Spillway

It is a structure constructed at a dam site for effectively

disposing of the surplus water from U.S to D.S

Dam Spillway
 Crossing Structures
• Crossing structures are those constructed at
intersections of:
1. Waterway-road (culvert or bridge).
2. Waterway-Waterway (syphon or aqueduct).
3. Waterway ending at another waterway (tail escape).
 Road

Water
way Culvert or
Bridge

Water
way Water
way

Water Water
way Syphon or
way
Aqueduct
Tail
escape
 Culvert

The culvert is a closed conduit (pipe or box section) constructed to

carry the discharge of a waterway under a road.
The selection of the type of the culvert is based on the discharge
as follows:
• For Q ≤ 3.0 m3/sec use Pipe culvert.
• For Q ≤ 12.0 m3/sec use Box section.
 Syphon
• Syphon is a structure constructed at the intersection of
two waterways.
• Syphon carries the discharge of one waterway under
the other.
• Usually the smaller waterway’s discharge passes under
the large one.

≥ 0.3
 Aqueduct
• Aqueduct is a structure constructed at the
intersection of two waterways.
• aqueduct carries the discharge of one waterway
above the other.
• Usually the smaller waterway’s discharge passes
above the large one.

≥ 0.3
 Tail Escape Road

Waterway
Water Body

• Tail escape is a structure constructed at the end of a waterway

to evacuate the water to a water body.

Control Structures
used to:
Control discharge and/or Control water elevation
 Flow over weirs
Definition: All barriers on the bottom of the channel that cause the
flow to accelerate to pass through can be considered as weirs.
Function: Flow measuring and flow control
Types: Sharp crested weirs
─Materials: plastic, metal plate,
─Shapes: full width or contracted rectangular, vee shape etc.
Broad crested weirs
─Materials: concrete, wood,
─Shapes: Ogee, flat top etc.

V-notch Sharp-crested weir

 Ogee type Weir
Ogee type weir is used as spillway for dams.
The shape of the weir is selected such that the water
flow is always in contact with the face of the weir.
 Gates
• Gates are used to control the discharge and also
to stop the flow if required.
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