CHAPTER Ⅱ

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

Review Related Literature

2.1 Foreign Literature

According to Grossman, Miller (2012), they that found that juvenile curfew
laws were effective at reducing adverse youth health outcomes; juvenile curfew crime; and
victimization were of higher quality than those finding no effects. However, given the limited
number of studies and concerns with quality, they conclude that more research is needed
before conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of juvenile curfew laws.

Duncklee Aug 31, 2015 Laws are in existence to keep people safe and out of harm’s
way. Ideally, people will not be injured physically, financially or emotionally if people
followed all the laws. Realistically, not all laws are followed and officials resort to creating
laws to combat lawlessness. As a way to reduce juvenile crime, cities throughout the United
States have imposed curfew laws for minors. The goal of this laws is to deter the youth from
committing crimes and while this goal is admirable, these laws may no longer be necessary or
even effective.

Pedro Vasquez, October 2012 Juveniles are Juvenile curfew laws are designed to
prevent crimes committed by young people and from preventing young people from
becoming victims of crimes themselves. These laws limit the time in which juveniles are
allowed in public expected to be off the streets and their homes after certain hours of the day.
Juvenile’s curfew laws require the assistance of community members as well as law
enforcement for the curfew to be effective. These laws are not just intended to prevent crime
or victimization, but to deter young people from becoming a delinquent.

In Indira Jimenez, May 2 2016. Curfew laws have serious unintended consequences,
including disproportionate minority contact, the criminalization of homeless and runaway
youth, worsening outcomes for kids and the exposure of cities to lawsuits for
unconstitutionality. Local decision-makers should consider taking the following action in
order to ensure that their curfews protect rather than harm young people in their cities
 Jennifer L. Doleac, December 29, 2015. Juvenile curfews aim to reduce crime through
incapacitation: if we tell young people to go home earlier at night, we hope they will have
less opportunity to get into trouble. Juvenile curfews are extremely common in the United
State most large cities have them, as do many smaller cities and towns. They typically apply
to those under age 18, and the punishment for breaking curfew is usually a fine. Despite their
ubiquity, juvenile curfews are extremely controversial, mostly because of concerns that
police disproportionately target racial minorities when enforcing curfew laws.

2.2 Local literature

Hernandez (2013) The Philippines has a good number of laws, policies and programs
on child protection, albeit with limited funds and trained personnel. A number of these laws
and policies impact on the prevention of child maltreatment although very few are directly
related to primary prevention. There was a disparity between what is required by national
laws and policies; and actual implementation and support for programs depended on the
interests and priorities of local executives.

The Freeman (2016). Curfews are not only good for keeping youngster out of harm,
they are also helpful in reviving long forgotten family lives by keeping them home. Many of
the bad things that have befallen the young are almost always the result of a breakdown in
family closeness and relations.

Review Related Studies

2.3 Local Studies

A data from DSWD or Department of Social Welfare and Development shows that
from 2001 to 2010 there were more or less 64,000 CICLs or Children in Conflict with the
Law served by the government. Most crimes of these teens were use of drugs, alcohol, and
robbery. Government efforts at resolving problems of CICLs and it resulted in the enactment
of Republic Act 9344 or the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006.
2.4 Synthesis of the study