7.

2 Darwin's Theory

Darwin's book was called the ______________________ ____ ______________________

2 main points:

1)

2)

- he proposed that species spread to different habitats over millions of years –> in these habitats they
accumulated different modifications/adaptations to diverse environments
- he called this _______________________ __________ __________________________

- Darwin never used the word evolution

Mechanism of Evolution

- three main observations

a) Struggle for existence- resources in nature are limited/ species must compete for food, shelter,
sunlight, water, mates- some organisms are better équipped to use these resources - they will
survive and pass these traits to next generation.

b) Variation- differences among members of the same species - individuals with traits that are
beneficial to the environment will survive and pass on those traits to their offspring.

c) Environment- selects for traits in individuals that allow them to survive.

Theory of Natural Selection-

Natural Selection is a method for evolution the result is ________________________________

Natural Selection does not make a species better

Ecological Niche-
fittest-

Evidence for Evolution

1) Fossil Record

fossil record-

the deeper the layer in which the fossil is found-- the _____________________ the fossil

the oldest rocks are from _________________________________ dating back ___________ billion
years

the oldest prokaryotic fossils date back to _________________ billion years ago

it provides evidence of ______________________ of some species

limits to fossil record →

2) Geographic Distribution

Galapagos finches- finches on different islands were from _______ species → they became
geographically isolated and ________________differently

- similar species on different continents--> these species were exposed to similar

_____________________________ pressures and thus developed similar
___________________________

3) Comparative Anatomy

similarites in structures

a) Homologous Structures-- similar structures that share a ___________________ ancestor

- same _____________________ different _____________________

ex.

b) Vestigial Structures- remnants of structures that may have had an important

___________________________
ex.

c) Analogous Structures- ________________________ shape , similar _______________________

ex.

4) Comparative Development

- compare the development of embryos in different species → they go through the same stages

5) Molecular Biology

compare sequences of DNA between species – the more ____________________ and

__________________ 2 species share the more ____________________ related they are

what did the molecular study of hemoglobin show?

What did the molecular study of cytochrome C show?

Artificial Selection-

how did this help support the Natural Selection theory?

How does antibiotic resistance show natural selection?