Hao Neate Noten - Ge0-Tecanacar Enganecering-l - M:Hemanta kt mah ME afl Onis TW - ‘ Topic’, Ecathy Ramus Theeries CivL Grgircsing Dasher’ Retaining Walls. A) © Rankine’s theory of eit) Poenuse — Epst prenuts tn Loyemd SeilS — Coulombs Goat pocouse thesty c Rebham's 2 Gilmamis Graghital. metheds., i amon TONS > Latéal Eastin Rewuse da the Yreemuse 3 er SHU ecests, b> the hatandtal dlugtion, Te, lated tasty Poowea Sa important | ae i ayede the " Ceectetion bebasicus Staengihs 9 the SS Belg Shes _ Crsidons te a f Ge o “ledwital Suck “os Se Errererte) Tow: Dechehercibions & brated CxCovitions’ , Hee, Tats Uuit Va ws Sadie) Be a overall Wess ae datited Vooes, Conca: @ Gost “Posssuse. Co-gicit Latina) “Fattio "Rewsete “he Comicon a laos} -Gaslls Premise (WJ & de ied Hestzcttal Cecio Shen (va) to the vatal cae Moen DE %& Died ctyfes of Lali,» Eel Peeps ¢ Defendug upon be movement 4 DuYevore ty “te on Ml Soil, Bue oe ztypo + ciliso) fast frome + A) Me Rad Renu" x) Adine Prema’ 3) Pae Presausts tre walk with 2) At Rat _poomue s+ When the sal mass da not occused te ary Yield (8) movement Tne Movement Frquye t= At RetPeoe "Fh at) ps en 22) Ain boas AD) yi) Klhen the Sad Mo, ] Retaining | pom Boag Te Pati a meves Show 10 Vig wh. aon Se) 23), Panine Prmse'(Pp), oie he em rooved “Vowends bedglil 15 Caled Pamive Pownuses “Fi Shower So Fgud- When Uns Poon “sa Odie the Coil Yromusa. Intaaen > : ene er): G5 ETE BAe . fy! Not.Vantin otting to Mantabtiy 0 A Prrmatine the basic Tea Chow Corl, (woo otuclied dust Carp yf AL Duel Active ot Gani Paernta—* (Pi aban Mow, Wwe du ter Centaph A Aetaiog t-PA [900 My tol) [dame ¢ oe Mai Aiea " Phat h / an te Yueh curser > (tH) htt ! a x Wath eoesenie) ilo 4” Uclalnrnmnea. 2 une p x NaimdntbediM, avy gil Ih a. NMoniilinn ‘ Preriite + Poetn Foam G) Qos a Hen, ly olevtva wo), din which no raowernnt ies Ua the soi rw (pid Bad. daho"Z z”, i Vee Va Nighy, i The html) Onfedive Shen Cay wo obla trod vamy tho Conic, re eorlh pone (@) mo CMe), Key 15 eapol ‘ey ohio hotzortah Sen to Valselsbion . [ el> bat % _ w z 4y fre No _ wT) oy, >The shene (G) oe vaaly oxfreoert (Pe )y wading te lotro} Yvonne @ ost +" Py = Ke & whee, ; 8 A 72 - Tnbigooncl, pronua. + 0% -yorlilal San - By = Compidut of @ sest coat bromure The Cojficint eat Yronuine’ @ suck Cu) relia » te efftcbive Saues “The tela! “prenuse (fy) Sa eapal te DM Sum of We Bnpanday fremwe (Po) & paw wally Proowe Cu), The lated foemu debts (2) da — Fz Kol TA—hotw) + Roto « f he obive ty dudiales tae rman dideibstion Litanrquly with Zor prone @ ep (aed gto cox Grose @ BAO fF (walt + 5 _ Ober Page No soyRontines THEORY. + ween Jn 1051, Rorkie Conidaed Bde captbived. a Boil clenneth —Uithin a ged nam bounded by 0 plome Sumfate . ‘ Ss y , . hy + ob . Geverally, Rartin’s gowd On te a, & fe. dee Smaurphion ove qollowsd — . . yi . ? +) Sou roam da “hemoggrenp oe a 4) Soy Xs" doy Ane name a =) Grow — ¢ odaodd veh F2 Errored