Babylonian Civilization

A civilization derived from Sumerian culture around 1800 B.C.E. the Babylonian
Empire arose and again unified much of Mesopotamia. This empire was headed by
Hammurabi which sets the Hammurabi’s law. The Babylonians went on to greatly influence
Mesopotamian culture. More importantly, they had a great impact on the history of western
civilization. Among the most important contributions of Babylonia are the first ever positional
number system; accomplishments in advanced mathematics; laying the foundation for
all western astronomy; and impressive works in art, architecture and literature.

One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was built on the banks of the
Euphrates river. It may never have existed except in the imagination of Greek poets and
historians although archaeologists claim to have found the remains of its walls. Most scholars
attribute its construction to King Nebuchadnezzar II to console his Median wife, Amytis, who
missed the mountains and greenery of her home land. The Gardens didn't really "hang" but
were built on terraces which were part of the ziggurat and was irrigated by water lifted up from
the Euphrates. There is not a single mention of a "hanging garden" in the Babylon cuneiform
record but this is probably because it was considered part of the ziggurat structure and not a
separate entity in itself.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon

Egyptian Civilization

Egyptian civilization formed by 3000 B.C.E along the Nile River. They benefited from
trade and technological influence from Mesopotamia, but they produced a very different
society and culture. More stable that Sumer and protected from the main invasion route by
desert, Egyptian civilization flourished for more than 2000 years before beginning to decline
about 1000 B.C.E.

Many inventions and developments of Science and Technology are attributed to Egyptian.
Among these are: