Effects of Social Media to Senior High School Learners of Bagulin, La Union

SY:2017-2018

CHAPTER 1

I.INTRODUCTION*

Background of the study

Social media is the integration of digital media including combination of electronic texts,

graphics, moving images and sound into structured computerized environment that allows

people to interact with data with appropriate purposes. Social networking sites are term to as

web-based services that give an opportunity to individuals, to create their own personal

profile, with the choice of their own list of users. Thereby connect with them in an

altogether public forum, that provide them with features such as sharing, chatting, video

calling as well as blogging, to build real life friendship though similar interest or groups. In

addition to blogs and forums, members can express themselves by designing their profile

page to reflect their personality. The most popular extra features include music and video

section. The video section can include everything from member’s generated videos from

hundreds of subjects to TV clips and movie trailers or simply called YouTube.

According to Shabir.et.al (2014), Social media is the most recent form of media and

having many features and characteristics. It is also the cheapest fast access to the world so it

is very important for all age of peoples. Its use is increasing day by day with high rate in all

over the world. Majority of youth shifting speedily from electronic media like as television

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viewers and radio listeners to the social media among all age of group. Youth rate is very

much to shifting into social media so its influences are much on youth.

They also described that social media is a set of internet-based application that

constructs on the ideological and technological foundation of wed and that permit the design

and exchange of user generated content.

Shrestha Lucky (2013) described that social media is means of connections among

people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual

communities and networks. While Alison Doyle an American Psychologist, she defines

Social media as, it is various online technology tools that enable people to communicate

easily and people use social media to share information, text, audio, video, images, podcast,

and other multimedia communication.

Whereas Anthony J. Bradley (2009) he defines, social media is an inevitable for

the vast majority of organizations worldwide. He says this predictability is not assurance of

success. He says many organizations fail in social-media efforts because they do not deliver

their products on the six core principles that set social media apart and brings about its

unique value. And these six core principles of are social media collaboration. Social media

network site defines social media as: it is an online location where people can interact with

others about information, entertainment, news and which will be on their own choice and

creation (Turow, 2011 as cited by Shabir.et.al)

Social media is composed of three things. The computer, internet and email address.

Computer in an electronic machine that can store and work with a large amount of

information, wherein internet is an electronic that connects computer network and

organization facilities around the world while email address is a system for sending

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messages from one computer to another computer or messages that sent electronically from

one computer to another.

Some of the most popular social media website worldwide are Baidu Tieba,

Facebook as well as its associated messenger, Gab, Google+, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest,

Reddit, Snapchat, Tumblr, Twitter, Viber, WeChat, Vimeo, WhatsApp and You Tube which

more than 100,000,000 registered users over the world. These sites have held an additional

to youth wherein they find it difficult to concentrate on their work and prefer logging in and

jumping across one site.

However, there was consider top 10 social networking sites. Top 10 was the www.

Netlog.com, which consist of over 54 million number of users. Top 9 was the

www.Flixter.com, which consist of over 60 million number of users. Top 8 was the

www.Orkut.com, which consist of over 67 million number of users. Top 7 was the

www.Tagged .com, which consist of over 70 million number of users. Top 6 was the

www.hi5.com, which consist of over 80 million number of users. Top 5 was the

www.Friendster.com, which consist of over 90 million number of users. Top 4 was the

www.Habbo.com that consist of over 118 million number of users. Top 3 was the Windows

Live Spaces that consist of over 120 million number of users. Top 2 was the

www.Myspace.com, which consist of over 264 million number of users. Moreover, top one

was the www.Facebook.com, which consist of over 300 million number of users. It shows

that the most likely social networking sites was Facebook. (S.Mahat.,S.D Mundle,2014)

Some social media also categorized into several platforms, which are the social

networking, video sharing, live streaming, microblogging, blogging, social news, photo

sharing, content curation and wikis. Social networking allows users to connect with other

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people who have similar interest, likes, and experiences. These types of platform allow the

users to share and consume information across the network and to join, create, and

participate in groups that includes Facebook, LinkedIn and google+. Video sharing by far

and away more engaging than any other type of social media content and there are platforms

dedicated to allowing its users to upload videos that can be shared specially to that platforms

as well as all across the internet which include You Tube and Vimeo. Live streaming is a

piggy backing on video sharing, its platforms provide its users to broadcast and watch live

video from their computers and smartphones, which include the Periscope and the Blab.

