Name: Joudat Bilal

Reg Number: BME 173083

Section:02
Machine Design and CAD-1

DATE: December 30th, 2019

Submitted to: Sir Talha Jamal.

 Abstract

A line shaft is the rotating shaft part of a system of mechanical couplings

between the power source in a factory and the machines that do work. These
rotating shafts transmit mechanical energy. A line shaft is a power driven
rotating shaft for power transmission that was used extensively from the
Industrial Revolution until the early 20th century. Prior to the widespread use of
electric motors small enough to be connected directly to each piece of
machinery, line shafting are used to distribute power from a large central power
source to machinery throughout a workshop or an industrial complex. The
central power source could be a water wheel, turbine, windmill, animal power
or a steam engine. Power is distributed from the shaft to the machinery by a
system of belts, pulleys and gears.
A pulley is a wheel with a groove along its edge that holds a rope or cable.
Usually, two or more pulleys are used together. When pulleys are used together
in this way, they reduce the amount of force needed to lift a load. A crane uses
pulleys to help it lift heavy loads. Pulleys are one of the six simple machines. A
pulley is a rope wrapped around a wheel. It changes the direction of force. A
basic compound pulley has a rope attached to a stationary point looped around
one wheel and then around a second wheel. Pulling on the rope pulls the two
wheels closer together.

Steel Shaft

Calculations Of Projects
Q.A line shaft is driven by means of a motor placed vertically below it. The
pulley on the line shaft is 1.5 metre in diameter and has belt tensions 5.4 k N
and 1.8 k N on the tight side and slack side of the belt respectively. Both these
tensions may be assumed to be vertical. If the pulley be overhang from the
shaft, the distance of the centre line of the pulley from the centre line of the
bearing being 400 mm, find the diameter of the shaft. Assuming maximum
allowable shear stress of42 MPa.
Given:
D = 1.5 m
R = 0.75 m;
T1 = 5.4 k N
T1 = 5400 N;
T2 = 1.8 k N
T2 = 1800 N;
L = 400 mm;
τ = 42 MPa
τ = 42 N/mm2

Solution:
We know that torque transmitted by the shaft,
T = (T1 – T2) R
T = (5400 – 1800) 0.75
T = 2700 N-m
T = 2700 × 103 N-mm
Neglecting the weight of shaft, total vertical load acting on the pulley,
W = T1 + T2
W= 5400 + 1800
W= 7200 N
∴ Bending moment,
M=W×L
M= 7200 × 400
M= 2880 × 103 N-mm
Let d = Diameter of the shaft in mm.

We know that the equivalent twisting moment,

T e = √ (M 2 + T 2 )
T e = √ [(2880 × 10 3) 2 + (2700 × 10 3) 2]
T e = 3950 × 103 N-mm
We also know that equivalent twisting moment (Te),

(3950 × 10)2= (42Mpa (N-mm2) x π x d3)/16

d 3 = 3950 × 10 3/8.25 mm
d = 78 mm
d ≈ 80 mm

So the required shaft diameter will be a 80 mm .