TUBE LIGHTS

A N I N T E R I O R S O L U T I O N
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION

2. COMPONENTS

3. TYPES

4. END OF THE ROAD

5. ROAD TO A BUILDING MATERIAL

6. INFERENCE

7. CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Fluorescent light bulbs use electricity to heat up
an element inside a glass container full of inert
gas and produce light as a result. Fluorescent
bulbs heat a liquid element, turning it into a gas
that kicks off a light-producing chemical reaction.
Because the liquid doesn't burn away like
tungsten, it allows the fluorescent bulb to burn
longer. Each component in the CFL bulb, which
includes the lighting element, the bulb coating
and the covering, all do their part in this process
COMPONENTS
LIGHT IT UP
Fluorescent light bulbs use small amounts of
liquid mercury as their lighting element, in
addition to argon, which is an inert gas that helps
to regulate the flow of electricity within the bulb
and maintain the amount of light produced by the
mercury. When switched on, the electricity
flowing through the bulb heats and vaporizes the
mercury. When the excited mercury atoms settle
down, they give off ultraviolet (UV) light, which
reacts with the bulb's coating to create visible
light.
COAT COCKTAILS
In order to convert the UV light given off by the
mercury into visible light, the insides of
fluorescent light bulbs are coated in a thin layer
of phosphor – specifically, a blend of mixed
phosphates. The phosphor layer blocks most of
the ultraviolet light and what remains is emitted
as visible light. Depending on the desired light
color, the blend of phosphates in the coating can
change. Different blends can produce red,
yellow, blue, and green light in addition to white.
COVER IT UP
Depending on the make and model, certain
fluorescent light bulbs have a glass or plastic
cover placed over them in order to make the
bulb appear more like a familiar incandescent
light bulb. This cover is purely cosmetic and
often increases the time it takes for the bulb
to warm up and achieve its full brightness.
However, these covers can be tinted to further
customize the color and warmth of the light
produced by the bulb.
TYPES
END OF THE ROAD
Once the CFL bulb burns out it needs to be
disposed off carefully because of the presence of
small quantities of mercury.

There are specialized plants which recycle these

burned out bulbs.

The mercury is extracted and reused for other

bulbs while rest of the materials are recycled.

The sad part being most of the times these bulbs

are mixed with the general waste and end up in
landfills.
FOR A CHANGE
The CFL bulbs are a unique way of creating
facades, ceiling hangings and artworks
because of the wide variety of shapes, sizes,
colours its available in.

Due to its heavy use acquiring it isn’t

difficult.

The opaque and semitransparency of CFL

bulbs.
 INFERENCE

A D VA N T A G E S D I S A D VA N T A G E S

• Easy to acquire • Presence of mercury

• The glass casing can be utilized

• The difference of transparency and colours

of the casing

• The aluminum ends of the bulb

• logistics
CONCLUSION
• The use of burned out CFL bulbs as a design element can only be after the proper removal
of the mercury from the bulb.

• Or by properly encasing the CFL with a protective coating to prevent its breaking
TRAIN COACHES
A STRUCTURAL SOLUTION
INDEX

1. CONSTRUCTION

2. CLASSES AND UTILITIES

3. END OF THE ROAD

4. ROAD TO A BUILDING MATERIAL

5. INFERENCE

6. CONCLUSION
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
COACH PLAN AND LAYOUT
COACH TYPES AND
UTILITIES
CLASS COACH
1A AC first class: There are eight cabins (including two coupes) in full AC first class coach and three cabins
(including one coupe) in the half AC first class coach. This air-conditioned coach can carry 18 (full coach) or
10 passengers (half coach). Each compartment has a door which passengers can lock from inside and there are
no side upper or side lower berths in 1A coaches. Compartment are having 2 berths (1 lower + 1 upper) are
called coupe and 4 berths (2 lower + 2 upper)
2A AC two tier: These air-conditioned coaches have sleeping berths across eight bays. Berths are usually
arranged in two tiers in bays of six: four across the width of the coach and two lengthwise across the corridor,
with curtains along the corridor. A coach can carry 48 or 20 passengers.
3A AC three tier: Air-conditioned coaches with 64 sleeping berths. Berths are similar to 2A, but with three tiers
across the width and two lengthwise for eight bays of eight. usually with no reading lights or curtains.
3E AC three tier : Air-conditioned coaches with sleeping berths. Berths are usually arranged as in 3A, but with
three tiers across the width and three lengthwise.
EC Executive chair car: An air-conditioned coach with spacious seats and legroom. With four seats in a row
CC AC chair car: An air-conditioned coach with five seats in a row. Air-conditioned double-deck coaches.
SL Sleeper class: each coach with 9 bays. They are sleeping coaches with 6 (3+3) berths across the width and 2
(1+1) lengthwise in every bay, without air-conditioning. They carry 72 passengers per coach. There are 4
shared toilets per coach, on each end.
END OF THE ROAD
A normal rail coach belonging to the Indian
railways is actioned off after 25 years of
active service.

The auctioned off coaches sold as scrap and

are usually torn down and the steel, iron,
glass are recycled or reused.

The older coaches belonging to the earlier

years or having historic importance are
retained or bought by collectors.
FOR A CHANGE
Over the years the Indian railways and other individuals around India have
realized the potential of these old carriages and putting it to a better use.
• With the no of active covid positive patients on the rise and most of the intensive care units filling up the
Indian railways had converted a large no of its railway coaches into fully functional intensive care units

• The Telangana government have converted the old and unused coaches into temporary shelter for the
homeless during the winters

• the eastern railways due to change in the rail gauge had to recall their fleet of coaches and have decided
to auction it off to willing individuals to be converted to private spaces

• And finally Indian railways has the worlds first hospital train The Lifeline Express a seven coach train
that started its operation on 16th July of 1991. it’s a fully functional medical unit consisting of two
operation theaters a dental unit, a x-ray unit, ophthalmology unit, 6 bed recovery unit, 12 berth staff
quarters, water recycling and purifying plant, fully functional pantry units, a large multi functional
auditorium space to name a few. The main objective being to educate and provide free medical service
across the rural areas of India.
CONCLUSION
• A space doesn’t mean anything unless it tells a story or was part of one.

• With the rail being so close to the university being close to the tracks and the rails being
the primary mode of transportation for majority of the students since its cheap and faster
due to poor traffic management in Chennai and slow moving traffic.

• There will always be a story to tell associated with a railway coach.

• And with such a sound , versatile and fully functional units which can be used as a space
as it is, why scrap it off.
Rail Coach Restaurant -
Shaan-E-Bhopal Express
L I T E R AT U R E S T U D Y
A rail coach restaurant has been started by
MP Tourism in Bhopal in March-2007. It's
named after the Shaan-E-Bhopal Express.