1. What is cement?

Cement is a fine gray powder that is mixed with water and other
substances to make mortar or concrete. It is a key building
material in both residential and commercial construction work.
Contents of cement and manufacture.

Manufacture includes limestone , shell, chalk, shale , clay , slate

etc .
All these substances are heated at high temperature and
powdered cement.
Types of cement

1.Portland Cement is a type of cement.

It is a basic ingredient of concrete, made using a chemical
combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron and small
amounts of other ingredients to which gypsum is added in the
final grinding process to regulate the setting time of the
concrete.

There are another 5 sub divisions.

I. TYPE 1 : General cement .

II. TYPE 2 :for structures in water or soil , or when heat
build-up is a concern.
III.TYPE 3:For structures that requires high strength.
IV .TYPE 4 : Used where the amount and rate of heat
generation must be kept to a minimum.
V.TYPE 5:Used where the water or soil is high in alkali.

SAND

What is sand?
Sand is a loose, fragmented, naturally-occurring material
consisting of very small particles of decomposed rocks, corals,
or shells.

What is sand used for?

Sand is used to provide bulk, strength, and other properties to

construction materials like asphalt and concrete. It is also used
as a decorative material in landscaping.

Types of sand used in construction

1. Concrete sand

2. Pit sand

3. River sand or Natural sand

4. M-sand

5. Utility sand

6. Fill sand

MORTAR
Mortar is a mixture of sand and cements that is most often
used to build brick or block walls. 

Mortar can be made in one of two ways. The older method is to take

portland cement, add hydrated lime and mix with fine sand. The newer
method is use masonry cement and fine sand.
The different types of mortar are represented by the letters: M,
S, N, and O
Different mixtures provide different characteristics, suchas
compressive strength,
flexibility,
and bonding properties.

Types of mortar in construction

Cement mortar

Mud mortar

Lime mortar

Special mortars