8: Corrosion/Coatings Hand-held computer dotermines concrete cating thinness. NAPCA specications Haw much primes How much fost cE ii Se ant wi SARL osu hea Sgn "iret an me ss eg nn rondo Ws gant Get pe yi roligstscter BEN ss wEEatyieis o a wh ie as a ke a Maw eed te iy poe ab tion ket what wi be sian ace oa rap of ate tc, ‘in terms of the resistance of single anne 210 10 an a sos st ed iS par ela ete el mk we ks ae cl teh ua Stee tui oman a cps ai Project leak prow Advances in Pipeline Protection. Methods of loeating erating delocts “ouachite applied e-tenvenenrsyeenre Eximate the aroun sf primer required for tape “ape requirements or tings. Induced AC Voltages on Pip. Present a Serious Raza... Measuring Unwanted Alternating Current in Pipe . [Mane 135186 Pipotng Rulos of Thumb Handbook Hand-held computer determines concrete coating thickness Technical data for the engineer's file Frank E. Hangs, Sovereign Engineering, Inc., Houston Pipeline erossings, nnder water ov in anstable soil, offer ‘many challenges to engineers Pipe is bucyant and an empty line may float in water. Wet sills are Uke viscous Buds causing inadequately weighted Pipelines to pop up. Thor ane sarionss woveraraent tities that have jartiction ovr mviguble rivers, bays, nash lands and offshore waters. These agencies may stipalate that pipelines Ins hue at certs depts soe be stabilind ‘4 gouul aay to stabilize x pipeline fs w use wn adequate eon cxote weight coating, Determining the thickness of the eam cercte snvalves a prowess of bukancing upward forces sels buoyancy of the mul and the downward forves—weights of pipe, protective couting and concrete, allowing a factor of sixty negative buoyancy). Such compotatians with several yar ables van become invalved and tedious Computer program ‘The following program, written for the Hewlett Packard- AICY (Figare 1), calculates the thickness of concrete weight coating for submarine pipelines expeditionsty and with satis fying results ‘The prompting feature (Figure 2) is employed to aid user's cata inpat, Tnportant eiledated values and a recap of he inputs are printed out and each quantity is identified. ‘Thus, the tupe isa complete record. The program is Gexible tn that any inputs ean De seadily changed for a second run ‘Thus, many “what if" questions can be quiely answered. Suppose a heavier-weight pipe is used? What if the concrete density is changed? If the negative buoyancy is reduced? 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Final answer is cumulated in Reg. 05. 15D Pipe diameter, in. 16 WP ‘Weight of pipe, Ibif IT THPC — =Thickness of protective coating. Us ally hoin. o 0.0938in, 1g pC Density of concrete, Ibycuft. Usually 140, 165, 190, 20 DM = Density af mad oF fluid, Ibveutk, River rudd is aroand 90, 18 DPC = Density of protective coating, Ibveu fi. 95 is avorage. 1 TINCR — = Increment of T: Decimal of in 0.195 is suggested for numerical precision~ not that a tolerance of this order ean bbe constantly achieved in the pipe coating world. Increment can be made smaller, if desired. AL_ NEG BUOY = Negative kwoyaney. Desired mivinura value, Ibi Can be 0 in special cit- cumstances—eg, to ascertain if a given pipe will float in water, or will a certain coated pipe sink im mud? Each value keyed in is printed on the tape as a check of inputs and the program prompting feature queries user for value of next named input (Figure 2). Calculated values Reg. no. 06 WRC Weight of protective coating, tilt oF WE = Weight of conerete coating, Ibtf 08 WT ‘Total weight—pipe and coatings. Init, oo WMD Weight of mad (iil) displaced, Ht 10 WEWMD = Actual negative buoyancy, bl 13 vr ‘Total volume displaced by pipe and coatings, cult 13. BULK DEN = Bulk density, wii. Ibven f 14 SPGR = Specific gravity, bulk denvden water. Formulas WP = (D+ (THPO(THPC) .0218(D PC) WC =(D+2(THPC)+ TT 0.0218(DC) CorrosionCoatings 