Microblogging, allows users to share small amount of characters, Microblogging includes

Twitter and Tumblr. Blogging is a web site that contents online personal reflections,

comments, and often hyperlinks provided by writer. Blogging were start to use on 1999 that

includes WordPress, Blogger and live journal. Social news is a type of platforms wherein it

used to share news or outside article with community or network. These platforms allow

user to vote on or rate the content, so that the highest rate content is easiest to see and find

on the site, which include Digg and Reddit. Photo sharing means that images are the most

engaging content available on the web which they can share or post images, this include the

Instagram and Flickr. Content Curation is a big part of maintaining a killer social media

presence is regularly curating relevant, high-quality content from other sources in order to

share it with your audience. Google is obviously hardy for this but there are entire social

media platforms dedicated to curating context, this include the paper.li and Pinterest.

Moreover, wikis are collaborative platforms where users contribute articles to create sites

that full of vast information which include the Wikipedia and Wikia.

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 Moreover, social media play a big role to our daily lives. Overall, social media is a

helpful tool to us. Social media is use for searching information, ideas and opinions of

others, it is the way to meet new friends, an easier communication, a way to express their

belief, emotion and opinions, a way to share and discuss their taste in life, a way to find a

support that they lack in tradition relationship, and it attributes to our society and as well as

in business. It helps also users to develop and discover their talent.

Social media is use for reaching or finding information, ideas and opinions of others.

They use this as a source of information most especially to a student. Students also use

online searchers to gain answer in their studies such as homework, school task or simply

called activity and for their reports. It is really plays a positive effect on education, social

media gives a way in a student to effectively reach each other, about class venture and bunch

assignment. Besides that, social media also provides an opportunity for those educators to

teach good digital citizenship and the use of internet for productivity. They also use this to

find information about health problem, especially for those people who are concerned about

physical health. According to Lenhart, (2010) almost 17% of teens who use the internet to

gather information about health topics that are hard to discuss with others, such as drug use

and sexual health. They also use this as a source of advice when they are in risk about their

emotions or feelings. They will be going to post their problems and wait for a comment of

others for their advice or for others they are just only search for it and look for a result that

might help them to find solution in their problem.

Social media also is a way to meet new friends. For millions of social media users, it

is undeniable to meet new friends outside and inside the country from social networking

sites that we access. We meet new friends from different races and identity. It is because

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social media is a world that everybody can be friends and more than friends are as long as

they want. Social media is an easy way to find friends and it is very advantages because in

just a second we can find a friend to comfort us especially if we have a problem. In some

manner it is also disadvantages to us when we find friend in social media, it is because we

even do not know their real identity and it may lead as to a more dangerous situation.

Social media is also use for communicating others. This is one of the easier and

fastest way to communicate others even though it is from other country in just a second.

Most of the time social media is use to communicate others to create or build a strong

relationship most especially to people who are very far from their families, like for example

OFW’s, they usually use social media to communicate their families to build a strong

relationship or real life relationship. However, social media depend on mobile and web-

based technologies to create highly interactive platforms through which individuals and

communities share, co-create, discuss and modify user-generated content. Social media

introduce substantial and persuasive charges to communication between organization,

communities and individuals. The increased use of the internet as a new tool in

communication has charges the way people interact. Recently, a new means of online

communication has emerged with its own set of idiosyncrasies. This new communication

style occurs with social networking sites (A.J. Kunlandairaj, 2014)

Social media is also a way to express their belief, opinions and feelings, and a way to

share and discuss their taste in life. Students particularly to teens are often use social media

to express their self through posting their opinions and ideas in a particular issue that they

might encounter in social media. They also usually post their feelings especially if they feel

bored, mad and not feeling well, just to express their feelings to feel better. According to Ito

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(2008), Social media can provide a supportive environment to explore romance, friendship

and social status, while also providing teens an opportunity to share and discuss their taste in

music, knowledge of television and movies, online videos or games, and other aspect of teen

culture.

