FORMULAE AND TABLES

Loading
1.2G + 1.5Q
AS 1170.1 Common Loading Combinations for Strength
0.9G + Wu

L2
One Way Slab > 2, where L2 > L1
L1

Equilibrium Equations and Quadratic Function

− b ± b 2 − 4ac
∑ Fx = 0 ∑ Fy = 0 ∑Mo = 0 x=
2a

Stability and Determinacy

r = 3n Statically Determinate

r ≥ 3n Statically Indeterminate

r < 3n Unstable

r ≥ 3n May be unstable if reactions concurrent or parallel or some components form a

collapsible mechanism

Truss Stability and Determinacy

b + r < 2j Unstable

b + r ≥ 2j May be unstable if truss support reactions are concurrent or parallel or some

components of the truss form a parallel collapsible mechanism

Load – Shear- Moment

dV
= w( x)
dx
dM
=V
dx
∆V = ∫ w( x)dx
∆M = ∫ V ( x)dx

d 2v M
=
dx 2 EI
Structural Analysis 268 Tables and Formulae

Macaulay Step Functions

M = M o [ x − a ]0
M = P [ x − a ]1
w
M = o [ x − a]2
2
m
M = [ x − a ]3
2

Moment Area Theorems

BM M
θB/ A = ∫ dx = Area diagram
AEI EI
B M BM M
tB / A =∫ x dx = x ∫ dx = x ( Area diagram)
A EI A EI EI

Slope Deflection
For an Internal Span or End Span with Far End Fixed – General Equation

2 EI 3∆ ∆ I
MN = (2θ N + θ F − ) + ( FEM ) N where = Ψ, = k
L L L L

Only For an End Span with Far End Pinned or Roller Support – Modified Equation

3EI ∆
MN = (θ N − ) + ( FEM ) N for M F = 0 and ( FEM ) F = 0
L L

The slope deflection equations may be expressed, for span AB, as:

2 EI AB 3∆
M AB = (2θ A + θ B − ) + ( FEM ) AB
L AB L AB
2 EI AB 3∆
M BA = (2θ B + θ A − ) + ( FEM ) BA
L AB L AB

Only For an End Span with Far End Pinned or Roller Support – Modified Equations

3EI ∆
M AB = ( θ A − ) + ( FEM ) AB for M BA = 0 and ( FEM ) BA = 0
L L
3EI ∆ ( FEM ) BA
M AB = ( θ A − ) + ( FEM ) AB − for M BA = 0 , ( FEM ) BA ≠ 0
L L 2
3EI ∆ ( FEM ) BA M
M AB = ( θ A − ) + ( FEM ) AB − + for M BA = M , ( FEM ) BA ≠ 0
L L 2 2

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Structural Analysis 268 Tables and Formulae

Moment Distribution
4 EI
Far end fixed K =
L

3EI
Far end roller or pinned supported K =
L

2 EI
Symmetric beam with Symmetric loading K =
L

6 EI
Symmetric beam with Anti-symmetric loading K =
L

K
Distribution Factor DF =
∑K
Distribution factor for fixed end, DF = 0

Distribution factor for pinned or roller supported end, DF = 1

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Structural Analysis 268 Tables and Formulae

COMMON PROPERTIES OF AREA

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Structural Analysis 268 Tables and Formulae

DIRECTIVES

Analyse Break something down to identify the main ideas and component
parts then show how they are related and why they are important.

Assess Work out the value

Compare Show both the similarities and the differences.

Contrast Compare by showing the differences.

Define Give the exact meaning.

Determine Find out

Discuss Examine, giving the details and the points for and against. You
must develop a logical argument backed by sound evidence.

Evaluate Give your judgement, after showing the advantages and

disadvantages.

Explain Make plain, interpret, and account for in detail.

Illustrate Explain or make it clear by concrete examples. Sometimes you

may use a figure or diagram.

Interpret Give the meaning. You give your own opinions, backed by
evidence.

Justify Show why you think it is right. Give reasons for your statement or
conclusion.

Outline Give a general summary of the main ideas, supported by

secondary ideas. Omit minor details.

Prove Show by argument or logic that is true. You must provide adequate
evidence.

Relate Show connections.

State Specify the main points in precise terms. Omit minor details.

Summarise Give a concise account of the main ideas. Omit details and
examples.

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Structural Analysis 268 Tables and Formulae

FIXED END MOMENTS

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Structural Analysis 268 Tables and Formulae

PRODUCT INTEGRAL TABLES