187 timer seonss-tto, setae an are mes Poon ae oars 08 Pie wise tine ea east Sambds 4 mm fc rani. 08 ~ Ane oy DRE ADSL ARE Shige sar Be Pete wepicee en ee e165 oe fu te wens 88 oo Sheree Figure 2. Most common questions asked when checking ‘coating Suoyancy. VP = (D+ 2(THPC) +27) 0.0055, WMD = (VTKDM) Note: User is encouraged to employ most reliable and suit~ able data available: such as density of protective coating, mud, concrete, ete Examples Put program into ealeutator, XEQ Size 80, The printed RESULTS-RECAP portions af each of three examples are given, When the user XEQ “GON” and inpats the data from the fowor part of the tabulation, he will get the same caleu- lated values above igure 2 includes the most common questions asked when checking coating buoyancy. Always be sure flag OL is clear XEQ “CONC” and put in new tral Tand WS. Also WS alter all other inputs. ARer all prompted data are keyed in, the processing starts and results are printed out, Notice T= 4.0250%n_ has sur wetual negative bnayaney of 5.4843. 0 T=45in. the actual negative bucyancy = 18.4510 which is Jess than 20, Precise solution is between 4.5in, and 4.695in, IF user wishes to find T which produces an actual nega- five buoyancy nearer 20: STO 45 in RO 5. STO "fin. (0.0625in.), in R21, XEQOL This produces T= 4.5525 where actual negative buoyancy is LATIS greater than 20, ‘This refinement can be found in choosing small ‘T INCR. Note weight of conerete coating is now 471.5269 IBF and we have approached closer to 20. Calculated values. Weight of protective costing.and eon: crete, total weight und value of pipe and coutings per linea fot wil be of Value in tansporting cnated pipe, ee198 Pipeline ules ot Thum Handbook Note: Results RECAP of any rin (which isin storage) can be reprinted ws often as desied by XEQ “DATA.” IENEG BUOY is 0 and flag 01 is not set, then the program ‘equses WT to approach SYMD and caloulates for this situation, if a printer is not availble, results can be obtained as allows 1, SEQ 5, put in data and IVS after each itom. 2. When beep sounels, HCL registers one by one i arder given abaue (50 as to identify values) re 3 illustrates the changing of O80 input values the pipe diameter and sweight. XEQ 5, this rou- tine calls up the contents of the input registers one at a tine awd questions them, Always pat in a new ‘T value, ‘Ther RS. When B=? comes up, key in new value and R/S, Same with pipe WT = ?, Assume other data remain unchanged, RS each tite. (Any one value oF any combination of vahues may. be changed before rermning the program) Figure 4 determines if a given pipe, Hdin. at 96.741tvif ant hin, of protective weight coating dewsity of 15D eaft will dot. TDC, T INCE and NEG BUOY are all zero. DM becomes the density of water 62.4, Set flag 01 and XEQ 05 Key im data and WS. When all data are in place only one eomputition is allowed, shen printed out WEWMD tells us the upward forces exceed the dowowand forces by 19.1733 thf, abso the specific gravity is 00,7517 so the e Heats, Als note BULK DEN is dess than density of water Renstece 1 40 > aa 2 wo m8 Sr wren ait 3. wena Serio bers re smsa2329 romeshe4 ‘we esr. tect wast Be ees n86 Sr oeLsi Hoa = 16.0808 od onan Wreee Reig nero Besse Fine 2 ey sesurs ster. sae fren. Figure 4, Result of calcuations to determine whether the pipe will oat. NAPCA specifications* RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATION DESIGNATIONS FOR ENAMEL COATINGS ‘These sre recommended ename! coating system designations for FFETEATON Co arr enna contngy cep for specnty raqutements 3 ¥ z |i] Ele 5 i zg], ge # e518 21 2/2/ 3] 2/12 | 8 = El eis |e] ee | 8] g | kel se | be = & Zies| Bi] s | zs] § | se] 3b Fri ale [se] Bye | Bs | ee | 82 | 2 TF Sets Et ze a apt ; a ¥en Sete ts a= mG Sheet af Ter ECDC TOOL ape ro SOX j= fee ee a: HOE Ties a wot ale eons aed ly NACA Fo