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Table of Contents
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1. Introduction......................................................................................................................3
2. Oracle Fusion Approval Management Key components Overview.....................................4
2.1 Oracle SOA Approval Management Extension (AMX)..............................................................4
2.2 Oracle Business Process Management (BPM)..........................................................................6
2.3 Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management.............................................................................7
3. Approval Key Concepts.....................................................................................................8
3.1 List Builders.............................................................................................................................8
3.1.1 Supervisor Hierarchy.................................................................................................................................8
3.1.2 Job Levels...................................................................................................................................................9
3.1.3 Position Hierarchy...................................................................................................................................10
3.1.4 Approval Groups......................................................................................................................................11
3.1.5 Resource..................................................................................................................................................11
3.2 Participant.............................................................................................................................13
3.2.1 Types of Participants...............................................................................................................................13
3.2.2 Payables implementation of participant model......................................................................................15
3.2.3 Key considerations:.................................................................................................................................19
3.2.4 Use Cases and its implementation using the participant types:.............................................................20
5. Considerations................................................................................................................49
6. Approval Notifications....................................................................................................55
o BPM Worklist – My Tasks..........................................................................................................55
o Email Notifications....................................................................................................................55
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1. Introduction
An invoice is a commercial document issued by a seller to the buyer, indicating the products,
quantities and agreed prices for the goods or services the seller has provided to the buyer. An
invoice indicates the buyer must pay the seller, according to the payment terms. One of the
most important and difficult aspect in paying an invoice is to verify the invoice details and
obtain approvals from relevant or appropriate approvers. It also enables organizations to review
their internal processes and controls to prevent any frauds or scandals that may arise due to the
lack of such controls. Such controls are implemented in modern ERP applications using
workflow functionality.
In this document we discuss in detail the invoice approvals workflow functionality in Oracle
Fusion Payables and also discuss in detail various feature available for customers to implement
their approval policy for payables invoices. Oracle Fusion Payables uses Oracle SOA – Approval
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2. Oracle Fusion Approval Management Key components Overview
Approval management in Fusion applications is comprised of several key components that are
integrated seamlessly for delivering end to end and robust approval workflow functionality.
Using the approval management functionality you can define complex and multi-stage routing
rules.
Oracle SOA Approval Management is also called as Approval Management Extension (AMX) in
performance many key integrated tasks for approval functionality to work. Some of the key
Integrated with Fusion Human Capital Management (HCM) to derive approvers based on
the Supervisory, Job Role and Position based hierarchies defined in the HCM
Provides framework for defining approval rules for various business documents like
Payables Invoices
Provides ability to select complex routing patterns based on your business processes
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2.2 Oracle Business Process Management (BPM)
Oracle BPM provides an interface called BPM Worklist application for business users to perform
web-based application that displays all worklist tasks assigned to the business users and
they can perform various approval related actions on the tasks assigned to them. Using
this application users can drilldown to the task assigned to them for example an
approver can drilldown to the payables invoice approval notification (task) to see the
invoice details like header amount, line details, line amounts etc., and can perform
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Provides an interface to setup and manage approval rules
Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management is used for defining various employee hierarchies
like Supervisory, Job based or Position based. AMX integrates with HCM to derive the
required approvers if approval rules are configured based on the HCM hierarchies.
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3. Approval Key Concepts
List builder is the way AMX builds the list of approvals required for a transaction based on the
rule condition. Each approval rule will be associated with the list builder for generating the list of
approvers. For Payables invoice approvals following list builders are supported
o Supervisory
o Job Level
o Position
o Approval Group
o Resource
Approvals can be setup based on the employee supervisory hierarchy, which is defined in Oracle Fusion
Human Capital Management. Employees must be setup in Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management
with appropriate jobs and supervisors. For example, Clerk reports to Manager and who reports to
Director
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Director
Manager
Clerk
Clerk, reports to
Manager, reports to
Director
For complete details on setting up the employee supervisory hierarchy, refer to the Oracle Fusion Human
Job level routings are based on the supervisory hierarchy defined in Oracle Fusion Human Capital
Management. Employees must be setup in Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management with appropriate
job levels and supervisors. For example, Jon Rogers, Clerk reports to Mark Smith, manager and who
The approval list will be generated based on the starting position specified in a rule and continuing until
an approver with a sufficient job level is found. The supervisory hierarchy needs to be defined along with
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Robert Wood
(Level 4)
ager
Mark Smith
(Level 2)
Jon Rogers
(Level 1)
Administrative Assistant
Jon Rogers, Clerk (Job Level 1), reports to
Mark Smith, Manager (Job Level 2), reports to
Robert Wood, Director (Job Level 4)
For complete details on setting up job levels and assigning job levels to employees, refer to the Oracle
Organizations can also choose to route the requisition approvals based on the position hierarchy defined
in Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management. The position hierarchy needs to be defined, and the
General Manager
Regional Manager
Store Manager
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For complete details on setting up the position hierarchy, refer to the Oracle Fusion Human Capital
Management application.