Sune Jat plows ud) ron 2 he a ee : $) Book gl te ookadl wall 20 cra. & vals #) Seth Sewer oe Oe a" plastis, Lqglibsuwro Stak + a 1) tars “Testy em Aan Bema (A ° LE ud Condiday an dower af doy 56d @ a cet too a Jeu Sal Supt Tyikally, Ver Sarat is ak rst Condition y thon Wneridovfal’ foomwe —— - , oa . >be B- KAY | q Oe = Veatital Stren (Majer prindplsteer) = Rented Stem Cyninor Pencips ster) Ga Canetion 5 1 w " sercins Contin’ © yohen' % da deGeaneds athe pata ails nN. Siailasly, dolls pow ufo (lust endshe - ' ~ 4 “Ree y zs) _ Ae—n h P Le | : hs Page to 105The Mehse Cycle Shows , hin active Cations ane aaaldied -. Ther point LE) safsaents “Une olive Cordon), sd) 7 ee ‘ie ange Bing = Co. > Goh: | OT yk OL..9 bBewE CE-CD=(B- Sing = Ee - Sip = Ec: = bes, s| a fe Ele po Bb: Ee > ben vesing, { ' Bre oe ve Next,, Ol=0b+ EC, => Ravte > h=ot-Ec3e ob 4D an Py fhe. OC Sp —OLSind , ———~ 0B = oc cB. 0B = OC+ dDLsinh Now faye Pet cSinp). apis i. f Ms OF Casing) [Basing ae Ee oe : Page No: ob[ant] as dooeh tad (us 8) ow. asso 4 beso,» Ba = Ap» whet = H. Renting’ Thay 97 Rwive Poensoe (z+ Le ua | Considen tha. elarrent oa Sal @ a font @ a det CD below ta Sei? Supfere. ah So’ da Combsuned Lalinally, (OR) da gnoeated » wren (om) Semains Contant + Os 1 oh ee Condition , if) Bsemains Comint , when op)” Sa | The Poat"B hits pl”, sintbaly, qollouy tie Mote ube deilure EnVelche. 2 | #6 2a si “The Mohs Cgcle. chows, when the Porive: Conditlens ane develtyd + Then port CE) seperti cn) : - fage Nov dlwe a i fe OG + oc ace 1 Simp: CD: CD- OC Sin e ol. CE= Ot-sing - Fo> OC tOC-Sinp +> OC (44 8mp) » Pp = oc-Carsing), = To dud OF i Daye ©B- oc-BC 4 o¢-4P, SV © oc-otsinp. Wap ' 2 [245%>) oe A1-Sind). uv whue:+ fo = fosetve Eastlh Premurt * hp = Co-Eiicirk of. Posen Ponuse oye TH: _ Hee bp = sasied 5 tot Lud + $), A Bhop Hp’ Wped- ny Pop No: 08,5 a ==> Foy Bath Colwive & Cohuionln Seilo- Te = Hox ‘ a } 5 Cahoon S812 ° fo os hes ty B a | & why: «) eee » Kp Ss | AAs | afte | eds a. © lasing “la tip | BH fx 3) KgeT Dike Raninds “Kasith Teoue , vsten Ue Suoloo dn Doehivad Rawtaines @ceumed tok the vestiCal Skars BH an “eer = be Gol wit avetinad beckett Es Ye datiscl Stew on tv veatitol plows tte elerewstt ose * conjugate Niemen - Hien, Roshni st Salta “Crise SOS. When Whe daection OQ a-stun Ga heoalal to he flare ven whidy ve Oty con odd: NoT&!: avis Lod ce ea Tnelined Boowyi\ : Page No: 09,lek Consids, an element on sot @ defsi(3) beloo pa Sod Sate curchkined (@ onde Ce) (1) Ts wren 05 “Bre Of, Sestorg a. | ABO z @ Active Ecsithy Bocuse 2 ox! ay the ean exhana vers of oil - dla. Sufficest “to Undue We Sth g orbine place eqibriven, ce Mohy Cacle must fon ‘roofs Ke oe Should be ma to the fdune envalepe. The Conbagate Stony wich ie Uns, odive Poonuss. CRD . wa The seat Shun Polio = ica a Eererelly, Rs pl asi —Ot { Sep —Suek a St Casi ~ Stee e Swi oy \ ae Asi + SL cop) As »D Fa, cook ~ J tod — cath (2) oy : - = S ais JGdy — med. Page No: af = Actine Rosrnure. Ka = Rbetident q cost powaust » Oy ee ond | ® fasion Eats Benue THD - Coase: 15 Stmilay to phe. of tho. ‘Ottive Gose ustth “ow basic Anta -Uhat the veri tal Sen Sa Similog, of o Confiucet — a eet Seon Ratio} - erly fo asi + SSP a . cost J Sigy sisi i Cosi al C-edhys) “l4-Coe) fe csi SOST-ON oz), ow a Cost — Its cede fp. Gals FesTmtoagT (cose Gear Cart Coe Cos’ Fo = Fp-5y Fage Noi ha.