Chapter 10 Standard Costing: A Managerial Control Tool

A. Unit Standards
Standard Cost per Unit = Quantity Standard ×Price Standard
Tiga sumber potensial standar kuantitatif adalah sebagai berikut:
- Pengalaman sejarah
- Studi teknik
- Masukan dari personel pengoperasi
Types of Standard
- Ideal Standards : efisiensi maksimum hanya dapat dicapai jika semuanya berjalan
dengan sempurna
- Currently attainable standards : Standar yang dapat dicapai saat ini dapat dicapai
dengan pengoperasian yang efisien kondisi.
B. Standard Product Cost
- Standard quantity of materials allowed (SQ)
- Standard hours allowed (SH)
SQ= Unit Quantitty Standard × Actual Output
SH = Unit Labor Standard × Actual Return
C. Variance Analysis: General Description
Actual Cost = Actual Price per Unit × Actual Quantity
Planned Cost = Standard Price per Unit × Standard Quantity of Input Used
Total Variance = Actual Cost – Planned Cost
Price Variance = (AP-SP) × AQ
Usaga Variance = (AQ-SQ) × SP
D. Variance Analysis: Materials
Material Price Variance = (AP-SP) × AQ
Material Usaga Variance = (AQ-SQ) × SP
E. Variance Analysis: Direct Labor
Total Labor Variance = (Actual Hourly Wage Rate × Actual Direct Labor Hours Used) –
(Standard Hourly Wage Rate × Standard Hours Allowed)
Target Cost per Unit = Expected Sales Price per Unit – Desired Profit per Unit
F. Accounting for Variances
- Material Price Variance
Materials SP × AQ
Materials Price Variance (AP-SP) × AQ
Accounts Payable AP × AQ
- Material Usage Variance
Work in Process SP × SQ
Material Usage Variance (AQ-SQ) × SP
Materials SP × AQ
- Direct Labor Variances
 Work in Process SR × SH
Labor Efficiency Variance (AH-SH) × SR
Labor Rate Variance (AR-SR) × AH
Accrued Payroll AR × AH
- Disposition of Materials and Labor Variances
COGS
Materials Price Variance
Labor Efficiency Variance
Labor Rate Variance
Material Usage Variance
COGS