An approval group consists of static predefined set of users configured to act on a task. Depending on
the participant type defined, approval tasks are routed to an approval group in serial or in parallel mode.
For example you can create an approval group called ‘Finance Group’ comprising of users from finance
New Approval Groups can be created, or existing approval groups can be edited from the Approvals
1. Click on Administration
2. Click on Approval Groups
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3.1.5 Resource
Using Resource list builder you can build the approvers list by using a specific user, group duty role, or an
application role. Resource list builder is one of the easiest ways to build the approvers list.
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3.2 Participant
A participant is a user or set of users who are participating in the approval process and their routing
policy in the process. Each participant is associated with a single rule set. Approval rules are defined in
the context of rule set and you can create many rules under one rule set. Based on their approval
requirements customers need to configure the approval rules in the context of a participant.
Participant Description
Serial This participant indicates that approvers must work in sequence. This is
after another.
Parallel This participant indicates that a set of people must work in parallel. For
example while using this participant invoice is assigned to all the users
at the same time and the invoice gets approved only when all the users
approves it. Even if one of the users rejects it invoice will get rejected.
This participant indicates that task will be assigned to set of people in parallel and task outcome is
Single
decided by response any one of the user. In common parlance this participant is equivalent to ‘First
Responder wins’ scenario. For example if invoice approval notification sent to multiple users and if any
one of the user approves or rejects the invoice then invoice task gets completed with respective status.
This participant indicates that the users will just receives a notification for information purpose and the
FYI
business process does not wait for the participant's response. Users cannot perform any actions on the
FYI notifications.
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3.2.2 Payables implementation of participant model
For invoice approvals configuration you need to use task ‘FinAPInvoiceApproval’ for approval rules
configuration. This task includes participants for the both invoices and invoice requests.
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For Fusion Payables approvals we have total 16 seeded participants defined. The figure below shows the
pre-defined participant model for Fusion Payables invoice approvals. Out of 16, participants 1 to 5 are
related to the Invoice Requests and participants 6 to 16 are related to the Invoices.
This participant model is designed to support both parallel and sequential mode of approvals.
- Parallel Mode: When the participants are in parallel mode the task gets assigned and the
notifications will go to all the participants at once in parallel.
- Sequential Mode: The task gets assigned and notifications go in sequential manner meaning one
after another to each participant in the sequential mode. All have to approve sequentially to get
the task approved.