Social networking sites also can allow teens to find support online that they may lack

in traditional relationship, especially for teens who are often marginalized, such as lesbian,

gay, bisexual and transgendered or simple called LGBT teens, who are living with an illness

or disability or those who may feel physically unattractive or socially reticent. (McKenna.

Baugh, 2000).

Social media play a role to our society. As we, all are aware of social media that has

enormous impact on our society. Many of the social media sites are most popular on web.

Some social media sites have transformed the way where people communicate and socialize

on the web. Social networking sites render the opportunity for people to reconnect with their

old friends, colleagues and mates. Social media also changes the lifestyle of a society

because social media helps them to share ideas beyond the geographic boundaries. Social

Networking sites also helps people to unite on a huge platform for the achievement of

specific goals that may bring positive change in the society. It is also providing awareness

among society like campaigns, advertisement articles, promotions that helps the society to

be up to date with the current information.

Social media is also a new buzz area in marketing that includes business,

organizations and brands that helps to create news, make friends, make connections and

make followers. Business use social media to enhance an organizations performance in

various way such as to accomplish business objectives, increasing annual sales of the

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organization. Social media provides the benefit as a communication platform that facilities

two-way communication between a company and their stockholders. Business can be

promote through various social networking sites. Many of the organization promotes their

business by giving advertisement in social media in order to attract maximum users or

costumers. Customer can connect and interact with business on a more personal level by

using social media. If an organization has established a brand, social media may help this

organization to develop the existing brand and give the business a voice. With the help of

social media, organization can make their strategy to promote their organization

(S.S.Mahat., S.D.Mundhe, 2014).

Most of all social media helps also every user to developed and discover their talents,

skills and unique performance in order to create their name in the world of popularity. As we

notice, there is many people became popular through social media. A great example of this

was Maine Mendoza, as known as the queen of “dubmash”. Through social media, they

discovered her talent for being a good comedian in doing dubmash. In as now she is already

a popular artist.

Despite these sites that serves good in many ways, it has its negative effects too such

as mental health which affecting their behavior and mind, cybercrime or cyberbullying,

texting/sexting, dangers of sexual solicitation and expose to problematic and illegal content,

privacy violation, electronic aggression, it affects also our society negatively as well as in

business.

Mental health is one of the causes of social media especially to youth particularly to

students. Some student got a low score in their quizzes or exam and bad behaviors inside

and outside the classroom, because of the social media that affecting their mental health.

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The first concern about the negative effect comes to mind is the kind of distraction to the

student present in the class, they usually browse their phone during the classes especially if

they got bored about the discussion of the teacher. One also of the biggest breakdown of

social media in education is the privacy issue like posting personal information on online

sites. In some of the scenario there were many in appropriate information posted which may

lead the students to the wrong side. In addition, many of the bloggers and writers post wrong

information on social sites that may lead the learners to confuse about a certain topic

Because of social media students lose their ability to engage themselves for face-to-face

communication.

Cybercrimes are a term of electronic posting of mean-spirit messages about a person

often done anonymously. Social media will lead an opportunity for emotional distress from

receiving threats, harassing or humiliating communication from another teen. Cybercrime is

criminal activity done using computers and the Internet. This includes anything from

downloading illegal music files to stealing millions of dollars from online bank accounts.

Cybercrime also includes non-monetary offences, such as creating and distributing viruses

on other computers or posting confidential business information on internet. Cybercrime

makes different because it is easy to carry out on an attack, has lower risk associated with it.

It is also sophisticated tools are readily available on the internet publicly and also it can

access and attack can be from anywhere and unanimous. Cyberbullying is one form of

cybercrimes. The word did not even exist a decade ago, yet the problem has become a

persuasive one today. Cyberbullies do not have to be strong of fast; they just need access to

a cellphone or computer and a desire to terrorize. Anyone can be a cyberbully, and such a

person usually have few worries about having face-to-face confrontation with their victims.

