ACTIVITY OUTPUT

Competency Assessment No. 1

Name: MANANGAN, JOHN ERICK B. Date: 25 JULY 2021

Subject: CRIM 6 Section: BSCRIM E2018

1. Define Conflict and its variations.

A conflict is defined as a clash between individuals from a difference in
thought process, attitudes, understanding, interests, requirements and
sometimes perception. It always results in heated arguments, physical
abuses, and definitely loss of peace and harmony. Conflicts are
frequently unconscious, in that the individual is unable to pinpoint the
source of his discomfort. There are two types of conflict: Internal conflict
and external conflict. Internal conflict occurs when a character struggles
with their own opposing desires or beliefs. Conflicting issues against
oneself such as problems, issues and or questions. There are eight sorts
of internal conflicts, each of which addresses a distinct part of our
innermost emotional experiences: Moral Conflict, Sexual Conflict,
Religious Conflict, Political Conflict, Love Conflict, Self-Image Conflict,
Interpersonal Conflict, and Existential Conflict are all examples of
conflict. (Wiest, 2018). External conflict on the other hand, deals with
character against external forces or conflicts that exist in the outside
world or which generally takes place between a person and someone or
something else, such as nature, another person or persons, or an event
or situation. We will take an example of literature. In Romeo and Juliet,
Romeo finds himself in an external conflict with Juliet's cousin Tybalt.
He kills Tybalt, leading to additional conflict as Juliet's family sees him
as a murderer.

2. Enumerate the Conflict Theories and define each.

Conflict theory states that tensions and conflicts arise when resources,
status and power are unevenly distributed between groups in society and
that these conflicts become the engine for social change. So how do these
conflicts lead to social change? When a part of society changes, it causes
conflict with other elements of society. Cultural lag generates social
transformation and conflict. Social change causes parent-child conflict.
Conflict is a manifestation of social instability. As Howard Zinn quotes
“There is no act too small, no act too bold. The history of social change is
 the history of millions of actions, small and large, coming together at
critical points to create a power that governments cannot suppress.”
Conflicts will emerge impeccably, resulting from social transformation
either good or negative. Theories presented and elaborated below
correlates with Dispute Resolution and Crisis/Incidents Management:

1. Feminist Theory - An approach that recognizes women’s political,

social and economic equality to men. One example would be Betty
Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique. The problem that "laid buried,
unacknowledged" in the suburban housewife's mind was boredom
and unfulfillment. Women who were told they had it all -- nice
houses, wonderful children, respectable husbands-were too
socially conditioned to see their own desperation, she said.
2. Critical Race Theory - An approach to social philosophy that
focuses on reflective assessment and critique of society and culture
and order to reveal and challenge power structure.
3. Postmodern Theory and Postcolonial Theory - An approach that
is critical of modernism with a mistrust of grand theories and
ideologies.
4. Queer Theory - A growing body of research finding that challenges
the heterosexual bias in Western society.
5. Post-structural Theory - Is the literal philosophical work that
both builds upon and rejects ideas within structuralism, the
intellectual project that preceded it.
6. Theories of Globalization and World Systems - Is a
multidisciplinary, macro-scale approach to world history and
social change which emphasizes the world-system (and not nation
states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis.
7. Race-Conflict approach - A point of view that focuses on equality
and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic
categories.

3. In summary, we discussed the five (5) Conflict Resolution Strategies of

TKI Conflict Strategies.
Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann (2015) developed five conflict
resolution strategies Thomas Kilmann Instrument or more generally
known as TKI Conflict Strategies that people use to handle conflict,
including avoiding, defeating, compromising, accommodating, and
collaborating. In such conflict situations, an individual’s behaviour can
be described along two dimensions: Assertiveness, or the extent to which
the person attempts to satisfy his own concerns and Cooperativeness,
the extent to which the person attempts to satisfy the other person’s
concerns. In my own understanding based on our given module, there
are five Conflict Resolution strategies:

1. Avoiding - It's passive and unhelpful. One neither pursues one's

own nor the other's interests. So he avoids it. Avoiding can be as
simple as avoiding a situation or as complex as diplomatically
avoiding it.
2. Competing - This is abrasive and uncooperative behavior. An
individual pursues his or her personal interests at the detriment of
another. This is a power-oriented style in which you utilize
whatever power is suitable to gain your own position, whether it be
your ability to debate, your rank, or economic sanctions.
3. Accommodating - This is passive-aggressive and cooperative.
Competing is the polar opposite of cooperating. When
accommodating, the individual disregards his own interests in
order to meet the needs of the other person; there is an element of
self-sacrifice in this style.
4. Collaborating - It is forceful as well as cooperative, which is the
polar opposite of avoiding. Collaborating entails attempting to
collaborate with others to develop a solution that adequately
addresses their concerns.
5. Compromising - It has a balanced level of assertiveness and
cooperativeness. The goal is to develop a quick, mutually
acceptable solution that somewhat satisfies both sides. It is
somewhere in the between of competing and welcoming.
Compromise sacrifices more than contending but less than
accommodating.