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Invoice Request participant details
InvoiceRequestSingleApprovalTypePa CustomSingleTypeParticipantInParallelMod
3 rticipantinParallel eRuleSet Single
InvoiceRequestApproversFYIParticipa CustomFyiTypeParticipantInParallelModeRu
4 ntinParallel leSet FYI
InvoiceRequestApproversParallelParti CustomParallelTypeParticipantInParallelMod
5 cipantinParallel eRuleSet Parallel
InvoiceApproversParallelParticipantin ParallelTypeParticipantInParallelModeRuleSe
7 Parallel t Parallel
InvoiceApproversSingleParticipantinP
8 arallel SingleTypeParticipantInParallelModeRuleSet Single
InvoiceApproversFYIParticipantinPara
9 llel FyiTypeParticipantInParallelModeRuleSet FYI
InvoiceApproversParallelParticipantO ParallelTypeParticipantOneInSequencialMod
10 neinSequence eRuleSet Parallel
InvoiceApproversSingleParticipantOn SingleTypeParticipantOneInSequencialMode
11 einSequence RuleSet Single
InvoiceApproversFYIParticipantOnein FyiTypeParticipantOneInSequencialModeRul
12 Sequence eSet FYI
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oinSequence RuleSet
InvoiceApproversParallelParticipantT ParallelTypeParticipantTwoInSequencialMod
14 woinSequence eRuleSet Parallel
InvoiceApproversSingleParticipantTw SingleTypeParticipantTwoInSequencialMode
15 oinSequence RuleSet Single
InvoiceApproversFYIParticipantTwoin FyiTypeParticipantTwoInSequencialModeRul
16 Sequence eSet FYI
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3.2.3 Key considerations:
- We have seeded rules defined for the two active participants ‘InvoiceApprovers’ and
‘InvoiceRequestDefautlApprovers’. You need to review the seeded rules and need to modify as
per your approval requirements
- Please ensure to disable participants that you do not want to use by checking the ignore
participant checkbox or by the seeded rule to ignore the participant
- You cannot change the voting regime settings for the Parallel and Serial particpants
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3.2.4 Use Cases and its implementation using the participant types:
Use Case1
Requirement
- You require the requester’s job level hierarchy to approve the invoices based on the
invoice amount limits
Solution
For the purpose of above use case you need to enable only one serial participant and all
other participants should be disabled
o Enable serial participant ‘InvoiceApprovers’ with jobl level hierarchy list builder for
configuring requester’s group approvals.
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Use Case2
Requirement
- You require the approval of requester and approval of to approve the invoices based
on the invoice amount limits
Solution
For the purpose of above use case you need to enable only one serial participant and all
other participants should be disabled
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Use Case3
Requirement
- You require the requester’s supervisory hierarchy to approve the invoices based on
the invoice amount limits
- After approval of requester’s group you want invoice to be approved by any one of
the finance manager
Solution
For the purpose of above use case you need to use two participants in sequential mode and
all other participants should be disabled.
o Enable serial participant ‘InvoiceApprovers’ with supervisory hierarchy list builder for
configuring requester’s group approvals.
o Choosing of second participant for finance manager depends on two factors,
Execution sequence: As you want approval of finance manager to happen after
the requesters group approval, you need to use participant that gets executed
after the ‘InvoiceApprovers’.
Participant type: As you want approval of one of the finance manager you
should use Single participant
o Based on the above two factors you need to enable Single Type participant that gets
executed after ‘Invoice Approvers’, which is
‘InvoiceApproversSingleParticipantOneinSequence’ with approval group as list builder.
Approval group can have list of finance managers in your company.
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Use Case4
Requirement
- You require the requester’s job level hierarchy to approve the invoices based on the
invoice amount limits
- After approval of requester’s group invoice should be approved by any one of the
payables manager
- After approval of payables manager invoice should be approved by finance group
based on the invoice limits
Solution
For the purpose of above use case you need to use three participants in sequential mode and
all other participants should be disabled.
o Enable serial participant ‘InvoiceApprovers’ with supervisory hierarchy list builder for
configuring requester’s group approvals.
o Enable ‘InvoiceApproversSingleParticipantOneinSequence’ for payables manager
approval with approval group as list builder. Approval group can have list of payables
managers in your company
o Enable ‘InvoiceApproversSerialParticipantTwoinSequence’ for finance group approval
with Job level as list builder.
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4. Payables Approvals Overview
For invoice approvals configuration you need to use task ‘FinAPInvoiceApproval’ for approval rules configuration. This task
includes participants for the both invoices and invoice requests.
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4.2 Rules Overview
Approval rules are configured in the context set of rule set from the BPM Worklist application. You need to have administration
privileges to configure rules.
- In the IF section of the rule you need to define the condition to determine when the rule should be applied. You can
define multiple conditions if needed.
- In the THEN section of the rule you need to define how approvers to be generated if the conditions are met. THEN
component consists of
o Response type: Indicates if the assignees are required to respond or they receive an FYI notification
o Automatic action setting: Allows you to set an automatic responses, for example automatically approve or reject
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4.3 Rules Configuration
For configuring approval rules users need to navigate to BPM worklist. You can navigate to BPM worklist application
in following two ways
1. Using FSM task ‘Manage Task Configuration for Financials’
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4.3.2 Configuration of simple rule for invoice approvals
In this demo we will create approval rule for following simple use case.
