List of dualities

Contents
Mathematics
Philosophy and religion
Science: Engineering
Science: Physics
Economics and finance
References

Mathematics
In mathematics, a duality, generally speaking, translates concepts, theorems or mathematical structures into
other concepts, theorems or structures, in a one-to-one fashion, often (but not always) by means of an
involution operation: if the dual of A is B, then the dual of B is A.

Alexander duality
Alvis–Curtis duality
Artin–Verdier duality
Beta-dual space
Coherent duality
De Groot dual
Dual abelian variety
Dual basis in a field extension
Dual bundle
Dual curve
Dual (category theory)
Dual graph
Dual group
Dual object
Dual pair
Dual polygon
Dual polyhedron
Dual problem
Dual representation
Dual q-Hahn polynomials
Dual q-Krawtchouk polynomials
Dual space
Dual topology
 Dual wavelet
Duality (optimization)
Duality (order theory)
Duality of stereotype spaces
Duality (projective geometry)
Duality theory for distributive lattices
Dualizing complex
Dualizing sheaf
Eckmann–Hilton duality
Esakia duality
Fenchel's duality theorem
Hodge dual
Jónsson–Tarski duality
Lagrange duality
Langlands dual
Lefschetz duality
Local Tate duality
Opposite category
Poincaré duality
Twisted Poincaré duality
Poitou–Tate duality
Pontryagin duality
S-duality (homotopy theory)
Schur–Weyl duality
Series-parallel duality[1][2]
Serre duality
Spanier–Whitehead duality
Stone's duality
Tannaka–Krein duality
Verdier duality
Grothendieck local duality

Philosophy and religion

Dualism (philosophy of mind)
Epistemological dualism
Dualistic cosmology
Soul dualism
Yin and yang

Science: Engineering
Duality (electrical circuits)
Duality (mechanical engineering)
Observability/Controllability in control theory
Science: Physics
Complementarity (physics)
Dual resonance model
Duality (electricity and magnetism)
Englert–Greenberger duality relation
Holographic duality
Kramers–Wannier duality
Mirror symmetry
3D mirror symmetry
Montonen–Olive duality
Mysterious duality (M-theory)
Seiberg duality
String duality
S-duality
T-duality
U-duality
Wave-particle duality

Economics and finance

Convex duality[1][2]

References
1. Ellerman, David Patterson (1995-03-21). "Chapter 12: Parallel Addition, Series-Parallel
Duality, and Financial Mathematics" (https://books.google.com/books?id=NgJqXXk7zAAC&pg
=PA237). Intellectual Trespassing as a Way of Life: Essays in Philosophy, Economics, and
Mathematics (http://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/IntellectualTrespassingBoo
k.pdf) (PDF). The worldly philosophy: studies in intersection of philosophy and economics. G -
Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series (illustrated ed.). Rowman &
Littlefield Publishers, Inc. pp. 237–268. ISBN 0-8476-7932-2. Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20160305012729/http://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/IntellectualTrespa
ssingBook.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2019-08-09. "[…] When
resistors with resistance a and b are placed in series, their compound resistance is the usual
sum (hereafter the series sum) of the resistances a + b. If the resistances are placed in parallel,
their compound resistance is the parallel sum of the resistances, which is denoted by the full
colon […]" [1] (https://web.archive.org/web/20150917191423/http://www.ellerman.org/Davids-St
uff/Maths/sp_math.doc) (271 pages)
2. Ellerman, David Patterson (May 2004) [1995-03-21]. Introduction to Series-Parallel Duality (htt
p://www.ellerman.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Series-Parallel-Duality.CV_.pdf) (PDF).
University of California at Riverside. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.90.3666 (https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/vie
wdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.90.3666). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190810011716/
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.90.3666&rep=rep1&type=pdf) from
the original on 2019-08-10. Retrieved 2019-08-09. "The parallel sum of two positive real
numbers x:y = [(1/x) + (1/y)]−1 arises in electrical circuit theory as the resistance resulting from
hooking two resistances x and y in parallel. There is a duality between the usual (series) sum
 and the parallel sum. […]" [2] (http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.90.366
6&rep=rep1&type=pdf) (24 pages)

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