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In fact, the anonymity of cyberbullying may cause students who normally would not bully in

the tradition-sense to become a cyberbully. According to Kowalski, 2009 cyberbullying

caused higher levels of depression and anxiety for the victims than traditional bullying and it

might has been connected to cases of youth suicide with teen known to engage in reading

hurtful comments days before their suicide attempts. The people who are most at risk for

cybercrimes are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and as well as the allied youth. Allied

youth is referring to young people who are openly supportive of LGBT youth. Females are

also the next likely group to be cyberbullied. According to Schneider.et.al (2012), 16% of

students reported cyberbullying and almost 15% of a student feel depressed and attempted

suicide because of being a victim of cybercrimes.

Many young people’s day-to-day life woven by the social media Youngsters are in

conversation and communication with their friends and groups by using different media

devices every day. Nowadays youngsters are in contact not only with known friends but also

with unknown people through social networking sites, instant messaging etc. Teens are very

popular in messaging, even though they use this responsibility; it is still extremely powerful

and private communication tool that it might be used irresponsible. According to O’keefe,

2011 in his study at California, sexting is a misdemeanor offence for teens under 18-year-

old. Nowadays social media has become a new set of cool tools for involving young

peoples.

Online sexual solicitation and predation is the act of encouraging someone to talk

about sex, to do something sexual, or to share personal sexual information even when that

person does not want to. This is occurring when someone or anyone makes a contact to other

with intent to engage in sexual activities that would result in statutory rape. Youth are much

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more likely to receive sexual solicitation between same age than sexual predation and most

of these solicitations come from same age peers who are those offline that were stated by

Collins, 2011. The youth Internet Safety Survey, conducted by Crimes Against Children

Research Center at the University of New Hamshire, was interviewed 1,501 youth ages 10-

17 years, that frequently use the internet found that the 19% of youth have receive unwanted

sexual solicitation via the web only 24% of teens told a parent about the solicitation and

75% of teens were not worried by the sexual online solicitation.

In addition, the privacy violation. When teens are at risk in social media, they well

engage in privacy protecting behaviors, such as adjusting their profiles to private from

public access and changing their profiles into a false information about their identity.

However, most of the youth does not read the websites privacy policies or may be unaware

that their information is at risk of disclosure to third parties like advertisers.

Social media also bring a negative effect on society. One of the negative effect of

social media is that it makes people addicted. People spend lots of time in social networking

sites, which can divert the concentration and focus from the particular task. Social media

also can easily affect the kids; the reason is sometimes people shares photos, videos on

media that contain violence and negative things, which can affect the behavior of kids or

teenagers. It also abuses the society by invading on people’s privacy.

In addition, for business, social media bring a negative impact to an organization. In

business, field social media is not entirely risk free because many of the fans and followers

are free to post their opinion on a particular organization, the negative comment can lead the

organization to failure. Many of the large organization have fallen victim to hackers. The

wrong online brand strategy can doom a company and put a huge viral social disadvantage.

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Many of the companies also have difficulty measuring the results of social media

advertising.

This paper approach the quantitative research to study the research objectives. The

tool that has been employ to work on the data collection will be particularly questionnaires,

where question was close ended along with usage of tools such as table chart. This research

was conduct in order to target the senior high school at Bagulin, La Union. The

questionnaire compose of 26 question. Bagulin is one of the municipality in the province of

La Union that composed of fourteen barangays and made up of twelve primary school and

five secondary school. This study decided to survey the five secondary school particularly to

Senior High School learners. The five secondary is composed of three national and

integrated school, which are the Tagudtud National High School, Cambaly National High

School, Suyo National High School, Baay Integrated School and Dagup Integrated School.

