Cagayan de Oro College PHINMA Education Network

College of Allied Health Sciences

Nursing Department
BSN-3 Medical Surgical Nursing Activity Sheet
2nd Semester, Periodical 1, S.Y. 2020-2021

NAMES:__________MAMBUAY, IRIS JUNE F.__________________________________________ DATE:_02/09/2021______

SECTION:__C1-01___________ C.I:_MS. PHOEBE JAENN TAN, RN_________
CONSTIPATION CONCEPT MAP

CONSTIPATION CLINICAL MANIFEFSTATIONS

RISK FACTORS
3 TYPES  Fewer than 3 bowel
 Women (particularly pregnant) Defined as fewer than three bowel movements
movements per week
 Non-caucasians weekly, bowel movements that are hard, dry, small 1. Functional – not enough
or difficult to pass; this is a symptom rather than a  Abdominal distention
 Older adults (due to atony of the abdominal muscles) fluid intake & fiber in diet
disease but can indicate an underlying disease or  Eliminating of small-volume,
 Those who have had surgery 2. Slow-transit – inherent COMPLICATIONS
motility disorder of the GI tract lumpy hard stools
 Lower socioeconomic status disorder of the motor
 Increased arterial pressure  Syncope
 Certain drugs (anticholinergics, antidepressants, function of the colon
3. Defecatory disorder – (Hypertension)  Decreased cardiac output
anticonvulsants, antispasmodics, calcium channel
dysfunctional motor  Orthostasis  Fecal impaction
coagulants, diuretics, opioids, aluminium & calcium
ASSES/DX
antacids and iron preparations) coordination between the  Fecal incontinence
 Dietary habits (low fiber & inadequate fluid intake  Patient history
pelvic floor and the  Hemorrhoids
S/SX
 Patients with emphysema and spinal cord injury  Physical examination
sphincter; can cause fecal  Anal fissures
 incontinence  Rectal prolapse
Lack of exercise  Barium enema  Colicky mid-abdominal
 Stressful life  Sigmoidoscopy  Megacolon/atonic colon that pain or lower abdominal
 Chronic enema, laxative & suppository abuse  Stool examination (FOBT)
may lead to perforation of pain
 IBS and IBD  Anorectal manometry
the bowel  Pressure in the abdomen
 Defecograaphy  Sensation of incomplete
evacuation
 Straining at defecation
NURSING DIAGNOSES
MANAGEMENT  Dizziness
 Constipation related to irregular defecation habits MEDICAL NURSING
 Chronic functional constipation related to
 Routine exercise  Providing patient education that reflect medical management
insufficient fluid and dietary fiber intake
 Bowel habit training  Set goals for the patient such as restoring or maintaining a regular
 Bowel incontinence related to incomplete
 Judicious use of laxatives pattern of elimination by utilizing gastrocolic reflex after breakfast
emptying of the bowel
  Instruct patient to ensure adequate fluid intake and high-fiber food
 Risk for impaired skin integrity related to alteration Replace medications that could cause or
in metabolism exacerbate constipation  Teach patient methods to avoid constipation such as responding
 Utilize gastrocolic reflex immediately in urge to eliminate
 Anxiety related to health status of having
constipation  Relieve anxiety by practicing relaxation techniques and deep-breathing