- All standard Invoices greater than 1000 should be approved by Requester
1. Login into BPM Worklist Application using FSM task ‘‘Manage Task Configuration
for Financials’
2. You land onto the BPM Worklist Application home page
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7. Go to rules configuration page by clicking on the ‘ ’ icon
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c. Add another condition by selecting ‘+ simple test’ action from drop down menu
10. In THEN part of the rule select Resource list builder by navigating to Add Action ->
Add Approver -> Resource
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a. Select Invoice requester attribute in the User field as
“Task.payload.invoiceRequestor”
b. Enter ‘null’ in Groups and Application Role fields
11. Now validate the rule using the ‘Validate’ button at the top left hand corner
12. Click the Save icon near the top left of the screen to save the rule
13. Click the Commit icon near the top left of the screen next to the save icon to
complete the rule configuration
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4.3.3 Configuration of rule using supervisory hierarchy
Payables invoices should be routed for supervisory hierarchy based on following invoice limits
1. Invoice amount less than or equal to $5000 should be approved by one level up
supervisory approval
2. Invoice amount greater than $5000 and equal to $10000 should be approved by two
level up supervisory approval
3. Invoice amount greater than $10000 and equal to $20000 should be approved by three
level up supervisory approval
4. Invoice amount greater than $20000 and equal to $30000 should be approved by four
level up supervisory approval
5. Invoice amount greater than $30000 and equal to $50000 should be approved by five
level up supervisory approval
6. Invoice amount greater than $50000 and equal to $100000 should be approved by six
level up supervisory approval
7. Invoice amount greater than $100000 and equal to $150000 should be approved by
seven level up supervisory approval
8. Invoice amount greater than $150000 and equal to $500000 should be approved by
eight level up supervisory approval
Steps to configure Approval Rules for the above mentioned approval limits using Supervisory list
builder criteria:
1. Login into BPM or Navigate to BPM Approval Rules through FSM Task
2. Navigate to the Invoice approvals task ‘FinApInvoiceApproval’
3. Click on ‘InvoiceApprovers’ Participant
4. Click on ‘+’ icon for adding new rule
5. Steps for creating the rule for routing invoices having invoice amount upto 5000 USD to
Manager
a. Enter Rule Name and Description as required
b. Define condition as ‘InvoiceHeader.invoiceAmount’ same or less than 5000
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c. Define Supervisory Action by navigating to Add Action -> Add Approver -> Supervisory
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Note: In our internal instance we have ‘FINUSER30’ as the Top in the supervisory hierarchy. You need to
replace this with the highest position in your company like CEO
Follow the same steps mentioned for the Manager Rule to create rest of the rules.
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6. Senior Manager Rule
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7. Director Rule
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8. Senior Director Rule
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9. Vice President Rule
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10. SVP Rule
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11. EVP Rule
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12. CEO Rule
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4.3.4 Configuration of rule using Job level hierarchy
Requirement is to configure approval rules for the below mentioned approval limit and for various job
levels
Manager 1 $5000
Director 3 $20000
SVP 6 $100000
EVP 7 $150000
CEO 8 $500000
Steps
Navigate to Navigator -> Personal Management -> Search for the employee
Click on Manage Employment
Click on Edit -> Update to update the Job for an user/employee
3. Login into BPM or Navigate to BPM Approval Rules through FSM Task
4. Navigate to the Invoice approvals task ‘FinApInvoiceApproval’
5. Navigate to ‘InvoiceApprovers’ Participant
6. Click on ‘+’ icon for adding new rule
7. Steps for creating the rule for manager level whose approval limit is upto 5000 USD.
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8. Define Job Level Action by navigating to Add Action -> Add Approver -> Job Level
9. Number of Levels required to perform the approval action should be specified along with other
details.
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A lower bound and an upper bound for job levels should be specified. These levels can be
relative to the starting point, the task requester or an absolute job level.
10. For manager level approval is required by at least Job Level 1 and at most Job Level 1 (approval
rule modeled using absolute levels).