© Pooruse. TWDistiibition '- ! ‘ a]. oa ae vden the Sok Sumlul “ Yviclued @ ow onde (1), The lotro uwnunl in Poa -to te Sal Segoe “The moxtunery foams occurs (a) te Le) Peta, tout 4 Sa gen oy GED @ Actue Conese - PeBe bot Be [bi > casi. tsi Wea ey. Vootbenny O\ “TP Costs Cosi Jia Gey To . Atal Aidtine Punvon, Roe A meh 2 © Fosse Cage te Ee eh P= Pee beth : _ ‘te [Bek Cosi + Jtosti od Uw Osh Gai — Joe} ta, Tebal Rave” Prom, Page NovasRawaine’s Easth Preseune tn Cohebve Soils’t - Ranikine’s Osigiral they wed . Gererally , Wi Conesmonvess Seals - i 7 o above theory Was extended ¢e. conesive S6ilb, by Resal C4949) ® Bel (1945) . he pootoa ef dipd tu conugt ga covth Poemune Cm J bp) 1S Some Colwsiontin Goel det Corestye Sells. Buk , a small dijon i. thir Content « “CPhentwegota ousent wn ® 2 Active Case. (B) + ~ | é O-fi-snd]. - 2C-bsP 4 Teng] Leng Cm) [eR eR POT Page No: 423.. ° : a & Fon Paemune Diba bation dor rte a + ” oll Xe fae f ere acim ote ' Se 2 he ee ~ te\ Jig H. | “pas 26 Th BR: ® tos lassive Prone t= . _ * acta ~The Game Condition, as gious pon de Peomane Ca @ Poe Kpwy +20 dhp - Po = tpt + 2c Vip wohwes = bp = £4 Sid) coy Taw (8). eer ay @ © fox Prone Debibtin (D> we ac ob LE 4 ll Dipl zeta when 726, — fpeaclip . 7 > Bho bpTH rac dip., foe Welt pac Wey >Covlencts. Way “eae ; Fn TETb, Coudorats desilefved © veatinod to edoarcine Awe Caos promo tv), l Me Congo Ako baie qe chabeg’ woedep ' tohich, 19 Jd » Usher yy, ro overran, 4 the : "Reroanaeg Wau. bole: chte + \ ae | fs _} \ ‘ ‘ L- he ae# : 2 Wwe PYDUD, a Iliye Coen.” Uo “haivg wee TOON " dovorwvand 4 cee “pulnend’ Sodativ BoP « oo . coed - An Passive (ogo, Avo fies wade yooes eS Py bree Condition, tw. Joloral promuse on the wall ts Payot 4 obposite to une Seackine * (ove. excited by the wall in b%con “to Weep the alidig wedge Ue eqpsilibnve , Assuaphins 2 |. The Coulombea wos: golloued oles assumpliong to onolysi a “tate 4 Uivbiny enyai loots mathed , 1) The hacky 18 “Bry, Cohasorum, HHorogenouny Feabropic & “Teeohy prostic moliaial « 2) The eltp Sugjace da a pore bugfale whith passes. tnoouds tho bee} 4 Wall « 8) y tho wall Curate’ is dwaghs The Resubtart: cosith frame on walk is incknd @ an ae to the Hural to the wally : a i > Anal Q| Facdiey blo Loa nary Page. No 45) “Ww tabiry a Neuf 0tty Oh 0 BUqw hide, : (ce. ‘ . : ji Cane a i ( om lone Nedive Vownuss an “coast CAMA PUB. Aue, Anurag of Cdvwatorton A Condibiv0 « h Sotairing ‘wall with an dined ud jel do Sebi ony pranutey tounyitt« ‘In obowe