Framework of the study and Paradigm

Participants

A. Senior High School

of Bagulin, La Impact to their
Union. daily lives
B. Students Profiles
 Age A. Easier
Different types of Communica
 Gender
Social Media tion
 Affiliation
B. Impact to
 Parents A. Facebook
their grades
Occupati B. Instagram
C. Effect to
on C. Twitter
their
 Monthly
emotion
Income
and
 Types of
behaviors.
Gadgets 12
Technological Determinism Theory

Technological Determinism state that the media technology shapes how we as

individuals in a society think, feel, act and how the society operates us we move from one

technological age to another. This theory was developed by Marshall Mcluhan in 1962. It

explains that the individuals learn and feel and think the way we do because of the messages

they receive through the current technology that is available. Social media brought about by

emerging technology requires people to listen and engaged often. People then interpret the

messages sent to them from social media in their everyday life. The theory explains that

when new systems of technology are developed, the culture or society is immediately

changed to reflect the senses needed to use the new technology, society will change and

adapt to technology. It explains that there is a simple cause and effect analysis between the

introduction of new technology and the changes in society’s way of thinking, feeling, acting,

or believing. In 1960 Klapper Reinforcement Theory was concerned that the average people

exaggerated the power of media. He introduced what he called phenominist theory he

argued that media rarely have any direct effects and are relatively powerless when compared

with other social and psychological factors such as social status, group membership,

strongly held attitudes, education and so forth. His theory is often referred to now as

“reinforcement” theory a key assertion that the primary influence of media is to reinforce

(not change) existing attitudes and behaviors. Instead of disrupting society and creating

unexpected social change, media generally serve as agents of the status quo, giving people

more reasons to go on believing and acting as they already do. He argued that there simply

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are too many barriers to media influence for drastic changes to occur except under very

unusual circumstances. Klapper’s theory insists that ordinarily media does not serve as a

necessary and sufficient cause of audience effects, but rather functions among and through a

nexus of mediating factors and influences. He also explains these mediating factors such that

they typically render mass communication a contributory agent, but not as the sole cause in

a process of reinforcing the existing conditions. Regardless of the condition in question and

regardless of whether the effect in question, be social or individual, the media are more

likely to reinforce than to change. Klapper’s theory also assumes that mass communication

does not function in the service of change; one of the two following conditios is likely to

exist. The mediating factors he says will be found to be inoperative and the effect of the

media will be found to be direct; or the mediating factors, which normally favor

reinforcement, will be found to be impelling toward change.

Statement of the problem

The study is design to analyze the impact of social media to student in their daily

lives on:

1. How do the social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram and twitter affect

their daily lives?

2. How do Senior High School at Bagulin use the social media in their daily lives?

3. How do social media affect their behaviors and emotions?

4. How do social media affect their studies?

5. How importance social media in their daily lives?

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Research Hypotheses

The following hypothesis has been formulating to test some attributes of the

respondents.

H: Theirs is no significant relationship between the student’s life and the effect of social

media among students.

H: There is a significant relationship between the student’s life and the effect of social

media among students.

Scope and Delimitation of Study

The study seeks to find out the effects of social media among students of Senior

High School particularly at Bagulin, La Union in their daily lives, such as their studies,

behaviors and emotions and as well in their everyday lives. The study recognize that new

interactive technologies have impacts on every students and such this study will focus itself

on five high school (Three national and two integrated), namely Tagudtud National High

School, Cambaly National High School, Suyo National High School, Baay Integrated

School and Dagup Integrated School. The total population of the five school in Bagulin is

321 and among this 321 only 179 are my respondents.

Significance of the Study

Learning is a process of gaining knowledge or skill by studying, practicing, being

taught or experiencing something. This generalization of this present study would be great

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contribution to the vast knowledge in relation to student’s achievements. Vital result of this

investigation could be highly significant and beneficial to the following:

Students: They are the secondary student particularly to Senior High School. They are

considering the second main concern in the educational system next to primary pupils that

are the pupils from grade 1 to grade six. In this study, the findings of this research will

inspire, enlightened and become beneficial to the students of Bagulin, La Union particularly

to Senior High School.

School: This is where my respondents from. School is known as a second home of a

students, this study is important to inform their school if social media brings a negative

impact to their students and it serves as a guideline for the school heads for disciplining their

students in concerned of using social media.

Teachers: They are the second mother of every student, and they play a significant role to a

life of students. The findings of this research will help the teachers to know and inform what

the possible effects to their students are and to take advantages with it.

Researcher Herself: This refer to the student conducting the study. This is important for her

to gain more knowledge.

