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What Factors affect Education Quality in Higher Education?

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 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-2, Feb.-2018
http://iraj.in
WHAT FACTORS AFFECT EDUCATION QUALITY IN HIGHER
EDUCATION?
1
MARYAM YAGHOUBI, 2MOHAMMAD SALIMI, 3MOHAMMADREZA SOLTANI ZARANDI
1
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Center for Economics and Health Management, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Abstract- Assessing the work quality of faculty member as the teachers of higher education of the country is one of the most
important issues considering factors affecting the effectiveness of teaching. Hence, this study aimed to determine the factors
affecting the teaching quality.In the present review study conducted by systematic method, the studies during the years 2000-
2014 AD were collected, reviewed, systematized and then compared. Finally, 56 articles related to the purpose of the study
were identified and selected. The 56 selected articles were carefully studied and the factors effective in educational
evaluation of professors were extracted. Based on the systematic review results, 14 dimension have been effective in
educational evaluation of professors.

Key words- teaching quality, higher education

I. INTRODUCTION process which examines the professors' skill (13) and

The educational system has several elements and
each have their own special position. The main
elements in higher education are professors, students
and educational environment. Therefore disorder in
each of these three elements causes a drop in
educational quality (1-2). But none equal the element
“professor”. Through professor performance,
educational system applies its own role on learners,
therefore usefulness or sterilization of educaional
programs will depend on the action of the professor
(3). The role and function of a professor is
increasingly considered in recent years, because
professors must be responsive to both the needs of
students and the needs of society (4). University
lecturers are of the most basic capitals of universities
(5). University professors on one hand are
responsible for the correct transfer of scientific
concepts and on the other hand for human and
practical model of ethical values in work
environments (6). A good professor should have
numerous features to be able to gain the credibility
and reputation of an educational institution (7).
Therefore identifying the desirable characteristics of a
lecturer has a great importance and is prior to other
factors including recognition of learner (8). Behavior
and performance of professors in the educational
environment is judged by different groups.
Meanwhile because of direct participation in
educational situation, students have a closer
relationship than other judging factors and their kind
of attitude about the characteristics of a desirable
professor can have a significant impact in the learning
process (9). The evaluation subject of faculty
members by the students at the universities always
has been as a matter of discussion (10,11). Evaluation
of professors by students can be a valuable source for
improving educational quality (12). Evaluation is a
is considered as the most complex type of evaluation.
Checking the work quality of university lecturers as
teachers of higher education of the country is among
the most important issues that on the one hand
provides appropriate feedback in fundamental
decision makings, analysis of educational issues and
comprehensive and strategic planning for education
authorities and on the other hand put under
consideration the control over the content, classroom
management, communication with student, taking
advantage of educational skill and having appropriate
behaviors in class that each of them are of factors
influencing the effectiveness of teaching (14). Hence
this study aimed to determining the factors affecting
the teaching quality at one of Tehran universities.
II. DETAILS EXPERIMENTAL
In the present review study conducted in systematic
way, the studies published in English and Persian
during the years 2000-2014 in databases Science
Direct, Medline, SID, Springer and Proquest were
collected, reviewed, systematized and then compared.
The criteria for entry of researches into the present
study were as:1. Using the terms specified for the
title,2. Fulltext paper,3. Research conducted on
students or professors,4. The Paper language (English
or Persian)
2.1:The criteria for exclusion from study included:
1. Studies that reported only the abstract .2. The
population of the study were not student and
professor,3. Studies published in other languages
unfamiliar to researchers.The studies that qualify for
inclusion criteria of our study were coded. In general,
all full text studies have been reviewed and
compared. In addition, repetitive studies were put
aside. After removing articles not meeting the criteria
for entering the study, the full text of all articles

What Factors affect Education Quality in Higher Education?

85
 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926
http://iraj.in
meeting the criteria for entering this study were
prepared and reviewed in this review. In the next
step, the text of the articles were reviewed and their
results were extracted .The result of the search was
832 articles which the articles with the most
relevance to the study purposes were selected
according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For
this purpose, the titles of all articles were reviewed at
the first stage and 530 articles were excluded due to
the titles not related with research objectives and 54
articles due to being repeated.In the second step, the
abstract of 248 articles remaining from the previous
step were investigated and 192 articles further were
excluded from the study due to lack of reference to
professors evaluation. Finally, 56 articles related to
the research objectives were identified and selected.
The 56 selected articles were carefully studied and
The factors effective in educational assessment of
professors were extracted and summarized in the
table1.Based on the systematic review results, 50
factors effective in the evaluation of professors were
extracted and the 14 dimensions identified in the
professor's assessment ( table 1 ).
2.2:Extraction of data, variables and data
analysis:
For reviewing the articles, the "data extraction form"
designed by the researcher based on the purpose of
the research, was used. This form included some
sections of characteristics of each article: the author,
the year of publication, the purpose of the article, the
type of study, the method of conducting the study and
the results and outputs of the articles. At this stage,
two researchers participated for selecting the contents
and extracting the data. The main characteristics of
the studies and their results are summarized
according to the variables below.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1: factors affect education quality
What Factors affect Education Quality in Higher Education?
86
Volume-4, Issue-2, Feb.-2018
Different criteria can be considered in professor
evaluation and educational status, for example, in the
teaching process it is not only professor's experiences
and scientific views that are effective, but is his total
personality that is effective on creating conditions of
learning, change and transformation in learners. The
findings of Alavi and his colleague's study clarified
too that from the perspective of nursing students,
good personality, strong communication skill and
appropriate clinical skill are the most important
characteristics of clinical trainers (42). But in this
study only the issue of teaching quality is addressed
that includes items such as appropriate learning
resources, new scientific topics, proper expression,
appropriate lesson plans, etc.
Investigating the characteristics of of a good
professor from the students' perspective causes that
professor sees himself from view of others, evaluates
himself and try to improve himself, because one side
of quality is the function of audiences and observers'
opinion who themselves interpret the quality and
define it according to their views and opinion(43).
The item "During teaching, professor uses
appropriate educational assistive instruments" had a
low mean.
The importance of appropriate educational assistive
instruments is more in universities of medical
sciences and clinical environments. Attention to the
use of appropriate educational assistive instruments in
the clinical setting corresponds with the study of
Dehghani and colleagues (44), in which more than
71% of students were dissatisfied with clinical
educational assistive facilities. Studies have shown
that the trainers who are familiar with new teaching
methods play an important role in students learning
(45). Improving the teaching quality is not possible
except by reinforcement of scientific aspects and
using items such as eloquent expression. But in this
study "professor has provided an appropriate
explanation of the importance of lesson" has a mean
average. Although in the item " professors' verbal
skills and explain of course material was appropriate
" the studied university were better.
In this study, the professor's on-time presence in class
is noted in the item “Professor's teaching quality and
student learning is affected by the classes time”. Also
Richardson in a study showed that from the view of
medical science students, the availability of
professors and from the view of professors,
professor's on-time presence in classroom are of the
most important characteristics of a good
professor(46). Based on the results obtained, none of
the items examined in this study were desirable, but
all fields were at a medium level. Hence it is
necessary that interventional and educational
programs regarding the reinforcement of professors'
educational quality is designes by the university
studied.
 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-2, Feb.-2018
http://iraj.in
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