CHUCHE MARIE S.

TUMARONG BSN-1 B

1. How did Louis Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation?

- Method: Louis Pasteur who firmly disproved the theory of spontaneous

generation through his experiment called the swan-neck flask. This kind of

flask permitted the air to get into the flask, however, the airborne

microorganisms were prevented to enter in the said flask. This experiment

of his undergoes two ways: First, he boiled the broth in the flask in order to

sterilize it. Eventually, this broth was cooled and was evidently persisted by

the non-occurrence of contamination. Second, he brought to boil the flask

with the broth inside and was broken off in its neck, thus, an occurrence of

contamination was seen in the experiment of his.

- Summary: With his popular swan-neck flask experiment, Louis Pasteur is

acknowledged with conclusively disproving the theory of spontaneous

generation. He went on to say that "life only comes from life.” Pasteur

launched a set of flasks with long, curved/bend and twisted necks (named

as the "swan-neck" flasks) wherein the sterilized broth by boiling it. His

structure enabled air inside the flasks to access an entry with air from the

outside while preventing the incorporation of airborne microorganisms that

would get trapped in the flasks' bended neck. If a life force, other than

airborne microorganisms, were accountable for the existent growth of

microorganisms in the sterilized flasks, it would have expose to the broth

 but not the microorganisms. He was right in his prediction that sterilized

broth in swan-neck flasks would stay sterile if the necks of the flask will

remain intact.

2. Explain why life could not exist without the activities of microorganisms?

- Life will cease to exist because without the beneficial abilities of the

microorganisms, there will be no one to maintain our health and well-being

as they contribute to the development of our immune system such that they

inhabit in our large intestine helping to digest foods that we intake and

produce vitamins, the building up of wastes will be possible as they help in

breaking down any dead materials to be recycled back as a usable one in

our biosphere, the food production that is much needed will not be possible

because they are the one responsible for making cheese, bread, antibiotics,

and other products. In addition, Microorganisms have applications and

advantages in any field of human life. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi – if

applied properly – are essential components in food, medicine, agriculture,

and other fields. They could also become the key components of

infrastructure and other emerging technologies in the near future.

3. If you were asked to nominate one of the individuals mention in the history of

microbiology for the Nobel Prize, who would it be? Make statement supporting your

choice.

- If I were to choose among individuals to be candidate for the Nobel Prize,

it would be Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. Aside from creating a microscope in

 his own design, he is well-known for causing a significant shift in the course

of science that led to the introductory of what we know now as Microbiology.

Prior to his discovery, he then was attempting to find out why pepper is spicy

through the idea of immersing it in water for three weeks. He did not get

what he desired. Rather, he discovered small moving living organisms that

were later labelled as bacteria. This discovery marked the transition of

scientific observations from large to small scale. He drew attention to

microscopic organisms such as bacteria, microbes, and cells.

4. Why would archae that grow in extreme environment be more intensely studied

than those do not?

- Archaea enable to adapt in the distinctive facets of extremities like cold, hot,

acidic, salinity and many other extreme conditions/environments that

provides a benefit in mutualistic relationship between other living organisms

which means they allow some living organisms to survive within. In fact,

living organisms must obtain an organic material to produce energy. To

make this possible, most of archaea can avail oneself of inorganic materials

(like hydrogen and carbon dioxide) to be able to create itself an organic

matter which then can be use by the needing living things.