Future Researcher: This could be a basis for making their research too and it is useful for

knowing the effect of social media today and after todays, when they conduct a same

research.

Definition of terms

Senior High School learners- This is a student from Bagulin, La union

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Bagulin- One municipality of La Union

SNS- Social Networking Sites

SHS- senior high school

Students/learners- students from Senior High School

Cyberbullying- form of bullying that is happening through social media

Live- Streaming- piggy backing on video sharing

Microblogging- types of platforms that only allows users to use small amount of characters

Photo sharing- Sharing a photo through social media

LGBT- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender

Teen Culture- taste of teens in society

Sexting- text that containing dirty messages

Allied youth- referring to young people who are openly supportive of LGBT youth

Sexual solicitation- getting information through social media

Privacy violation- teen who are usually making a false information about their profile

Profile- Documentation of social media users

CHAPTER II

II.METHODOLOGY

Introduction

This chapter will discuss the research design, population and locale of the study

research instrumentation, data gathering tool and procedure, reliability of instruments and

treatment of data.

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Research design

This study uses the descriptive survey and correlational research design. According

Caldeon (2008) as cited by Alberto et. Al (2011), descriptive method is also known as

statistical research, it describes data and the characteristics about the population or

phenomenon being studied. Often the best approach prior to writing descriptive research, is

conducting a survey investigation, and a correlational study is a quantitative method of

research in which you have two or more quantitative variables from the same group of

participants, & trying to determine if there is a relationship between the two variables. (Dr.

Janet waters,2017)

Population and Locale of the study

Out of the 321 Senior High School students of Bagulin, La Union, 179 will be

consider as my respondents. Using the Slovin’s formula, they are distributing as follows.

Senior High Schools of Bagulin, La Total Population of Total Respondent

Union SHS learners

1. Baay Integrated School 57 32
2. Tagudtud National High School 50 28
3. Cambaly National High School 52 29
4. Suyo National High School 138 77
5. Dagup Integrated School 24 13
Total 321 179

Slovin’s Formula:

N=N÷ (1+Ne²)

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Where:

n=target population

N=total population

e²= Margin of errors

These respondents will be select by means of stratified random sampling using the

fish bowl method.

Research of the instrument

In the actual study, structure type of questionnaire will be utilizing as a primary tool

for gathering data. The researcher obtained permission from the principal of High School

Department, Mrs. Arlene Hilario. The actual study will be conduct at the senior high

school learners of Bagulin, La Union during the time allotted for researcher.

Validity of the instrument

For the validation of the instrument, the first draft of questionnaire will be present to

the researcher’s adviser and the instructor on research for correction and suggestion.

The suggestions and corrections made by the researcher’s adviser and the instructor

on research were incorporate. The final draft will then prepare.

Reliability of the instruments

To determine the consistency of the instruments, the research administered the

internal consistency method, which requires only one administration of the same

instruments.

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Data Gathering tool and procedure

The gathering tool used in collecting the necessary data were the questionnaires. The

instrumentation will be made up of two parts. Part 1 dealt with the respondent’s profile. Part

2 dealt with the effect of social media in their daily lives.

Treatment of Data

The researcher use the frequency counts and percentages in determining the profile

of Senior High School Learners of Bagulin, La Union

The weight mean was also use to show the extent of respondent on the effect of

social media in their daily lives. The formula will be employ is:

WM=TWF/N

Where:

WM means Weighted Mean

TWF means Total Weighted Frequency

N means Total Number of Respondents

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be utilize to determine if there was no

significant relationship between the profile and the effect of social media among SHS

learners of Bagulin, La Union that will be use to conduct using Excel Microsoft. The level

of significance, which were the basis for interpreting, were at 0.05 level.

In analyzing the mean, the following quantity is applied. In qualifying the factors of

responses where the 3-point scale is utilizing, the following scale equivalent adopt from

Likert Scale of accrediting Agencies of the Philippines is use.

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Scale for extent of social media use among Senior High School Learners

Point Value Mean Value Descriptive Equivalent

3 1.00-1.49 Sometimes
2 2.00-2.49 Disagree
1 3.00-3.49 Agree

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