Enter At least level as 1
Enter At most level as 1
Add starting participant as
HierarchyBuilder.getManager("joblevel",InvoiceHeader.requesterName,-1,"","")
Note: Considering approval of an invoice starts from the manager of invoice requester.
Assuming invoice entry clerk will manually enter requester during invoice creation.
Add Top Participant as HierarchyBuilder.getPrincipal("<Top Job Level Name>",-1,"","")
Enter Utilized Participants as ‘All Approvers’
Auto Action Enabled False
Note: In our internal instance we have ‘JL9’ as the Top in the hierarchy. You need to
replace this with the top participant in your company like CEO as per your requirement.
Similar to the above rule you need to create rules for other job levels in your organization.
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5. Considerations
1. If any participant is active, then under the ruleset for that participant there should be at least one
active rule that gets satisfied when invoice document submitted for approval. You need to define
rules such a way that for each document at least one rule gets satisfied under each participant.
2. In Fusion Payables you can enable approvals at Invoicing Business Unit (IBU) level. If you enable
approvals for any IBU then all invoice documents (apart from Payment Requests and Invoice
Requests) belonging to that IBU will be routed for approval processing. You need to configure
auto approval rule for scenarios when some of the invoices do not need approvals.
a. For example, if you have a requirement to send only invoices more than 1000 USD to be
routed for approvals. Then you should configure an auto approval rule to approve
invoices below 1000 USD as below:
3. Out of the box following two seeded rules are provided, please ensure to modify or inactivate the
seeded rules as per your requirement.
a. Manager approval rule: Invoices more than 1000 USD requires 1 supervisory level
approval
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b. Auto approval rule: Invoices less than 1000 USD should get auto approved
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4. By default only one serial participant (InvoiceApprovers) is active, enable any other participant
only based on your requirement.
5. You can submit an invoice for approval process in following two ways:
a. Manual submission using ‘Initiate’ action from Manage and Edit Invoices pages
i. Submit the process by clicking ‘Initiate Approval Workflow’ from the Task pane
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ii. Submit the process from standard ESS submit process window
6. Vacation rules
7. Currency conversion
8. Global Variables
9. Distribution update
If you are using the Invoice Approval workflow, you can perform the following actions on the
Manage Invoices and Edit Invoices pages to initiate the approval process and handle approval
exceptions:
Initiate approval
Withdraw approval
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Hold from approval
Force approve
Resubmit for approval
Initiate Approval
To submit an invoice for approval, select the Initiate approval action. You can select this action
when the Approval Status on an invoice is Required. The workflow process starts and routes the
invoice to the applicable approver who then approves or rejects the invoice. The Approval
Status on the invoice is updated to Initiated.
Withdraw Approval
To withdraw the approval process for an invoice, select the Withdraw approval action. You can
select this action when the Approval Status on an invoice is Initiated. The application cancels all
pending workflow processes and all open notifications associated with the invoice. The Approval
Status on the invoice is updated to Withdrawn.
To delay the approval process for an invoice, select the Hold from approval action. You can
select this action when the Approval Status on an invoice is Required. The Approval Status on
the invoice is updated to Held from approval. The invoice still requires approval before it can be
paid and you must initiate approval for the invoice at a later time.
Force Approve
To force approve an invoice, for example if the invoice must be paid immediately, select
the Force approve action. Before you can select this action, you must have the appropriate
privileges and the Allow force approval option on the Manage Invoice Options page must be
enabled. The Approval Status on the invoice is updated to Manually approved.
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Resubmit for Approval
To resubmit an invoice for approval, select the Resubmit for approval action. You can select this
action when:
o Invoice amount
o Line amount
o Distribution combination
o Distribution set
o Tax amount
o Line added
o Line canceled
o Rejected
o Withdrawn
o Held from approval
o Resubmit for approval
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6. Approval Notifications
Approvers can access the invoice approval notifications (tasks) pending their disposition in
following two ways:
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Email Notifications
Invoice approvals can be performed using email notifications. Email sent to the approver based
on the mail id defined on the OIM for that approver. Approvers can perform following actions
using email:
To perform other actions approvers should access the worklist notification by logging into Fusion
applications
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