Schematic Diagram Pathophysiology of Colon Cancer, Anemia Secondary

to Blood loss (chronic) Secondary to Colon Cancer, CAP high Risk Lung
metastisis To Consider PTB and Bronchietaeisis

 Predisposing:  Precipitating: Dx:

Gender: Female Diet: fatty foods and frequently eats
50 years and older: red meat Stool occult blood test
smoker
Endoscopy

High levels of fat in the diet

Increase synthesis of bile acids in the liver

Proliferation enhanced by high dietary
levels of refined sugar.
Mngt:
Bacterial flora in the colon activated and
reacts to increase bile acids High fiber diet, increases stool
bulk thereby dilute and remove
potential carcinogens
Bacterial organisms then convert bile acids to
possible carcinogens Aspirin and NSAIDS inhibits COX-
1 and COX-2 thus inhibits
prostaglandin synthesis thus
Formation of neoplasms decrease proliferation and
tumor growth.

Excess proliferation in the colon

Adenomatous polyps formation

Tubular Tubulovillous Villous

Grows slowly 5 to
10years or longer

a
Schematic Diagram Pathophysiology of Colon Cancer, Anemia Secondary
to Blood loss (chronic) Secondary to Colon Cancer, CAP high Risk Lung
metastisis To Consider PTB and Bronchietaeisis

Become a malignant tumor

b a Mngt:

Chemotherapeutic drugs

Invasive carcinoma develops Surgical interventions

Invasion directly to the bowel walls

S/sx
Polyps increase in number
Constipation

Bleeding
Ulceration of lesions
Intestine becomes bulk
Congestion

Abdominal pain
bleeding Decrease blood flow

Decrease O2 distribution to the

c d colon

Mngt:
Necrosis of the tissue due to decrease O2
Stool softener

Blood transfusion
Leading to cell and tissue death in the area

Dysfunction of the colon

f
 Schematic Diagram Pathophysiology of Colon Cancer, Anemia Secondary
to Blood loss (chronic) Secondary to Colon Cancer, CAP high Risk Lung
metastisis To Consider PTB and Bronchietaeisis

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Limited invasion 5 years Invades the entire wall of the Invasion of serosal layer and Far-advance metastasis poor
survival 80-100% colon without lymph node 5 regional lymph node 5 years prognosis
years survival 50-70% survival 30-50%

Mngt:

Blood transfusion, cross

f Mngt:

matched Iron suppliments

Aticuagulants
c Blood transfusion

Fluid volume replacement

IVF
Acute blood loss Chronic blood loss

Hypovolemia/ shock Iron stores are

depleted

Decrease RBC count

Stimulates bone
Microcytic Iron-deficiency anemia
marrow to produce
hemodilution hypochromic anemia
RBC’s

Decrease RBC’s
Hypoxia of the cell Decrease
Sufficient iron stores haemoglobin, decrease
synthesis

Bleeding controlled Bleeding uncontrolled

Small RBC’s unable to
carry O2
Schematic Diagram Pathophysiology of Colon Cancer, Anemia Secondary
to Blood loss (chronic) Secondary to Colon Cancer, CAP high Risk Lung
metastisis To Consider PTB and Bronchietaeisis

Decrease blood
e components

Immune compromised

Bacterial droplets inhaled

through the lungs

Aspirated bacteria Mngt:

through tracheobronchial
tree O2 administration

Braod spectrum
antibiotic
Invasion of bacteria to administration
the LRT
Bronchodilators

Dx:
Inflammation of
Chest x-ray
the alveoli and the
S/Sx: bronchioles Sputum exam
Increased RR
Chest discomfort
Generalized malaise Community acquired
Watery sputum
pneumonia
Coughing
Fever
Chills

If untreated
If treated

Respiratory failure
Good prognosis

Increased BP
Cold/ clammy skin
Cyanosis
Restlessness
Schematic Diagram Pathophysiology of Colon Cancer, Anemia Secondary
to Blood loss (chronic) Secondary to Colon Cancer, CAP high Risk Lung
metastisis To Consider PTB and Bronchietaeisis

Mngt: anti-
tuberculosis drugs
e Mngt: anti-
tuberculosis drugs

Dx: skin test, Dx: skin test,

sputum culture Droplets evaporated and sputum culture
circulate to air current

Inhalation of tubercle bacillus

Primary tuberculosis Secondary tuberculosis

Cell-mediated Reinfection
Development of cell
hypersensitivity
mediated immunity
response
Progressive or
disseminated
Granulomatous tuberculosis
Positive skin test
inflammatory response

Reactivation occurs

Ghon’s focus

If untreated

Combination of primary
lung lesion and lymph
node granulomas
Respiratory failure

Ghon’s complex

Healed dormant leasion

f
Death