QUIZ 4 (UNIT 7 & 13) 

(QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS)

INSTRUCTIONS

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.

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1. Dr. Alia is interested in learning whether students at Iqra University will
support hybrid learning model for studying their courses. There are 10,000
undergraduate and 3,000 graduate students at Iqra University. If Dr. Alia
wants to ensure that she has an equal number of undergraduate and graduate
students in her sample, what type of sampling method should she use?

a.  Stratified

b.  Systematic

c.  Simple random

d.  Cluster
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2. How do researchers know if the  data collection has reached theoretical
saturation?

a.  New materials reinforce what the researcher already knows.

b.  Key informants identify new informants to interview.

c.  Their intuition suggests interesting insight can be gained.

d.  New materials yield new insights.

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3. Karim conducts a study on water quality in a village in Interior Sindh where
people are suffering from poor water supply. He does not use his findings to
help the people, even when he could, stating that the purpose of this study is
for him to earn his PhD degree. Which ethical principle has Karim violated?

a.  Justice for the participants

 b.  Respect for the participants

c.  Privacy of the participants

d.  Benefits for the participants

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4. In a simple random sample, each unit of the population has an ________ chance
of being selected.

a.  higher

b.  equal

c.  None of the above

d.  lower
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5. Sampling is necessary because

a.  it reduces the number of variables at play in a situation.

b.  a researcher cannot study every member of the population of

interest.

c.  it focuses on one dimension of a complex social problem.

d.  causality cannot be established at a single moment in time.

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6. Non-sampling errors include:

a.  Respondent errors

b.  Recording errors

c.  All of the above

d.  Interviewer bias
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7. _____________ sampling is a way of collecting data in accordance with the
progressive discovery of concepts, categories and emerging theory.

a.  Theoretical

b.  Snowball

c.  Convenience

d.  Systematic
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8. The most important disadvantage of a convenience sample is that:

a.  the research results cannot be generalized.

b.  it takes a lot of time and effort to find respondents.

c.  this way of sampling is relatively expensive.

d.  it will introduce a systematic ‘bias’ in the data.

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9. At which stage of research project it is important to follow the ethical
guidelines?

a.  All of the above

b.  During the data collection

c.  Before the start of the project

d.  While writing up your research

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10. Dr. Sami has accessed a list of all public elementary schools in Karachi. He
randomly selects 20 schools from the list and then randomly selects 50 students
at each school to survey. What type of sampling method has Dr. Sami used?

a.  Stratified

b.  Cluster

c.  Systematic
 d.  Simple random
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11. How could you create a snowball sample?

a.  Ask the first 10 people you see to participate in your study

b.  Randomly select respondents from a list

c.  Ask a respondent to recommend another person to contact

d.  Stratify respondents into groups and randomly select from each of

the strata
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12. If a researcher selects whoever they can find within a given time and place to
interview, what kind of sample have they got?

a.  Quota sample

b.  Snowball sample

c.  Convenience sample

d.  Random sample
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13. Which of the following represents the ethical stance of universalism?

a.  Ethical principles should never be broken

b.  Social researchers’ ethical transgressions are relatively trivial, and

most can be ignored.

c.  Each case should be considered independently

d.  Whether an act is right or wrong depends on its outcomes

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14. Giving research participants pseudonyms in any written report of a study
helps to protect their right of ___________.

a.  safety
 b.  Privacy

c.  respect

d.  All of the above

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15. Sampling in qualitative research is all about

a.  documents

b.  time and place

c.  people

d.  All of the above

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16. The ethical dilemma with internet-based research is related to the principle of
_________.

a.  Safety

b.  Informed consent

c.  Respect

d.  Privacy
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17. How many people must you have in a sample for qualitative research?

a.  between 40 and 50 people

b.  It’s almost impossible to say

c.  One or two people is enough if they are the right type

d.  at least 80 people

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18. Dr. Jamila wants to conduct an in-depth study of bullying in high school. She
is particularly interested in better understanding how bullying relationships
 develop and continue throughout the school year. What strategy do you think
would ensure that Dr. Jamila collects the highest-quality data for her study?

a.  Use cluster sampling and randomly select 5 high schools in Karachi

to administer a 10-question survey on bullying

b.  Use cluster sampling and randomly select 10 high schools in

Karachi to administer a 20-question survey on bullying.

c.  Use purposive sampling and spend a year teaching and observing

students at her former public high school in Karachi

d.  None of the above

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19. ________ error refers to the difference between the estimates from a sample
and the true parameters that arise due to random chance.

a.  Sampling

b.  Bias

c.  Random

d.  Systematic
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20. Why is it often difficult to translate ethical guidelines into practice creating
ethical dilemmas?

a.  It is not always possible to inform participants about every aspect

of the research.

b.  It may not be practical to secure written informed consent with

some research methods.

c.  Research often has unexpected results and/or undergoes

methodological revisions.

d.  All of the above