES USING ‘WHEN’

‘When’ a day when …

for time a time when …
period the season when
I remember the day… when I finally
understood adjective clauses.
 EXAMPLE:
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES USING ‘WHY’

‘why’ a reason why…

for reasons the reason
why…
Can you give me one reason why you
cannot come?
 EXAMPLE:
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES USING ‘WHERE’

‘where’ a place where…

for places a point where…
the room where …
Everyone needs a place where they can
relax. in
Apakah semua where bisawhich
diganti dengan in
which?
 EXAMPLE:
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES USING ‘WHERE’

Everyone needs a place where they can

relax.
They can relax
there.
Bali is an island that attracts visitors.
attracts visitors
there?
 EXAMPLE: NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE 1/5

My uncle is a dentist.
He plays at the same soccer club as
you.
My uncle is a dentist, who plays at
the same soccer club as you.
My uncle is a dentist, that plays at the same
soccer club as you.
EXAMPLE: NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE 2/5

We visited Hyde Park, which is close

to Buckingham Palace.
Hyde Park, which is close to
Buckingham Palace, is closed today.
Hyde Park, that is close to Buckingham
Palace, is closed today.
 EXAMPLE: NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE 3/5

Mrs. Clara has invited me to a party.

She works with me.

Mrs. Clara, who works with me,

invited me to a party.
EXAMPLE: NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE 4/5

Mrs. Clara has invited me to a party.

I like her.
Mrs. Clara, who/whom I like, has
invited me to a party.
EXAMPLE: NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE 5/5

He gave me a cake.
The cake was on a white plate.
He gave me a cake, which was on a
white plate.
 OMITTING THE RELATIVE PRONOUN AND THE HELPING
VERBS

1. a. The books that were borrowed from class must be

returned.
1. b. The books borrowed from class must be returned.
2. a. The girl who is leading the parade is my best
friend.
2. B. The girl leading the parade is my best friend.
 OMITTING THE RELATIVE PRONOUN

3. a. Something that smells bad may be rotten.

3. b. Something smelling bad may be rotten.

 RELATIVE PRONOUN PRECEDED BY A PREPOSITION
1/3

1. a. A friend is someone.
1. b. We can freely share our laughter and tears with our friend.

1. c. We can freely share our laughter and tears with whom.

1. d. With whom we can freely share our laughter and tears.
1. e. A friend is someone with whom we can freely share our
laughter and tears. FORMAL
 RELATIVE PRONOUN PRECEDED BY A PREPOSITION
2/3

2. a. A friend is someone.
2. b. We can freely share our laughter and tears with our friend.

2. c. We can freely share our laughter and tears with whom.

2. d. Whom we can freely share our laughter and tears with.
2. e. A friend is someone whom we can freely share our laughter
and tears with.
a little formal
 RELATIVE PRONOUN PRECEDED BY A PREPOSITION
3/3

3. A friend is someone who we can freely share our laughter

and tears with.
4. A friend is someone that we can freely share our laughter
and tears with.
5. A friend is someone we can freely share our laughter and
tears with.
less formal
 WHICH OF RELATIVE PRONOUN CAN BE OMITTED?

1. I have a friend that I’ve known since high school. less formal

2. She was always someone that listened well.

3. She went to Universitas Gunadarma, which is right in our
hometown.
4. I’ve told her secrets which no one else knows. less formal
they function as object identifying clauses
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DEFINING AND
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES?

DEFINING
NON-DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSE
RELATIVE CLAUSE
 NO COMMAS  WITH COMMAS
The dentist My uncle is a
who treated dentist, who
me is my plays at the
uncle. same soccer
club as you.
 DEFINING NON-DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE

1. The man who lives 2. My brother Sony, who lives in

next door is a doctor. Bandung, is a doctor.
3. Sally works for a 4. Sally told me about his new
company which job, which he is enjoying
makes computers. very much.
 DEFINING NON-DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE

1. We met some people 2. Sam, whose car had broken

whose car has broken down, was in a bad mood.
down.
3. What is the name of 4. Jane has just been to
the place where you Medan, where her Dad
went on holiday? lives.
 DEFINING NON-DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE

1. I remember the day 2. This picture was taken

when I met you. yesterday, when it was
raining.
3. I remember the day 4. Jane has just been to
I met you. Medan, where her Dad
lives.
 DEFINING NON-DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE

1. This is Gary whom 2. This morning I met Charles,

you met last year. whom I hadn’t seem for
ages.
3. What is the name
4. Jane has just been to
of the place where
Medan, where her Dad
you went on
lives.
holiday?
IN AUTHENTIC TEXT, CLAUSES ARE NOT ALWAYS
AS SIMPLE AS WE THINK

 In this study, the text which is

examined is also written in English.

 Common nouns can also be

reduplicated, which often (but not
always) indicates plural meaning.
 IN AUTHENTIC TEXT, CLAUSES ARE NEVER AS
SIMPLE AS WE THINK

 Every mango tree whose branches

are eaten by termites will be cut
down.
 Cultural adaptations which could be
construed as an attempt to adapt to
the target culture are very limited in
the target text.
 DEFINING NON-DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE

1. I remember the day 2. This picture was taken

when I met you. yesterday, when it was
raining.
3. I remember the
4. Jane has just been to
day I met you.
Medan, where her Dad
lives.