dees » @ Adve (a Ch), Wo Sliding Waele (App) rAbI ou rnd 4 the bodies (R) os Upwonds ob ty sinodival @ orn ong [vith the nisteca\ « ‘lors Yu ‘tid Veg (nor) 15, tonics gy Beqn - undey ony tabaiun — , r. —> Weiepb of + Poachion ‘cry ory the Up Luxjate, Wot o> Rearcion (a) chroie, Ya walls \ eS ' Paye Noidb,Py wr , Sine laws : : “J mS W 7 7 XQ) | thew 2+ Fa => Active Pournuse hl sd Weta ape on (R80) ; pew € N Now, Fi iy mf ‘ > inv. » Find “WY weigh g) wedge vn We Taba o> # (eet xng)xTe (®) Hed ; We Ex lumd. tery) | We L fort) (04+ Gee: ; Oren Be AGE: ® Toor x eq An . si) Stef asb— tap) = me q {b- Ao- _ el 4 ae SM ABSingdgp CMD a) c * eT eG. Solao-HiYNa, Sub ©; 6; @ d LY =a. rot (2448), Se 2A IS inca), | o0..Sin (piet-a8) 4 rn -Sinbre' 444) a Sint pt 3) Sim (dd . Ne rr one. P. : a) We gey ™ , ¢ Be + Ge), Asin Sub." Wo tay@), te detgeie B. P, Ot ws, >: Gant Sio (up) : © $1 (4B8 = Bt dag!) : 1 Pate ATW sin Corp) Sie can) fBntpre-s) “Sip Raa HeOB] SA . 1 (Ao-A4-L . Sin) Whe adtive Yomi forte (Bh) wil be marimar io. filuse pore motos an age) with the hatizonbl tO > The Ue Ja 1 £4) uit tie ope Py (Ha) obove béoe Soa Whew s. | : \ _ : Ko => Covlombs. Ackve Fast Poyuse » Te ial i) “8. Sinan = Cid 2 sip So(p- Oh + | EEEHE] Foge. No $48,Com @)% Coulombs Passive Presse Jn CONESIONLESS Sails C=O . Tn this Cose, who the passive Conditions duel + The {eile webee moves upwnsdg( 1) ee R ushich epost nani <4 J in down a) The Svackion (2) ots @ > fo the Neweal wn wh section (1). q Te swoctlon (Fe) ach @ Sa kenorrmal sin do Sitechion Cy). Note s- The vero Potdun to Coroptshy Coulomb's parive Promune 19 cindila, to On gor Prctive Cose - RT A P ip Sapo ER Fag,'No 49 .go : ~ wy Coulomies. Active Pawnuse for Contstve Sorrs' Co+0), coe eee ee Poow' ously 5 the Conenk wor clisuned “on. Cobestntes Sotl. cin Coulambs “taoly => How, tre Cottlomb wedge theory Can be Colosive Soils Coto), exended to - ‘ 7 ‘ag An Cohesionlen cols, “Voory wos Considysud a3 Bots. Cue, 2)- 2 But tio mon foes Wee * Comidening din Cobasive Soils (cto), dey. CO % Co), | C —> Colwive Toats aching on ita plod 28 EE Coy Adbosive Foster u : Back of bre Wall “To Totaly, they ane 5-(joaces ushich — Keap pe an days ibsiun . Noté:- — 2) Gometires , Uae ‘genultant [werause on tre uni is taken ay. mox va. ot fa woithout Combing E with” Ca BTn Cobusive Bcila Tension Cracks develip to 0 depth of 2c Tt Is evorall ued tok Gf binajon Gach No P geet om pte depts Ref SARs ina plas‘ I be Rehharm's Combe linn dom 2 Aelive pause rae a iy AGU, Rohkann be inverted ital. oth Odd tho “Tikal nation omar CPA) bey gpapi EE . ans baned 0° Ponce’ " Ta dah, Unin Thien 20 , Menor” 2 So, E14 noun a “Ponce eo | WAN Gorey ical Conalau clion 4 Keli bams:4 AN @ We tine ( Pp.) o isiaguen @ anglulp) to hojaabl re The Line GBD) ; % doown @ ota) with Une BD,, “JA wnown aa” Eanith UO. Hue @ “lhe ample (3p) 15 Bqpal bo (p- 8) > => (We prs) © hs Dersi — Croce (Bmp) 13 dawn ” “on Bd) en. diana) 6) The Line (an) 4 is coaun parallel to tei),[ A= Be @ Now, Sink ecirg te lie Bp @ Hs sa @ 4A Pesfrciub | HI HIM) is davon OH, * nkesecting the Seen @ aM . fage. No 124,@ With “BU Gaby 2 BM apr Sadiuy , ani AC 13. A9avsn ieny (ME) Tatssecting BD @ F. he The tw (EB 18 ‘doaen posalel to Bhs in secking Ground suafaa @LE) - ©) With LE) an canbe ‘on Sadiuy, an ase 1S. E F & tee) Ww, 8 7 doausn ty tnlasec Bp ON. The tin BE ovfo" Tre Gatto fotbow plane » Finally, The total “Betive Poomuse (Pia fue Fs Tx CAsoa ef TB NEP)) a “Gotec?B -Sin' (Bag!) i Sinty | [ETTOORD y B. As WE PB p> ha = Su'( Beg)Pes, Laceive Koolh Paaraure > “Rotrbanr’s Constinachion Can be used “Lhe etyeivelion of tre pomne paat’ Howewes din thin Casey the pe Hine dia dawn @ a mn ande—$ ast below hortaortal ) “to inascecl Ue exdinaion fron" Sipe @ port ‘D. 1 Ge (a Colman Combudlioo {es Active Poersuse,** Praviounley, wo Studied Rehbann ‘pep i to daly “De -Lhe possive dort pouinvee: ‘a, But, “Rebs Relhbanris condiudlion betorees inntonvionorly then clefe and. (4h) apprceches Bee onde @ | 4) Tn 1866, Cubenann “Joueleted ex moto , which 15 roo —gerad) than Relibany ¢ method. 2) IE Can be wed to deliamire Coulombs oy eee FPL Ground, Gueface to Contig uration y for Vosiows by hor 4 Surcharge? Hepda & dot et lia |85) J+ The Cubans | Condinibion 5 ‘Yo “method fe Comsbuction ¢ {ae ‘biangle dn a srotelid Osievlatie Foge No 23-Eoehoe gf Rinborls Combuction Teaty * 4) From point (B) > a kre BD 75 drawn @ an org (P) to hotaortal , \ ' DAs the woghb J te wedge 4s lad clang this __ ny trom on * Weapur fang” DA bine (BLY iS doaon ain onde. 9 with the line (BD) Such teb [y= p-s] whe > Rg tdhich the Bask dete at {> Arde: th Fostivn. BDA goiluoy Suapote (BF) is qssumed, & the weight lio) Be doth wedge ppp 15» Gmpsd 1) The toeight (a) of the wedp. 1s Hetiad along (BD), such ook (BP=W) \ DN bine (Pg) 15 draian rom port [P) poset to (BL) to dvlegsect the otluse Suyjae (oF @ 5) fage Nos 24. hotaortel ,6) The Lingth (PB) siefowoerts the magribide + RQ. Sequtioed “to maintain eqpilibaium ot the numad {rikwe Plane: D Severo} othe f-ailuae rol OF BFS ae 3, chery 08% onumed 2 Une Pootedure” iy Sefected » Thus the pois : Laas gt) they ang Cota» ' 8) Now, Q Smooth Conve 1S daawn ening the ports, Wao The Come is. “SCULMANIN’ LINE’ DA Lire (Dotted) 18 ascauon tongediiol to the Gulmann Live” & parallel to (80) “Te. the point LD is the * point ‘o| ‘angoety Aaythe, roogiitids “Ol. the Losepxt Vala (Bae) of (F) a rer ror Longer pewt (Tha the Line (8D a, pale en 42) Tk ig qual to “*couome's ALIVE PREcsuee (Ry). aN The sda) qchue plura hoes: Woorah the pint (T). The Culmenn & Totsh waedke. rected roqy aloo be. used: From 9 Soaten a Several {eta Bi Cosseshone{ing to the Vasiouy “bik Suafacen y @ Powue lotus (8°) 9° Calman Line te “Prrtive fou, 15 ' : ~The Cowemb: Pore Poeoue-da the inininuy Nealuo t frou. So Obtained + ee Rige Nos 25°T a4) tay “ ONiTIYCD WO | ay {puny PY 4 foge. Novas. “ommyna $= 89 Gemaed pera ampofPy Mop i ~~ a Mesa Nee Coa cas UD ae rly Cy ony a . : ¢ HP® remy eee “ore ML ay =A (Ciesqve1s9497) ass 5 anyetieg) i pig he £ Cguig- ryt o ay ap = ou ; “canipucy 7y © vanwacd 603, G% a S 3 Fy frenwmey AOA rey - aeoasttoay & _f (ronssag IBA) y Spay poral, = (197 FAL, Bunssayy Wav uo SATAWAOtPogeNo! as ; s-dh® 4 E » dy 3] NAO PINT] Rp PE suuoqury| +5 5 1g ee oy & | ssainersancy] Zw 2b ONE SqIMOOD) -g uogngnr@ ena . ul : pal Sap age i) . past estry dasty Supseexyduhyn oe. G95 niv04e7) 2dy fs er Faw dort ~ Por REMAN eT nls . dy & : ete | Pa “neec.) = »2gdy E poy 3% Sees], fosr ang) So=yuagn) Y= Ao eae d pranmge) THR EY! SRL -OY SauNeg) + gxdy (ep Py Sam Gorovitiy Retaining Wau. . = > Cartibver Retaining hlaw- =} Countgiet Rakaining klaw - Rage. Noi38.These Walle. defend fon tis wait TH Stobillhy. The walls om usually cobs 4 [Plain Contasle | oY) Masonare(] Such walle a9 0 eConomital fet lose. reighta . @ Sok Gposity Reining wale “The Sta Cd. the Section, Ba qPasly Sebinig wad roy be Seduced, if Smal arout sl 15 Teevided rood Are” back date Ss. e + S why — Walls ase Sang" eaty Retainieg Walls? ©) Copley Bearing al Corfiloves Retamiry Walls ase rode "RCC 4) Th walk Coniely thin : A _bave slab” Cast monolithically » : 2) Thin type qual (5 coud to be etonpmndal uplo beige df '6-Bion | Rago Noi34- eet:© Carteenle —Relisin, lal) + “The Counter on He Lo'ininy wall have Thin | Veticay Slabs ‘T4 AMoum a “oun es’ ‘Spoced econ thy eAllat Slera © meg opel ) The Counteg}oals Ug “lhe \raittal Stern with Che baoe Slab» 4) The vedital Sten 4 bea Slab Span 1S dios lootiucen the Couto IE —> The, hus pose Xt: paovidiey tho Cour fot 1S ‘lo Sedute the [SF & BMI valtiel fern & fase Shb- Ss The! Countegpat searing wally ane ecorpreical, qe eget mo an 6.6m + ’ - the i+ Nate cari oie on Ww Side Gf be Pd — eel t Retaining lal) Wall + », a To “Chock the Stabile 4 area ing ae. Thou, ore hy Condition + Thay oo —— 4) No _ Sliding » roe fee te 2): No — Overtivmi ro he ae ani 2) No Beosing Copacty Fale. eh qa 4 No Teniion » 7 Pome pied ey a 0,@ Neo Suding ¢ Te wall must be sxe againt Sing r= >a Ry Vesti cal Comporent, qR Rus Hostserbl pe Be F055 |. 4 . a Pe ening The wall ou be < sagin a about feoer [i> ate] a aime = Sum 4 seg rooment Cae Me. = Sum Ovestionng rnomur, abect Toe, wohege f+ The fous Covel by Ry @ tate the wall moat net Oxtod the alLawabk beasivg J te Set. S Page Noi.The PYemua — disbibstion @ he bare Le Omorel to be Uurotye “the rrantvrann prunavan ; = Rv (14 ge a cn se) Re 7 ait 6 Sate #9 allowable © No Terwien t Thee Should be “no tonaien ob the base t the Wall» : by the tiie When the Ceeersbri iby (e) > oy He ‘ doualch ——— a @ the bool, Teenie. 75 net dastonl The tne stent “gh the Sod ey Grell 2 be tanh Croek ‘would ‘duvelafy » - The edteckiue baw. anne 26 Medutod. Ln Suthalag, he motu Sing oa quer $e). Page Noi 3%